Objective To investigate the clinical features of small bowel Crohn's disease(CD).Methods From January 2009 to September 2012,a total of 138 patients diagnosed as CD who underwent examinations of colonoscopy,digestive tract radiography,capsule endoscopy,double-balloon enteroscopy and computed tomography (CT) enterography were enrolled.According to the Montreal Classification criteria,the disease was typed by the age at diagnosis,location of the lesions and behavior of the disease.The clinical symptoms,laboratory examinations,diagnostic methods and recurrence condition were also evaluated.Through the comparison of the clinical features of ileocolonic and colonic CD,the clinical features of small bowel CD were analyzed.Measurement data were analyzed with t-test,analysis of variance or non parametric test.Chi square test was performed for count data.Spearman's correlation analysis was used for correlation analysis and multivariate Logistic regression analysis was used for risk factors screening.Results A total of 62 (44.9％) cases were simple small bowel CD.Fifty-three patients (85.5％) were male,and the mean age at diagnosis was 35.3 years old.The age of 67.7％(42/62) of small bowel CD patients were less than 40 years old when diagnosed.The ratio of stricture in small bowel CD group (35.5％,22/62) was significantly higher than that of ileocolonic (18.8％,6/32) and colonic CD group (13.9％,5/36) (x2=6.594,P=0.037).Jejunal involvement was an independent risk factor for structure in CD (OR=3.481,95％ CI:1.250 to 9.693).The patients with obstructive symptoms as primary symptom in small bowel CD (38.7％,24/62) were more than those with colonic CD (16.7％,6/36) (x2 =5.210,P=0.022).However,patients with diarrhea as primary symptom in small bowel CD (21.0％,13/62) were less than those with ileocolonic (37.5％,12/32) and colonic CD (44.4％,16/36) (x2=6.512,P=0.039).Patients with two or more extraintestinal manifestations in small bowel CD (3.2％,2/62) were also significantly less than those with ileocolonic (15.6％,5/32) and colonic CD (19.4％,7/36) (x2=7.957,P=0.019).The score of CD activity index was generally low,and with no statistical correlation to serum inflammation markers such as C reaction protein.The average time duration between induction of remission and clinical recurrence of small bowel CD ((23.64 ± 17.08) months) was shorter than that of ileocolonic type ((35.07±29.84) months,t=-4.285,P=0.002) and colonic CD ((32.35 ± 28.46) months,t =-3.700,P =0.004).However,there was no significant difference in the rate of clinical recurrence between small bowel CD and ileocolonic,colonic CD.Conclusions Patients with small bowel CD account for a large proportion in patients with CD,especially in males.Stricture is more common in jejunum CD.The time duration between induction of remission and clinical recurrence of small bowel CD is short.

Objective To optimize the soaking treatment method for increasing the germination of Amomum villosum Lour.(AVL) seeds.Methods Nine groups were set up: the control group(without soaking treatment),treatment group 1(soaking AVL seeds with naphthylacetic acid 15 mg/mL for 8 hours),treatment group 2(soaking with gibberellin 100 mg/L for 30 hours) and treatment groups 3~8(soaking with clean water for 8,20,30,40,45 and 50 hours respectively).The sowing amount was 100 grains in each group for each time,and the seeds were planted in the outdoor pot at a planting space of 4cm?4cm.Results Naphthylacetic acid had an obvious inhibition on the germination of AVL seeds and delayed the shooting.Gibberellin promoted the germination and shooting of the seeds.Soaking with clean water for 8 hours had no obvious effect on the seed germination,but soaking for 20~50 hours increased the seed germination to various degrees,in particular soaking for 30~50 hours.Conclusion Soaking with gibberellin or clean water can increase the germination of AVL seeds.This method is simple and practical and economic,and is worth of extensively applying in the sowing and breeding of AVL seeds.

