Primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) is a rare type of malignant lymphoma which originates in the central nervous system without spreading to other systems. It is more predisposable to immunodeficient individuals. However, an increase in the incidence of PCNSL has been also observed in the healthy population in recent years. PCNSL has short phase of clincal release, and easy to relapse with poor prognosis. Some studies have shown that relative prognostic factors were associated with age, performance status, the radiotherapy and chemotherapy modalities, the response to early adminstration of the glucocorticoid,tissue pathologic type and the molecular biologic marks.

American medical education is one of the most characteristic and successful education models in the western country. There are significant differences between American and Chinese medical education. American successful experiences are precious for China to build the first-class medical universities in the new century

Objective: To investigate the influence of astragalosides (AST) and Panax notoginseng saponins (PNS) combination on oxidative stress of brain tissues in C57BL/6 mice with cerebral ischemia-reperfusion injury. Methods: Eighty C57BL/6 mice were randomly divided into sham-operated group, untreated group, high-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 220 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 230 mg/kg), medium-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 110 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 115 mg/kg), low-dose combination group (AST at a dose of 55 mg/kg plus PNS at a dose of 57.5 mg/kg), AST (110 mg/kg) group, PNS (115 mg/kg) group and edaravone (4 mg/kg) group. AST and PNS were administered by gavage once daily for 4 days and edaravone was administered by intraperitoneal injection twice daily for 4 days. On the fourth day, bilateral common carotid arteries were ligated for 20 minutes to induce cerebral ischemia, followed by 60 minutes of reperfusion. Ischemic brain tissue was used to prepare tissue homogenate, then contents of malonaldehyde (MDA), glutathione (GSH) and nitric oxide (NO), and activities of superoxide dismutase (SOD) and nitric oxide synthase (NOS) in the homogenate were detected. Twoxtwo analysis of variance of factorial design was used to analyze whether there was an interaction between AST at 110 mg/kg and PNS at 115 mg/kg. Results: Compared with sham-operated group, contents of MDA and NO, and activity of NOS in the untreated group were remarkably increased (P<0.01), activity of SOD and content of GSH were decreased (P<0.01). Compared with the untreated group, content of MDA in the AST group was decreased (P<0.01) and activity of SOD was increased (P<0.01), however, contents of GSH and NO and activity of NOS had no obvious changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO in the PNS group was decreased as compared with the untreated group (P<0.01), but activities of SOD and NOS and content of GSH had no changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO and activity of NOS in brain tissues in the edaravone group were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and activity of SOD was increased (P<0.05), while content of GSH had no changes (P>0.05). Contents of MDA and NO and activity of NOS in brain tissue in the AST and PNS combination groups were decreased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the activity of SOD increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), the content of GSH increased (P<0.01, P<0.05), and activity of SOD and content of GSH were increased (P<0.01, P<0.05). The results of analysis of variance of factorial design showed that there were interactions between AST (110 mg/kg) and PNS (115 mg/kg) (P<0.01). Conclusion: Combination of AST (110 mg/kg) and PNS (115 mg/kg) has a restraint effect on the early oxidative stress injury in the brain after ischemia-reperfusion, and the combination has a synergistic or additive effect.

A molecularly imprinted electrochemiluminescence sensor for detection of cinchonine based on surface self-assembly of molecularly imprinted membrane on magnetic nanoparticles was developed. Cinchonine was used as template and lauryl mercaptan was used as assembling monomer. The morphology and particle size distribution of the magnetic nanoparticles were characterized by TEM, and the infrared spectroscopy was used to study the structure and composition of cinchonine, molecularly imprinted membrane before and after elution. The results showed that, cinchonine could be specifically assayed with a linear relationship between the signal intensity and the logarithm of concentrations of cinchonine in the range of 1×10-10 mol/L to 9×10-8 mol/L. The detection limit for cinchonine was 3. 5×10-11mol/L. The sensor was used for the determination of cinchonine in serum samples, with the recoveries of 98. 8% to 104. 7%.

