At present, the immunological tolerance in transplantation induced by multi-mechanisms, to inhibit the chronic graft rejection, represents an important trend in the field of transplantation. This review summarizes the new researches about immune and non-immune factors in this field. At the same time, this review also discusses that the high-dose vitamin E, through changing the ratio of Th/Ts in vivo and not improving the level of specific-antibody, regulates the immune system. In addition, the potent antioxidation of vitamin E has advantage to release the oxidate press of tissue and the damage of blood vessels. In the end, the reporter prospects the signification of vitamin E to inhibit the chronic graft rejection and points out the potential questions.

Objective To explore the influence of stereoscopic vision on the development of posterior capsule opacification (PCO) after intraocular lens implantation. The efficacy of Nd: YAG laser was studied. Design Case-controlled study. Participants 57 consecutive patients with POC(59 eyes with phacoemulsification and IOL implantation). Methods A prospective observational study was conducted comprising 57 patients (59 eyes) who had postoperative PCO. Neodymium: YAG (Nd: YAG) laser posterior capsulatomy was performed on all patients following a standardizes procedure. Preoperative and postoperative evaluation included LogMAR visual acuity, best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), contrast sensitivity and stereoscopic vision. Main Outcome Measures LogMAR visual acuity, BCVA, contrast sensitivity and stereoscopic vision. Results The average LogMAR eyesight median of sick eye before laser treatment was (0.22?0.31) and the contrast sensitive degree of each frequency area was relatively lower than the opposite eye; After the treatment, there was evident improvement of the sick eye, and the LogMAR eyesight median of that was 0.00; The ratio of reaching the central spatial eyesight and the average sharpness degree both improve much than ahead of treatment. Those whose spatial eyesight sharpness don't get normal after the low best remedy eyesight. Irregular dipodic and previous eye disease. Conclusions LogMAR visual acuity, BCVA, contrast sensitivity and stereoscopic vision were damaged markedly with PCO. Our results indicate that Nd: YAG capsulotomy may affect the reconstruction of stereoscopic vision. Nd:YAG laser posterior capsulotomy is a valuable and clinically relevant method for clinical treatment of PCO.

Objective To study the characteristics of optical coherence tomography (OCT) in idiopathic macular epiretinal membranes (IMEM) and the relationship between the thickness of fovea and the vision of affected eyes. Methods Total of 67 cases (73 eyes) with clinical diagnosis of IMEM by direct, indirect ophthalmoscopy, three mirror contact lens, fundus color photography or fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA) were examined with OCT. Results Epiretinal membranes(ERMs) with macular edema were found in 32 eyes, proliferative ERMs in 20 eyes, ERMs with macular pseudoholes in 14 eyes and ERMs with laminar macular holes in 7 eyes. Based on OCT, the ERMs were clearly and partially seperated from the retina (27 eyes, 38.36%), the retinal thickness of the fovea was the thickest in proliferative ERMs and the thinnest in ERMs with laminar macular holes. The statistical analysis showed there was a negative correlation between the thickness of fovea and visual acuity (r=-0.454, P= 0.000 ). Conclusion There were four types of image of OCT in IMEM: ERMs with macular edema, proliferative ERMs, ERMs with macular pseudohole and ERMs with laminar macular hole;and the thicker the fovea under the OCT, the poorer the visual acnity in the affected eyes with ERMs.

Malignant transformation is closely related to gene mutations.The tumor suppressor gene p53 codes for a transcription factor,P53 protein,plays a critical regulation role in oncogene expression,DNA synthesis and repair systems,and cell apoptosis.It has been demonstrated that p53 mutation occurs in more than 50% of cancer cells,which is thought to play a crucial role in malignant transformation.p53-based gene therapeutical approaches in vitro and in vivo aiming at a direct correction of the specific molecular defect in p53-mutated malignant cells,showed notable efficacy in numerous cancer types.In this review,we discussed the current advances in this field,focusing on adenovirus-mediated wild-type p53 gene therapy.