0.05).However,the percentage of patients with cholecystolithiassis was 86.5% in IGC group,and 50.6% in GC group(P=0.000).Besides the percentage of IA stage in IGC group(29.7%) was relatively higher than that(9.0%)in GC group(P=0.03);the surgical resection rate of tumor in IGC group was 56.8% and 32.6% in GC group(P=0.01).Nevertheless,the percentage of advance stage in IGC group(43.2%) was relatively lower than that in GC group(74.2%)(P=0.001).The overall 1,3,and 5-year survival rate of IGC group was 70.0%,31.2% and 26.8% repectively,and the mean survival time was17 months(51?13);which were significantly higher than those in GC group,in which the 1,3,5-year survival rate was 27.0%,17.7% and 15.1% repectively and the mean survival time was(25?8),5 months(all P=0.006).Single factor analysis showed that the survival time in IGC patients was influenced by the TNM stage(P=0.000),pT-category(P=0.000),operation-category(P=0.008);however,postoperative pathological grade(P=0.080),age(P=0.188) and sex(P=0.234) had no influence on survival rate.According to multivariate analysis,pT-category(P=0.000)was an independent factor for the survival time of IGC.Conclusions Comparing with GC group,IGC has a higher percentage of cholecystolithiassis,IA tumor stage and surgical resection rate,and thus,it has relatively better progonosis.pT-category is the vital independent prognostic factor in IGC.If a patient in ICG has been misdiagnosed during the primary operation,the patient should be re-operated for radical excision as soon as possible,except when the tumor is in stage Tis or T1a.

Objective To investigate the incidence and the related factors of the depression in Parkinson's disease. Methods 52 cases with idiopathic Parkinson's disease were included in this study. Such scales as Hamilton depression scale-24 item (HAMD-24), Non Motor Symptoms Scale for Parkinson's disease (NMSS), 39-item Parkinson's Disease Questionnaire (PDQ-39), unified Parkinson's disease rating scale (UPDRS), revised Hoehn-Yahr rating scale (H-Y), revised Schwab and English daily life event scale (S-E), Minimum Mental State Examination (MMSE), etc. were applied and underwent Spearman correlation analysis. Results Thirty-six patients with Parkinson's disease (69.23%) met the criteria for depression. The spearman rank correlation analysis showed that MMSE (r=-0.294, P=0.036) and S-E (r=-0.506, P<0.001) had negative correlation with depression in Parkinson's disease, and the course of the disease (r=0.274, P=0.049), UPDRS (r=0.485, P<0.001), H-Y (r = 0.459, P = 0.001), NMSE (r = 0.729, P < 0.001) and PDQ-39 (r = 0.619, P < 0.001) had positive correlation with depression in Parkinson's disease. Conclusions The patients with Parkinson's disease had high incidence of depression. The depression in Parkinson's disease is associated with many factors and affected the quality of life of the patients.

Objective To investigate the protective effect and its potential molecular mechanism of Nec-1 on cytotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A.Methods MRTEpiC, glomerular endothelial cell MGEC and mesangial cell line MMC were co-administered with Nec-1 and cyclosporin A in mouse renal tubular epithelial cell line, and then MTT assay and soft agar clone formation assay were used to detect Cell growth curve changes, clonal formation ability.Apoptosis was detected by flow cytometry.The expression of cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK2, Cyclin E and apoptosis-related Caspase 3 were detected by Western blot.Results After cyclosporine A action, the cell growth ability was significantly decreased and the clone formation ability was significantly decreased(P<0.05).Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK2 and Cyclin E were significantly increased(P<0.05), but the ratio of apoptosis and the expression of Caspase 3 did not change.Nec-1 has obvious protective effect on cytotoxicity induced by cyclosporine A, which can increase the cell growth ability and clone formation ability, and reduce the cell cycle-related proteins Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK2, Cyclin E.Conclusion Nec-1 has cytotoxic effect on the glomeruli and renal tubular cells by up-regulating the cell cycle-related proteins Cyclin D1, CDK4, CDK2 and Cyclin E, while Nec-1 has protective effect.

Objective To evaluate the quality of pooled platelets leukocytes reduced after filtering out leukocytes using two man-ufacturers of leucocyte filters for pooled platelets and improving the preparation method.Methods Pooled platelets was prepared from 400 mL fresh whole blood by buffy coats(BC)method,after 1 6 h,(22±2)℃ holding period,pooled six bags of ABO-matched buffy coats.and then filtered with two manufacturers of leucocyte filter,divided into the control group and the experimental group. Before and after filtering,the numbers of platelet and leukocyte,pH,hypotonic shock response(HSR),platelet aggregation and CD62p expression were detected.Results Before filtering leukocytes,the platelet quality of two groups achieved the requirements of Chinese standards.The numbers of platelet and leukocyte,pH,CD62p expression(%)and platelet aggregation showed no signifi-cant difference between two groups(P >0.05).However,After filtering,the pH,platelet aggregation and the platelet recovery,the experimental group and the control group,were (6.53±0.60)vs(7.00±0.06)、(5.5±3.8)% vs (77.4±14.7)%,(86.8±4.3)%vs (90.6±2.7)%,showed significant differences (P <0.05);but the residual leukocytes,HSR and CD62p expression respectively were (3.00±4.00)×10 6/ bag vs (2.00±3.00)×10 6/ bag,(2.40±0.90)% vs (2.00±0.80)%,(7.30±5.90)% vs (5.60 ±3. 70)%,there were no significant differences(P >0.05).Conclusion The quality of pooled platelets leukocytes is reduced,after filte-ring out leukocytes with two manufacturers of leucocyte filters and improving the preparation method,achieves the requirements of Chinese standards.However,the leukocyte filters of experimental group might have influence on platelet aggregation and pH.