Objective To study the effect of acupuncturing at Jiaji points plus cervical traction in treating unsteady lower cervical vertebrae.Methods The 90 outpatients willing to accept our treatment were randomized into 3 groups with 30 in each.Acupuncture group:acupuncture at the cervical Jiaji points.Traction group:traction at the cervical vertebrae.Acupuncture + traction group:acupuncture at the cervical Jiaji points plus cervical traction.Total effect,symptom scoring and X-ray examination were evaluated after 3 course of treatment.Results The total effective rate of acupuncture group,traction group and acupuncture + traction group was 47.67%,73.33% and 90.00% respectively.In total effect,symptoms of unsteady lower cervical vertebrae and the changes of X-ray examination,acupuncture + traction group was better than that of acupuncture group(P

Objective To study the occurring regulation of antibody of Urbani sever acute respiratory syndrome (SARS)-associated coronavirus after onset of illness in patients with SARS and investigate the co-infection status of Chlamydiae pneumoniae (Chlamydiae P.) , Mycoplasma pneumoniae (Mycoplasma P.), Adenovirus, Respiratory Syncytia virus (RSV). Methods Serum Antibody IgM and IgG of Urbani SARS-associated coronavirus of 43 patients with SARS and 10 patients with other diseases except SARS at the two different phases of illnesses were detected with immune fluorescent technique. Antibody IgM and IgG of Chlamydiae P., Mycoplasma P., Adenovirus and RSV in the above samples were detected with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Results 40 cases' infection of were Urbani SARS-associated coronavirus were determined (93.02%) and 3 cases were negative (6.98%). 10 patients with other diseases except SARS have negative serum Antibody IgM and IgG of Urbani SARS-associated coronavirus. Recent infection rates of Chlamydiae P., Mycoplasma P., Adenovirus and RSV were 25.58%, 16.28%, 6.98% and 4.65% , respectively, and former infection rates of these pathogens were 39.53%, 34.88%, 27.91% and 0, respectively. Antibody IgM of Urbani SARS-associated coronavirus occurred at the same time of onset of fever. Positive rates of IgM were respectively 69.57% and 62.96% in 8～14 days and 15～33 days after onset of fever, and there were no remarkable difference between them, but they were re-markably higher than that in 1～7 days after onset of fever (16.67%). Antibody IgG of Urbani SARS-as-sociated coronavirus occurred at the 6th day after onset of fever. Positive rates of IgG were respectively 19.44%, 65.22% and 92.59% in 1～7 days, 8～14 days and 15～33 days after onset of fever, and there were remarkable difference among them. Conclusions Antibody IgM and IgG of Urbani SARS-associated coronavirus may occur at the early stage of illness in patientswith SARS, which positive cases may increase remarkably 2 weeks later after onset of fever. There may be recent infection and/or former infection of Chlamydiae P., Mycoplasma P., Adenovirus and RSV in some patients with infectious atypical pneumonia. Detection of Antibody IgM and IgG of Urbani SARS-associated coronavirus in sera with immune fluorescent technique can be used on the early diagnosis of SARS.

Objective To investigate the effects of hyperbaric oxygen (HBO) on the systemic inflammation response in patients with severe traumatic brain injury (TBI), and to explore HBO therapy mechanisms. Methods Seventy patients with severe TBI were randomly divided into a routine treatment group ( RT group, n = 35 ) and an HBO group (n=35). All patients received conventional treatment, but the HBO group received additional early HBO therapy. Twenty age-and sex-matched normal subjects were recruited and served as normal controls. Serum interleukin-6 (IL-6) was measured by ELISA, and C reactive protein (CRP) was also measured on days 1, 7, 14 and 21 after injury. Sequential organ failure assessments (SOFAs) and Glasgow coma scale (GCS) scores were evaluated at the same time points. Systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS) was assessed daily. Results The concentrations of serum IL-6 and CRP increased obviously following TBI, but patients in the HBO group exhibited significantly lower levels at each time point than those in the RT group. In the HBO group fewer cases of SIRS developed,and they had a significantly shorter average duration than those in the RT group. The average SOFA score in the HBO group was significantly lower than that of the RT group at days 14 and 21 after injury, and the GCS scores had improved significantly more by day 21. Compared with the patients who were free of SIRS, the patients with SIRS showed higher levels of IL-6 and CRP, higher SOFA scores as well as lower GCS scores ( all differences statistically significant). Conclusions HBO therapy can attenuate systemic inflammation after TBI, protect the functions of important organs and improve clinical outcomes. Decreasing the level of IL-6 may contribute to the effectiveness of HBO.

