Keap1 -Nrf2/ARE pathway plays a wide role of cell protection function in anti-tumor,antistress,anti-apoptosis,anti-inflammatory response.It has become a focus of the neuroprotective effects in nervous system.We will review on the latest research of Keap1-Nrf2/ARE pathways in cerebral ischemia.It will provide a basis for the prevention and treatment of central nervous system.

Aerospace nutrition and food hygiene is a subject elucidating the effect of aerospace envi-ronment on nutrition and food hygiene which is closely related to health of flight personnel. The teaching work should be in the aim of raising battle effectiveness and enforcing the primary professional capability of students. The most required theory and techniques in both peacetime and wartime was the priority of teach-ing fulfilling mainly through practical or in-site learning. The examination was composed of test paper, ex-periments and health propaganda. The teaching evaluation relied on feed-back of the army on which the teaching plan was revised. Survey in three straight years indicated the exploration enhanced teaching quality significantly.

Objective To summarize and analyze regularities in clinical use of acupoint application for headache. Method Fifth version Chinese Medical Classics database was searched. Thirty-three library-stored ancient books were searched manually. The ancient literature included for the study was sorted out. Descriptive statistical analysis was made of classification, point selection, used medicine, excipients and dosage forms for acupoint application for headache. Result A total of 51 pieces of literature was included. Statistical analysis showed that there were nine kinds of disease names, three types of classification-based treatment, eight acupoints, fifty kinds of medicines, eight hinds of excipients and five kinds of dosage forms. Conclusion Headache is the most basic nomenclature for pains in the head. Classification-based treatment fully embodies the idea of treatment based on disease differentiation mainly in combination with syndrome differentiation. Point Taiyang is the main point for local selection of point. The most frequently selected medicines are those of going through meridians, opening the orifices, unblocking collaterals and having thick smells. Blistering medicines are used cautiously. Scallion juice is most frequently used as excipients. Medicinal cakes are dosage forms most suitable for acupoint application for headache.

Objective To explore the feasibility of team-based learning (TBL) for practice teaching of the aerospace nutrition and food hygiene.Methods A total of 90 students were investigated,and were divided into the TBL group (n=46) and the TL group (n=44) by simple random sampling.After the experiment teaching,a test and questionnaire were used to compare the teaching effect of TBL group and TL group.SPSS 18.0 was used for date and the data was analyzed by Independent-Samples t test and Chi-square test.Results Students in TBL group achieved higher mean test scores (85.70 ± 3.47) compared with students (74.10±2.41) in TL group and the difference was statistically significant (t=8.703,P=0.000).The results of the questionnaire showed that,compared with the TL group,TBL group students more agreed with the positive impact of the teaching methods on their team work ability,interpersonal skills,communication ability,problem-solving and self-learning and other aspects,and the differences between two groups were statistically significant (P＜0.05).In addition,the majority of the respondents in TBL group [93.5％ (43/46)] were satisfied with TBL.Conclusions TBL teaching is better than the TL teaching,and it can significantly improve students' comprehension of knowledge and enhance their learning effect.

Objective To compare the short-term prognostic value of glycohemoglobin (HbA1c) and admission plasma glucose in non-diabetic patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction.Methods Eighty-four non-diabetic patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction from January 2010 to June 2011 were included.Both HbA1c and plasma glucose was measured on admission.Cardiovascular event was followed up in 30 days.Results The average of HbA1c and admission plasma glucose was as cut-off point.The patients were divided into HbA1c ＜ 5.5％ group (40 cases) and HbA1c ≥5.5％ group (44 cases) according to HbA1c level.The patients were divided into admission plasma glucose ≤ 8.6 mmol/L group (42 cases) and admission plasma glucose ＞ 8.6 mmol/L group (42 cases) according to admission plasma glucose.The incidence of cardiovascular event in 30 days in admission plasma glucose ＞ 8.6 mmol/L group was higher than that in admission plasma glucose ≤ 8.6 mmol/L group [19.0％ (8/42) vs.2.4％ (1/42)],and there was significant difference(P＜ 0.05).There was no significant difference in the incidence of cardiovascular event in 30 days between HbA1c ≥5.5％ group and HbA1c ＜ 5.5％ group (P ＞ 0.05).Admission plasma glucose showed weak correlation with blood creatine kinase isoenzyme MB peak (r =0.233,P ＜0.05).Conclusion In non-diabetic patients with acute ST-elevation myocardial infarction,elevated admission plasma glucose levels are associated with higher cardiovascular event in 30 days.

