Objective To observe the changes in the transforming growth factor-beta 1 (TGF-β1 ) mRNA expression in the lung in a dog model of cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB)-induced acute lung injury. Methods Thirty-six healthy adult mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 15-16 kg were randomly assigned into control group and CPB group ( n = 18 each) . Lung injury was produced by CPB according to the method described by Williams. Six animals were killed at each of the following time points: before CPB (T0 ) and 30 and 60 min after termination of CPB (T1 , T2) in each group. Lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination and determination of TGF-β1 mRNA expression (by RT-PCR) and MDA content. The lungs were lavaged and the protein concentration in the brancho-alveolar lavage fluid (BALF) was determined and pulmonary permeability index (PPI) was calculated. Results Microscopic examination showed massive inflammatory cell infiltration, alveolar capillary dilatation, congestion, widened alveolar septum, massive RBC in the alveolar space and focal atelectasis in the lung in CPB group. The TGF-β1 mRNA expression and MDA content and PPI were significantly higher in CPB group than in control group. The TGF-β1 mRNA expression and MDA was positively correlated to PPI (MDA: r = 0.867, P < 0.01; PPI: r = 0.821, P < 0.01) . Conclusion TGF-β1 mRNA expression in the lung is significantly up-regulated after CPB and is an important factor contributing to CPB-induced acute lung injury.

Objective To compare nursing students' adaptation in clinical practice who are under two different curriculum systems in order to guide our college's curriculum reform. Methods ROY adaptation model was used as the theoretical basis to design the questionnaire. 48 students in the reform class and 80 students in the parallel class were surveyed by questionnaire. Results The reform class and the parallel class of students were both unadaptable in clinical practice, but the reform class's adaptation was better than the parallel class. Conclusions Curriculum reform has some positive effect in clinical practice, nursing educators should take appropriate approaches to promote students to adapt the clinical practice.

In order to decrease the potential side-effects of human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF) caused by its broadspectrum mitogenic activity, a single residue of hbFGF, the residue serine 108, was replaced with neutral alanine residue to construct a mutant of hbFGF (mhbFGF) with reduced mitogenic activity. The mutant was overexpressed in Escherichia coli BL21(DE3) by IPTG induction. The expression level of mhbFGF was about 30% of the total cellular protein. The expressed mhbFGF was purified by ionic exchange and heparin affinity chromatography from the supernatant of bacteria lysate. Measured by MTT method, the effect of mhbFGF on Balb/c 3T3 cell proliferation was much lower than that of wild-type hbFGF. The purified recombinant mhbFGF was prepared and sufficient for the following pharmacological and safety studies.

AIM:To study the mechanism of the unique export of one of human basic fibroblast growth factor (hbFGF) forms lacking the N-terminal nuclear localization signal (NLS),we high expressed and purified this hbFGF form in E.coli strain BL21(DE3).METHODS:The cDNA fragment of the hbFGF amplified by polymerase chain reaction (PCR) was cloned into the expression vector pET3c and expressed in BL21(DE3) by IPTG induction.The expressed hbFGF was purified by ionic exchange and heparin affinity chromatography from the supernatant of bacteria lysate.The mitogenic activity was measured by MTT.RESULTS:The expression level of hbFGF in E.coli was about 20% of the total cellular protein.The appreciable mitogenic activity of the purified hbFGF was comparable to that of hbFGF standard.CONCLUSION:The BL21(DE3)/ pET3c expression system could be used to high express hbFGF lacking NLS.The purified recombinant hbFGF was prepared and sufficient for further study.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of N-acetylcysteine on lung injury induced by cardiopulmonary bypass(CPB) in dogs.MethodsThirty-six healthy adult mongrel dogs of both sexes weighing 15-16 kg were randomly assigned into 2 groups (n =18 each):CPB group (group C) and N-acetylcysteine group(group N).Lung injury was produced by CPB.In group N N-acetylcysteine 150 mg/kg was injected iv immediately before CPB,followed by infusion at 20 mg· kg-1 · h-1 until 60 min after termination of CPB.Blood samples were taken from femoral artery before CPB (T0,baseline),30 and 60 min after termination of CPB (T1,T2 ).Oxygenation index ( OI =PaO2 ÷ FiO2 ) and respiratory index (RI =PA-(a) DO2 ÷ PaO2 ) were calculated.Six animals were sacrificed at each time point.Lung specimens were obtained for microscopic examination,and determination of transforming growth factor-β1 (TGF-β1) mRNA expression,MDA content and SOD activity.ResultsCPB significantly increased RI,MDA content and TGF-β1 mRNA expression and decreased OI and SOD activity at T1 and T2 as compared with the baseline values at T0 in group C.N-acetylcysteine administered before and during CPB significantly attenuated CPB-induced above changes in OI,RI,MDA content,SOD activity and TGF-β1 mRNA expression.Microscopic examination showed that N-acetylcysteine significantly ameriorated CPB-induced lung damage.ConclusionsN-acetylcysteine administered before and during CPB can attenuate CPB-induced lung injury by inhibiting lipid peroxidation response and down-regulating TGF-β1 expression.