There is a unclear understanding whether occupatioal therapy is needed by patients whohave injuries or diseases.113 cases of patients with different diagnoses were interviewed in this study. The measurement tool used was Canadian Occupational Performance Measure (COPM).Statistical anal-ysis showed that all of patients had identified and prioritized problems with occupational performancesecondary to injuries or diseases. Occupational therapy intervention was required to solve the problemsin different occupational performance areas. COPM is an useful measurment tool in the model of patient-centered occupational therapy and is well worth recommending in clinical use.

ObjectiveTo unify the definitions of colonoscopic characteristics of Crohn disease (CD) and intestinal tuberculosis ( ITB),and to evaluate colonoscopic and clinical features in the differential diagnosis of CD and ITB.MethodsA collaborative group composed of 10 experts from 5 hospitals voted to identify and confirm the colonoscopic characteristics.Clinical and colonoscopic characteristics were analyzed,thereafter,characteristics were scored based on different diagnostic specificity.ROC curve was used for determining the cutoff point to differentiate CD from ITB.ResultsFirstly,standard endoscopic images and descriptions were determined.Secondly,colonoscopic parameters which were significantly different between the CD and ITB patients included the follows:involvement of more than four intestinal segments,anorectal involvement,longitudinal ulcers,cobblestone appearance and transverse ulcers.Clinical findings which were significantly different between the CD and ITB patients included active pulmonary tuberculosis,PPD-test strong positive,anal fistula/perianal abscess and extra-intestinal manifestations in CD.4.4％(6/136) patients were confirmed by histological evidence of caseating granulomas.By using our scoring system,39.7％ (54/136) confirmed diagnoses and 18.4％ (25/136) suspected diagnoses were made in patients without histological evidence.ConclusionIdentification of colonoscopic characteristics and unification of the colonscopic diagnostic criteria were helpful in the differential diagnosis between CD and ITB.The differential diagnosis rate could he improved by using the scoring system.Half cases could not be confirmed even with combined pathology and the scoring system,so a more comprhensive scoring system would be warranted.

BACKGROUND: Nicotine, which is a known central nervous system stimulant, appears to be the neuroprotective factor of Parkinson disease(PD). It has been reported that PD patients' symptoms such as trembling,rigor, hypokinesia are ameliorated during smoking, but its mechanism still keeps unclear.OBJECTIVE: To observe the effects of nicotine on gene expression levels of dopamine D1 and D2 receptors (D1R,D2R)in striatum of rats and analyze the possible mechanism of behavioral changes of rats induced by nicotine.DESIGN:Randomized and controlled experiment.SETTING:Institute of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital, Central South University.MATERIALS :Twenty-four SD rats aged at 10 weeks were chosen,weighing 180-200 g. Nicotine (Sigma),revert AidTM M-Mulv reverse transcriptase (MBI Fermentas,USA), polymerase chain reaction (RCR,Beckman),densitometric scanning imaging system (Stratagene Eagle Eye Ⅱ ,USA).METHODS :This experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Institute of Neurology, Xiangya Hospital,Central South University from July 2001 to July 2002. These rats were divided into two groups: control group (n=12)and nicotine group(n=12). The level of D1 and D2 receptors on striatum of rats was estimated at the timepoint of thirty-minute after chronic nicotine administration (4 mg/kg per day s.c.), and the behavioral activities were also recorded at the same timepoint for thirty minutes. The functional behavioral activities recorded included: rearing up repeatedly, moving about, provoking, climbing, grooming, yawning, rotating, smelling and vomiting. At the fourteenth day, all rats were killed after thirty minutes of nicotine injection,the brains were dissected out and the region of striatum was separated immediately. Total RNA was extracted from striatum by RNeasy Total RNA Kit. PCR amplification was performed at special condition. For semi-quantitative analysis, 10 μ L of PCR products for each was examined by electrophoresis on 12 g/L agarose gel containing 0.5 mg/L ethidium bromide,and absorbance (A value) was quantitated by using densitometric scanning imaging system, thuse D1R,D2R mRNA expression were determined. Differences between means were analyzed with two-tailed student's t test.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURFS: Changes of locomotor activities and the gene mRNA expression levels of D1 R and D2R in the regions of striatum in rats.RESULTS: Totally 24 SD rats were involved in the final results.① Locomotor activities of rats become more active after 3-day nicotine administration and reach the top during 7-14 days.②The A value of total RNA ratio of A260/A280 ＞1.8, and the total RNA had no degradation with 12 g/L agarose gels electrophoresis. ③As expected, PCR amplification product lengths of D1R, D2R,βA were 350 bp, 399 bp, 218 bp respectively. A significant increase of 23% of D1R mRNA expression in the region of striatum detected in the nicotine group compared with that of control group (98.63±1.13 and 65.29±1.45 seperately,P ＜ 0.01), no difference was detected on the level of D2R mRNA expression in the same regions above (76.73±1.45 and 78.21±1.69 respectively ,P ＞ 0.05 ).CONCLUSION: Nicotine may induce changes of locomotor activities of rats by up-regulating D1R mRNA expression in striatum.