Objective To establish a novel glucocorticoid (GC)-resistant human diffuse large B lymphoma(DLBCL) cell line Toledo/dexamethasone (DEX) by the exposure to DEX,and observe the biological characteristics of resistant and parental cell line,investigate the mechanisms of glucocorticoid-resistance.Methods Toledo/DEX was established by the exposure to DEX,the dose of which was increased gradually and intermittently for long periods of time.Toledo,in the logarithmic growth phage,was incubated in the culture medium containing DEX at the concentration of 1×10-8 mol/L at first.The medium without DEX was replaced after for 96 hours until the cell line re-entered the logarithmic growth phase.Repeat the above steps to acquire the ultimate concentration of DEX in the medium as 1.024 ×10-5 mol/L.The biological characteristics of resistant and parental cell lines were evaluated.Results Toledo/DEX was more invasive in the aspects of ultrastructure,tumorigenicity and drug sensitivity.Meanwhile,Toledo/DEX achieved some stable biological characteristics such as morphology,karyotypes and immunophenotype.Furthermore,GC receptor (GR) α and GR β protein expression analysis showed that GR was involved in the mechanism of the GCresistance.Conclusions Toledo/DEX is a drug-resistant cell line with a stable biology backgroud.These results may help shed light on the knowledge of GC-resistance and lay the groundwork for searching new therapeutics to reverse drug-resistance.

Objective To explore the efficacy of circular wound edge protector(CWEP)in preventing surgical site infection (SSI)following open abdominal surgery,analyze the related risk factors for postoperative SSI,and provide scientific basis for preventing SSI following open abdominal surgery.Methods 162 patients who underwent open abdominal surgery in a hospital from March 2014 to December 2015 were randomly divided into intervention group (used CWEP during surgery)and control group (used sterile gauze pad to protect incision).Length of hospital stay,cost of dressing change,and SSI between two groups were compared,risk factors for postoperative SSI were analyzed.Results Incidence of SSI in intervention group was lower than control group (14.81%[12/81]vs 34.57%[28/81],P <0.05);grade-A incision healing rate of intervention group was higher than control group(86.42% vs 66.67%,P <0.05).The cost of dressing change in intervention group was lower than control group([305.5 ± 176.7]yuan vs [431.6 ± 381.4 ]yuan,P = 0.008 ). Multivariate logistic regression analysis indicated that hypoproteinemia(OR,2.88[95%CI ,1.21-6.87]),body mass index ≥24(OR,3.11[95%CI ,1.12-8.66]),and blood loss≥400 mL(OR,3.98[95%CI ,1.36- 11.64])were independent risk factors for postoperative SSI,while CWEP use was the protective factor(OR,0.24[95%CI ,0.09-0.59]).Conclusion CWEP can effectively reduce the incidence of SSI following open abdominal surgery.

Objective To establish a nude mice model for NB4/ShHMGA2 xenograft and explore the effect of HMGA2 knockdown on hematological malignancies. Methods NB4/ShHMGA2 or NB4/ShControl cell lines were established by transfecting the recombinant Lentivirus-HMGA2shRNA and the vacant Lentivirus-NC-marked into NB4 cells. The knockdown of HMGA2 was identified by RT-PCR and Western blot. Ten male BALB/c nude mice aged 4 ~ 5 weeks were equally divided into two groups. The mice irradiated by 4 Gy 60 Co were subcutaneously injected with 8 × 106 NB4/ShHMGA2 or NB4/ShControl cells into one side of axilla. The volumes of xenograft tumor were evaluated using the equation volume (mm3) = (L × W2)/2. The xenograft tumor section was detected by IHC with Ki-67 antibody. Results NB4 cell xenograft tumors developed in all mice of both the two groups. The NB4/ShHMGA2 cells in the nude mice grew at a lower rate than those in the controls. There were statistically significant differences in the volume and weight of xenograft tumor between the two groups [(1 484.25 ± 156.342)mm3 vs (3 228.674 ± 285.64)mm3, P < 0.05] and [(2 135.33 ± 198.05) mg vs (650.46 ± 85.12)mg, P < 0.05]. The Ki-67 protein level in NB4/ShHMGA2 cells xenografts was lower than that in the controls. Conclusion The knockdown of HMGA2 could inhibit proliferation of NB4 cells in NB4 cells xenograft tumor.