【Objective】To measure RNFL thickness (clock type and mean) and investigate the relationship between RNFL thickness and age,gender,and right or left eye in normal subjects using OCT.【Methods】OCT was used in 183 eyes of 104 normal subjects to measure RNFL thickness with circle scan (scan diameter of 3.46mm) around optic nerve head.【Results】RNFL thickness (μm) measured by OCT in normal eyes according to clock type (10:30～、11:30～、12:30～、1:30～、2:30～、3:30～、4:30～、5:30～、6:30～、7:30～、8:30～、9:30～) were 144±14、141±16、135±12、104±17、78±15、90±18、130±16、147±17、145±13、92±16、80±11、103±10,respectively，and mean of whole circle was (116±5) μm.There was a negative correlation between RNFL thickness in temple-superior (10:30～12:30),temple- inferior (5:30～7:30),mean thickness and age (P=0.005～0.000).There was no significant differences between RNFL thickness of various clock and mean (P=0.356～0.781),gender and right or left eye (P=0.155～0.612).【Conclusion】RNFL thickness was thicker in temple-superior (10:30～12:30) and temple-inferior (5:30～7:30),thinner in nasal (2:30～) and temple (8:30～) in normal subjects.The elder of persons,the thinner of RNFL thickness.RNFL thickness was not related to gender and right or left eye.

Objectives To observe the effect of the nourishing kidney and dispersing stagnated hepatoqi decoction (NKD) on symptoms and sex hormone of polycystic ovary syndrome patients with renal deficiency and hepatic stagnation. Methods Fifty six patients were divided into two groups:the NKD group (30 cases, treated with the NKD), and the Diane-35 group (26 cases, treated with Diane-35). Condition of menstruation, acne, hairiness and side effects were observed. The follicle figures and ovary volume were recorded, and the sex hormone were detected before and after treatment. Results Two patients were pregnancy in NKD group. After treatment, the condition of menstrual disorder and acne were improved significantly in both groups (P

Objective To determine the risk factors for postoperative cognitive dysfunction (POCD) after orthopedic surgery for adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.Methods Sixty-five patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis,aged 11-18 yr,of American Society of Anesthesiologists physical status Ⅰ or Ⅱ,scheduled for elective orthopedic surgery with general anesthesia,were enrolled in this study.On admission to hospital (T0),before surgery (T1),at the end of surgery (T2) and on 2nd day after surgery (T3),blood samples were taken from the peripheral vein for determination of serum interleukin-10 (IL-10) and tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) concentrations.Cognitive function was evaluated using a set of neuropsychological tests at 1 day before surgery and 7 days after surgery.Baseline patient characteristics such as age,gender,years of education and medical history,intraoperative fluid intake and output,surgery time,extubation time,postoperative visual analog scale score and related complications were recorded.Patients were divided into either POCD group or non-POCD group according to the diagnostic criteria of POCD.Logistic regression analysis was used to pick out the risk factors for POCD.Results Sixty-three patients completed this trial.The incidence of POCD was 24％.Compared with non-POCD group,the serum IL-10 concentration at T0 and serum TNF-α concentration at T3 were significantly increased,the IL-10/TNF-α ratio was decreased,and the length of postoperative hospital stay was prolonged in POCD group (P＜0.05).The results of logistic regression analysis showed that increased concentrations of serum IL-10 at T0 and TNF-α at T3 were risk factors for POCD.Conclusion Increased serum concentrations of IL-10 on admission to hospital and TNF-α on 2nd after surgery are risk factors for POCD in the patients with adolescent idiopathic scoliosis.

