China ; General Surgery ; history ; History, 20th Century

China ; Surgery/*history

Objective To investigate the role and expression of serum substance P (SP) in the patients with breast cancer.Methods The quantity of serum SP by using ELISA in 21 patients with breast cancer (breast cancer group) and 10 healthy women (control group) were detected,the data were analyzed according to AJCC guide line.Results The positive rate of serum SP in breast cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group [57.1％ (12/21) vs.0] (P ＜ 0.01).The level of serum SP in breast cancer group was significantly higher than that in control group [(240.14 ± 435.04) ng/L vs.(16.80 ± 11.74) ng/L](t =2.9852,P ＜ 0.01).There was no relationship between serum SP and estrogen receptor in the patients with breast cancer (t =0.1856,P ＞ 0.05).The level of serum SP showed significantly difference according to AJCC stages respectively (F =3.24,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The level of serum SP in the patients with breast cancer increase and may play a role in the progress of breast cancer.

Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the most common malignant cancer in China. The size of HCC can be categorized into 4 grades: (1) micro-HCC, the diameter of the HCC is ≤2 cm; (2) small HCC, the diameter of the HCC is between 2 and 5 cm; (3) large HCC, the diameter of the HCC is between 5 and 10 cm; (4) giant HCC, the diameter of the HCC is > 10 era. The new classification helps to choose the appropriate methods and to analyze the curative effect for various kinds of HCC respectively. The resection of large and giant HCC is safe and feasible. During the past 20 years, we have modified and innovated some techniques of HCC surgery, including hepatectomy without dissecting the hepatic hilus, increasing the safety time limit of portal pedicle occlusion from 15-20 minutes to 20-60 minutes, in situ bepatectomy with occlusion of hepatoduodenal ligament and infrahepatic vena cava, and double hanging maneuver techniques. The techniques mentioned above improved the bleeding control of hepatectomy, and enhanced the long-term survival rate of HCC patients.

Mental Health Law has specify the mental disorder patients’ informed consent right,but in practice, the problems,the mental health status of patients, namely the families’ right of subrogation exercise,“loss of self-control or deny having mental disorder”, have prevented the exercising of informed consent right. Therefore,it is necessary to effectively solve this plight of rebuilding a harmonious relationship between doctors and patients,estab-lishing mentally disordered patients’ right to advance directives, especially choosing the instrument of assessing the individual’ s capacity to consent.

Layered anatomy is a both ancient and novel conception, which is derived from topographic anatomy.Topographic anatomy and phylembryogenesis are basic academic knowledges of layered anatomy.With the development of laparoscopic surgery and robotic surgery, less bleeding, more meticulous dissection, faster postoperative recovery and lower recurrence rate are required in surgical operation, because of which layered anatomy is mentioned and valued again.Organs in abdominal cavity are composed of different layered tissues,between them are loose connective tissues which are poor in vessels.Layered anatomy in surgical operation can avoid the en bloc dissection of organs, which not only reach total lesion dissection, but also avoid hurting surrounded normal tissues, showing the best surgical results.

Objective To observe the effects of octreotide combined with enzyme supplementation in treatment of pain in chronic pancreatitis. Methods Fifty-six patients were divided into two groups. Thirty-six patients in the treatment group were treated with octreotide combined with enzyme supplementation,and twenty patients in the control group were treated with enzyme supplementation alone. The pain relief rate,analgesic requirement per day and average days in hospital were analyzed between the two groups. Results Compared with the control group,the treatment group presented better improvement of abdominal pain(P〈0. 05),less requirement of analgesics(P〈0. 05),and shorter duration in hospital(P〈0. 05). Conclusion Octreotide combined with enzyme supplementation is effective in alleviating pain and improving quality of life in patients with chronic pancreatitis.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of the 3-D surface reconstruction by multislice spiral CT(MSCT) technique in the diagnosis of impacted teeth in maxilla.Methods:Eighty two cases with impacted teeth in maxilla were examined with volumetric CT scan using MSCT,the dental reconstruction images were obtained with multiplanar reformation technique and 3D-reconstruction technique.Results:Dental surface 3D-reconstruction image could display the shape,location and eruption orientation of the impacted teeth clearly.Conclusion:3-D surface reconstruction by MSCT can provide valuable diagnostic and anatomic information of the impacted teeth in maxilla.

Objective:The study focused on detecting the expression of Twist,HIF-1? and HBx in primary liver cancer(PLC) and assessment their relativity.Methods:The expression of Twist,HIF-l? and HBx in 33 cases of PLC and thein paracancerous tissues were examinated with immunohistochemical location technique.Seventeen health control subjects were included in the study. Results:The incidence of Twist,HIF-1?and HBx expression was 93.9%,72.7% and 81.8% in 33cases of PLC,respectively.The positive percentage of Twist in paracancerous tissues was 54.5%.A significant difference was found between the expression of tumor and paracancerous tissures (P

OBJECTIVE To provide evidence for decision on the risk factors of nosocomial infection in diabetes.METHODS To search CMBdisc and CHKD supplemented by information from trial registers,8 epidemiological studies on the risk factors of nosocomial infection on diabetes from 1997 to 2004 were analyzed synthetically by meta analysis.RESULTS Through analysis age,course,hospitalization days,blood sugar,wound check,and(antibiotics) utilization were of the significant statistical difference.Risk,sex and complication were of no significant statistical difference.CONCLUSIONS The factors of nosocomial infection on diabetes are age,course,(hospitalization) days,blood sugar,wound check,and antibiotics utilization.But this meta analysis only included domestic(papers).There need enough evidence to support the result and may justify further research.