Objective To explore the changes and their clinical significance of peripheral blood myeloid-derived suppressor cells (MDSC)and their subtypes in patients with inflammatory bowel disease (IBD).Methods From April 2016 to April 2017,99 hospitalized IBD patients in 2nd Xiangya Hospital of Central South University were enrolled as observation group one,which included 84 Crohn's disease (CD) (70 in active phase and 14 in remission phase)and 15 patients with ulcerative colitis(UC).At the same period,32 healthy controls were enrolled as healthy control group one.The proportion of peripheral blood MDSC and subtypes of CD patients,UC patients and healthy controls were examined.Observation group two including 62 IBD patients (47 CD and 15 UC)were selected from observation group one and 21 healthy individuals were selected from healthy control group one as healthy control.The serum levels of tumor necrosis factorα(TNF-α)and interleukin 8 (IL-8)were detected.Chi square test,t test and one-way analysis of variance were performed for statistical analysis.Pearson correlation was performed for correlation analysis.Results The proportion of MDSC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CD and UC patients of observation group one were both higher than that of healthy control group one ((6 .30 ± 3.97)% and (7.50±3.12)% vs.(3.94±2.25)%,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t＝-3.22 and -3.21,both P＜0.01).The proportion of granulocytic MDSC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CD patients was higher than that of UC patients and healthy control group one ((65.69±20.45)% vs.(50.93±13.56)% and (51.50±11.61)%,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t＝2 .93 and 3 .79 ,both P＜0 .01 ).The proportion of monocytic MDSC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of UC patients was higher than that of CD patients and healthy control group one ((28.41±18.33)% vs.(18.38±17.43)% and (28.17±10.22)%,respectively),and the differences were statistically significant (t＝2.22 and 2.93,both P＜0.05 ).The proportion of granulocytic MDSC was higher and the proportion of monocytic MDSC was lower in peripheral blood mononuclear cells of CD patients in active phase than those of CD patients in remission phase ((67 .36 ± 2.27)% vs.(46.49±6.32)%,and (17.19±2.02)% vs.(34.33±6.12)%),and the differences were statistically significant (t＝3.60 and 3.26,both P＜0.01).The serum level of TNF-αof CD patients of observation group two was higher than that of UC patients and healthy control group two ((7.83± 6.54)ng/L vs.(4.77±2.12)ng/L and (4.40±2.05)ng/L),and the differences were statistically significant (t＝2.01 and 2.53,both P＜0.05).The serum level of IL-8 of UC patients of observation group two was higher than that of CD patients and healthy control group two ((65.80±45.14)ng/L vs. (25.80±22.32)ng/L and (26.40±22.37)ng/L),and the differences were statistically significant (t＝4.87 and 4.21,both P＜0.01).Granulocytic MDSC was positively correlated with TNF-α(r＝0.319, P＝0 .0 1 1 )and was negatively correlated with IL-8 (r＝-0 .2 9 6 ,P＝0 .0 1 9 ).Monocytic MDSC was negatively correlated with TNF-α(r＝-0.260,P＝0.040)and was positively correlated with IL-8 (r＝0.306,P＝0.016).Conclusions The proportion of granulocytic MDSC in peripheral blood mononuclear cells significantly increases in active CD patients,while the proportion of monocytic MDSC significantly increases in UC and CD patients in remission phase.Detection of MDSC and their subtypes maybe helpful in the differentiation of CD and UC as well as the diagnosis and treatment of CD.