ObjectiveTo assess the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus(DM) using quantitative tissue velocity imaging(QTVI) ,and to provide reliable evidence for early diagnosis and prevention in diabetic cardiomyopathy.MethodsOne hundred and twenty one type 2 DM patients were divided into two DM 1 groups (61 patients without microangiopathy) and DM2 group (60 patientswith microangiopathy).Fifty normal subjects were enrolled as control group.The index of echocardiography,including the LVEF, FS and mitral peak flow velocity during early and late diastole (E/A) were measured by conventional echocardiography,and the ratio of E/A was calculated.The average peak velocities of six LV wall sites at mitral annuluses during systole, early and late diastole(MEm, MEm, MAm) were measured by QTVI, and the ratio of MEm/MAm was calculated.Results Compared with the normal group, MSm ([7.13 ± 1.42])cm/s vs.([6.49 ± 1.29]cm/s), MEm ([6.22 ± 1.39]cm/s) vs.([4.53 ± 0.94]cm/s) and MEm/MAm ([0.79 ±0.17]vs.[0.59 ± 0.19]) in DM patients were significantly decreased(F = 5.32,8.01 ,4.89 ; Ps ＜0.05).There was no significant differences among three groups in the comparisons of LVEF ([67.45 ±5.47]％),([65.91 ±4.83]％),([68.01 ±6.16]％) and FS([38.84±4.23]％,[37.82±5.43]％),([40.17 ± 4.53]％)(F = 1.89 and 2.46 respectively, P ＞ 0.05) .In addition, E/A of DM2 group (0.71 ±0.21)decreased more dramatically than DM1 and normal (0.91 ± 0.18,1.02 ± 0.24)(F = 4.71, P ＜ 0.05)ConclusionCompared with EF,FS and E/A obtained by conventional echocardiography,QTVI-derived MSm,MEm and MEm/MAm are more sensitive indexes to defect early LV dysfunction.The functional disorder appears early than microangiopathy, and the left ventricular systolic and diastolic function gets worse along with the microangiopathy.

Objective To investigate the clinical values of brain natriuretic peptide (BNP) in combination with TDI in diagnosing left ventricular hypertrophy (LVH) and impaired diastolic function in elderly hypertensive patients. Methods The 140 elderly hypertensive patients were divided into LVH group (n=69) and NLVH group (n=71). Control group consisted of 50 normal subjects. Plasma BNP level and index of echocardiography, including mitral peak flow velocity during early and late diastole (E, A), ratio of E/A, average peak velocities of six LV wall sites at mitral annuluses during early and late diastole (MEm, MAm), ratios of MEm/MAm and E/MEm were measured in all patients. The correlation of plasma BNP level with cardiac ultrasonographic findings was also examined. Results The level of BNP [(61.64±37.18)ng/L, (138. 65±30. 23)ng/L] and the ratio of E/MEm (11.3±1.83, 15.7±1.45) were significantly higher in NLVH group and LVH group than in normal group (P＜0. 05 or P＜0. 01). MEm [(6.32±0. 94)cm/s, (4.29±0. 91)cm/s]and MEm/MAm (0.76±0.19, 0.51±0. 11) were significantly lower in NLVH and LVH group than in normal group (P＜0.05 or P＜0. 01). The BNP level was negatively correlated with E/A, MEm and MEm/MAm (r=- 0. 294, r= 0. 387 and r= 0. 422, all P＜0. 01), and was positively correlated with LVMI and E/MEm (r=0.342, r=0.501, all P＜0.01). Conclusions Left ventricular diastolic function is impaired in elderly hypertension patients regardless of LVH or NLVH.Plasma BNP level in combination with echocardiography parameter is accurate to evaluate the LVHand impaired diastolic function in elderly hypertensive patients.

Objective To evaluate the value of the clinical application of piezosurgery-assisted sliding genioplasty.Methods A total of 9 patients (7 women,2 man,aged 19-40 years) with microgenia were performed operation by intraoral V incision with subperiosteal exposure of the mandibular mentum area.Note relaxtion and preservation of the mental nerves.A horizontal osteotomy of cortical bone on anterior mandible was underwent by the conventional electric bone saw and internal plate bone was sectioned with the piezoelectric device.The segment was divided with preservation of the lingual soft tissue attachment and was advanced in the mandibular mentum area.These was fixed in the reposition by titanium plate and screw for preventing displacement.Results The piezoelectric device produced selective sectioning of the mineralized bone structures,bone was cut precisely without damage to vital anatomic structures and dental pulp,and was much easier to control and less aggressive,creating only minimal damage to soft tissues.The operative effects were satisfactory during 3- 6 months of follow-up.Stable chin contours were created and became nature.Iatrogenic problems with bleeding,in fection,mental nerve injury had been avoided.Conclusions Piezosurgery is a safe and precise technique to reduce the complication rate and to improve the treatment outcomes of genioplasties.