Objective To explore the efficiency and safety of fondaparinux and low molecular weight heparin(LMWH) on the elder patients with non-ST-segnent elevation acute coronary syndromes (NSTE-ACS).Methods One hundred and forty patients over 75 years old with NSTE-ACS were randomly divided into treatment group(n =70) and control group (n =70).Patients in treatment group were given the conventional treatment combined with fondaparinux,and in control group were given the basis of conventional treatment combined with LMWH.The therapeutic efficacy,the cardiovascular events at 4 d,7 d and 30 d during the treatment and bleeding incidence rate were observed.Reslts There was no statistically significant difference between the treatment group and control group in the total effective rate (x2 =0.475,P ＞ 0.05.Meanwhile,no significant differences were found between the two groups in cardiovascular events at 4 d,7 d and 30 d (x2 =0.257,0.475 and 0.317,P ＞0.05).The incidence rate of bleeding in treatment group was obviously lower than that in control group and there was statistically significant difference (2.9％ vs.31.4％ ; x2 =20.115,P ＜0.01).Conclusion The effectiveness of fondaparinux used in elderly patients with non-ST-segment elevation acute coronary syndromes is similar with LMWH,but the incidence rate of bleeding is lower than LMWH.

The relationship between 5-HT receptor and a-adrenoceptor was investigated in rat medullary slice preparations. In 57 nucleus tractus solitarii (NTS) neurons, 47 (82.5%) responded to both serotonin (5-HT) and norepinephrine (NE). After synapse transmission was blocked by perfusion of artificial cerebrospinal fluid (ACSF) with low calcium and high magnesium, 5 in 8 neurons were still sensitive to both 5-HT and NE. On the other hand, 3 in 5 neurons responding only to 5-HT or NA were sensitive to both 5-HT and NE after the synapse transmission blockage. In some neurons which exhibited excitatory or inhibitory responses to 5-HT or NE alone, the responses were inversed when perfused with 5-HT and NE in combination. These results suggest that there may exist an inhibitory interaction between 5-HT receptors and a-adrenoceptors in NTS and that most 5-NT and a-adrenoceptors coexist in the same NTS neurons.

Purpose Changes of hepatic perfusion and volume of normal adults living at different altitudes are investigated with hepatic perfusion imaging using multi-slice spiral CT to explore the perfusion status of normal human liver in hypoxia condition, and to provide the basis for the diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases. Materials and Methods Sixty volunteers were divided into three groups according to altitude:22 cases in group A with altitude from 2260 to 3100 meters, 20 cases in group B with altitude from 3260 to 4100 meters, and 18 cases in group C with altitude from 4260 to 5260 meters, time-density curves within the ROI was drawn with hepatic hilar region as the center, and hepatic artery perfusion (HAP), portal vein perfusion (PVP), total hepatic perfusion (TLP), hepatic arterial perfusion index (HPI) were calculated using deconvolution method;and point circle method was used to measure the volume of liver manually. Results HAP of group A, B, C were (10.50±3.62) ml/(100 ml · min), (15.03±4.27) ml/(100 ml · min) and (18.39±7.20) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, and there was significant difference between group A and group C (P<0.05);PVP of three groups were (138.78±14.29) ml/(100 ml · min), (80.42±16.80) ml/(100 ml · min), and (63.78±7.79) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, signiifcant differences (P<0.05) can be detected for the comparison between each two of them; TLP of the three groups were (149.30±15.55) ml/(100 ml · min), (95.57±18.75) ml/(100 ml · min) and (82.19±10.56) ml/(100 ml · min) respectively, statistically signiifcant differences (P<0.05) can also be found for the comparison between each two of them. HPI of the three groups were 7.00±2.17, 16.27±4.22 and 22.05±7.90 respectively, statistically signiifcant differences (P<0.05) were observed for the comparison between each two of them;liver volume of the three groups were (1173.5±155.2) cm3, (1282.9±362.2) cm3 and (1525.4±352.2) cm3, difference between group A and group C was statistically signiifcant (P<0.05). Conclusion Liver perfusion can be affected by altitude, with the altitude increasing, HAP and HPI will also raise gradually, while PVP and TLP will decrease accordingly, indicating that hypoxia environment due to high altitude will do certain damage on the liver. MSCT perfusion imaging is able to relfect the hemodynamic changes of liver, thus is useful in clinical diagnosis and treatment of liver diseases.

Objective To investigate whether soluble lectin-like oxidized low-density lipoprotein receptor-1 (sLOX-1) as the early diagnostic biomarker of acute ST elevation myocardial infarction (STEAMI).Methods Sixty-five patients with STEAMI and 30 patients with stable coranary heart disease or other heart disease(control group) were enrolled as our subjects.Serum sLOX-1 levels were measured.Results The median(P25,P75) of Serum sLOX-1 in the patients with STEMI were 210.0 (130.0,356.0) ng/L,significantly higher than that of control group(65.5 (55.2,85.2) ng/L,Z =6.17,P ＜ 0.001).Logistic regression analysis revealed that sLOX-1 alone was an independent factor associated with STEAMI (B =0.036,P ＜ 0.001).The area under the ROC curve of sLOX-1 for detecting STEMI was 0.895,and 95％ CI was 0.831-0.959 (P＜0.001).Taking sLOX-1 =87.5 ng/L as cut-off value,the sensitivity was 89.6％ and specificity was 82.4％for the diagnosis of STEAMI.Conclusion Serum sLOX-1 was significantly higher in the STEAMI and it might served as the early diagnostic marker for STEAMI.