Objective To explore the application value of dipstick dye immuno-assay (DDIA) for screening the schistosomiasis chemotherapy targets in the low endemic areas of Xiaogan City.Methods The residents aged 6-65 years in a village in the low endemic areas of schistosomiasis of Xiaogan City were selected and tested by the methods of fecal examination,DDIA,indirect hemagghitination (IHA),enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and inquiry,and the results of fecal examination were determined as the gold standard.Results The Youden' s indices of IHA,DDIA,ELISA and inquiry were 0.74,0.72,0.62 and 0.30,respectively,and the consistency rates of them were 93.38%,91.99%,81.53% and 70.03%,respectively.It took 16.70,4.95,4.12,5.63 and 2.44 Yuan screening one patient with the fecal examination,IHA,DDIA,ELISA and inquiry,respectively.Conclusion The validity of DDIA with simple operation and low cost for screening the schistosomiasis chemotherapy targets is satisfying,and the method is suitable for large scale screening in low endemic areas.

Objective:To analysis the income and expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant women and the catastrophic health expenditure of their households in high AIDS endemic areas in Liangshan prefecture.Methods:From December 2018 to January 2019, a total of 250 pregnant women were recruited from 2 of 17 counties in Liangshan Prefecture, including 133 HIV-positive pregnant women and 117 HIV-negative pregnant women. The data, including basic information of pregnant women, basic information of the family, annual family income in 2017, annual family health expenditure in 2017, and maternal and child-related expenditure in 2017, were collected for analyzing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in the family.Results:The average annual income and average annual health expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant women households were 7 000 CNY and 2 000 CNY, while those of HIV-negative pregnant women households were 10 000 CNY and 3 000 CNY, respectively. Based on the criteria of 15%, 25% and 40%, the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant households was 39.10%, 33.83% and 27.82%, with average differences of 34.84%, 31.17% and 26.65%, respectively, while that of HIV-negative pregnant women households was 38.46%, 33.33% and 23.93%, with average differences of 31.68%, 28.35% and 24.22%, respectively.Conclusion:The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of pregnant households in high AIDS endemic areas in Liangshan prefecture is high. The incidence of HIV-positive families is slightly higher than that of HIV-negative families. We suggest that medical insurance compensation in Liangshan prefecture should be improved to reduce the impact of catastrophic health expenditure.

Objective:To analysis the income and expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant women and the catastrophic health expenditure of their households in high AIDS endemic areas in Liangshan prefecture.Methods:From December 2018 to January 2019, a total of 250 pregnant women were recruited from 2 of 17 counties in Liangshan Prefecture, including 133 HIV-positive pregnant women and 117 HIV-negative pregnant women. The data, including basic information of pregnant women, basic information of the family, annual family income in 2017, annual family health expenditure in 2017, and maternal and child-related expenditure in 2017, were collected for analyzing the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure in the family.Results:The average annual income and average annual health expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant women households were 7 000 CNY and 2 000 CNY, while those of HIV-negative pregnant women households were 10 000 CNY and 3 000 CNY, respectively. Based on the criteria of 15%, 25% and 40%, the incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of HIV-positive pregnant households was 39.10%, 33.83% and 27.82%, with average differences of 34.84%, 31.17% and 26.65%, respectively, while that of HIV-negative pregnant women households was 38.46%, 33.33% and 23.93%, with average differences of 31.68%, 28.35% and 24.22%, respectively.Conclusion:The incidence of catastrophic health expenditure of pregnant households in high AIDS endemic areas in Liangshan prefecture is high. The incidence of HIV-positive families is slightly higher than that of HIV-negative families. We suggest that medical insurance compensation in Liangshan prefecture should be improved to reduce the impact of catastrophic health expenditure.

ObjectiveTo automatically measure the wrist range of motion using the somatosensory capture device Azure Kinect. MethodsAzure Kinect was used to recognize the spatial coordinates of human elbow, wrist, palm, fingertip and other joint points, and the best measurement posture was determined by orthogonal experiment. Holt's double-parameter exponential smoothing method and bone length constraint method were used to smooth the joint point data to eliminate the jitter. The average angle of multiple frames was calculated through the spatial vector relationship to realize the automatic measurement of wrist joint range of motion. From May to October, 2021, 5 times × 10 groups of measurement were performed on each subject of wrist joint of five healthy subjects using the above method. ResultsThe R1 of each subject of wrist joint was between 83 and 127, and the value was in the middle. This method contrasted well with measurements made on augmented reality ruler, 2D images (r > 0.990), and the maximum error was within 1.61°. ConclusionThe wrist joint angle measurement modality using Azure Kinect is consistent to conventional measurement modality, and can meet the requirements of real-time measurement.

Liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry (LC-MS/MS) technology has the characteristics of high specificity and high throughput, making it rapidly applied and developed in the field of clinical testing. Its application in the monitoring of therapeutic drugs can effectively improve the quantitative accuracy and sensitivity, and formulate a personalized and optimal dosing plan for patients. However, this technology still faces some challenges, and automation, quality control, and quantitative traceability will be the future development direction.