The explosive terror attack is the most frequent in all terror activities in the world. The authors reviewed its current situation and the challenges we are confronted with in China and elsewhere. In the present paper, the types, characteristics and emergency medical support (particularly classifying and emergency treatment, triage, transportation and evacuation, seeking and unearthing for buried victims) of explosive injuries in explosive attack site were systematically expounded.

Objective:To investigate the effects of fasting blood glucose levels on the quality of myocardial metabolism imaging via positron emission tomography/X-ray computed tomography(PET/CT)in patients with coronary heart disease.Methods:A total of 78 patients with coronary heart disease from 2019 to 2020 undergone 18-fluorine deoxyglucose( 18F-FDG)PET/CT myocardial imaging in Beijing Anzhen Hospital were retrospectively analyzed, with 64 patients meeting the inclusion criteria eventually enrolled in this study.All patients fasted over 8 hours and were injected with insulin and 18F-FDG following an oral glucose load.Then myocardial imaging evaluations were performed.Depending on whether the myocardial image quality(IQ)offered a match with clinical diagnosis, a score between 0-2 from the semiquantitative scoring system was defined as good IQ, while a score between 3-4 defined as poor IQ.Differences in sex, age, rate of diabetes, body mass index, fasting blood glucose(FBG), glycosylated hemoglobin, glycosylated serum albumin, triglycerides and free fatty acids, lipid-regulating drugs, and oral antidiabetic medications were analyzed between the good( n=55)and poor( n=19)image groups, and risk factors were examined. Results:The diabetes mellitus rate was higher in the poor group than in the good group(63.2% vs.33.3%, χ2=4.872, P=0.027). FBG, glycosylated hemoglobin and glycosylated serum albumin levels in the poor group were increased compared with the good group[7.67(6.02, 11.64)mmol/L vs.5.52(4.97, 6.37)mmol/L, 7.30(6.43, 8.70)% vs.6.20(5.60, 6.87)%, 19.8(15.1, 24.1)% vs.14.8(13.9, 16.8)%, U=-3.909, -2.419 and -3.042, P<0.001, P=0.016 and 0.002, respectively]. Multivariate Logistic regression analysis showed that FBG was an independent risk factor for poor imaging( OR=1.62, 95% CI: 1.19-2.20, P=0.002). The area under the receiver operator characteristic(ROC)curve for FBG was 0.811(95% CI: 0.69-0.93, P<0.001), and the cut-off value for FBG was 6.66 mmol/L. Conclusions:FBG is an independent risk factor for myocardial image quality.Patients with diabetes mellitus should rigorously control their blood glucose levels.

Objective To observe the pharmacological function about anti-clotting, lipid-reducing and anti-hypoxia of Maiping Tablets. Methods The experimental thrombus model of rats was made to observing anti-clotting function of Maiping Tablets. The high blood lipid syndrome model of rats was made to observing lipid-lowering function of Maiping Tablets. The mice anti-hypoxia experiment was taken to observing the function of hypoxia tolerance. Results Maiping Tablets could prolong clotting time, significantly decrease serum total and low-density lipoprotein cholesterol, increase high-density lipoprotein cholesterol, and increase the viability of laboratory mice under ordinary pressure. Conclusion Maiping Tablets has good effect of anticoagulation, lipid-reducing and anti-hypoxia.

Objective To study the relationship between neurodevelopment and early nutritional status of very low birth weight(VLBW)infants in NICU.Methods VLBW infants admitted to NICU of our hospital from January 2013 to December 2014 and received regular follow-up management at our high-risk infant outpatient clinic were retrospectively studied. All infantsˊdevelopmental quotient ( DQ) were evaluated at 3 months of corrected gestational age ( cGA) . DQ ≥130 was defined as excellent, 115-129 above medium, 85-114 medium, 70 -84 below medium and ≤69 abnormal. According to their DQ scores, infants were assigned into two groups, normal neurodevelopment group ( DQ≥85 ) and abnormal neurodevelopment group ( DQ<85 ) . Nutritional status during hospitalization between the two groups were compared.Results A total of 125 VLBW infants were recruited.At three months of cGA, 2 cases ( 1. 6℅) had excellent DQ score; 3 ( 2. 4℅) above medium; 63 ( 50. 4℅) medium;57 (45. 6℅) below medium. 68 cases (54. 4℅) in the normal development group and 57 (45. 6℅) in the abnormal group. The total energy intake, the proportion of enteral energy supply on 4 d, 7 d, 14 d after birth and amino acid supply on 4 d, 7 d were significantly higher in the normal neurodevelopment group than the abnormal group (P<0. 05). Comparing with the abnormal group, weight loss of VLBW infants in the normal neurodevelopment group was less; the time needed to reach birth weight and exclusive enteral nutrition in the normal neurodevelopment group was shorter. The differences were statistically significant between the two groups(P<0.05).Conclusions VLBW infantsˊearly nutritional status may influence their neurodevelopmental outcome.

Objective_To investigate the effect of estrogen(E2) on different age rat groups of Parkinson’s disease (PD) models induced by Rotenone and its mechanism.Methods_24-month-old SD rats(high age group)and 12-week-age SD rats( low age group ) were divided into control group ( saline ) , Rotenone treatment group ( Rotenone 2 mg/kg), Estrogen treatment group(Rotenone 2 mg/kg and E2 1 mg/kg)and Tamoxifen treatment group(Rote-none 2 mg/kg, E2 1 mg/kg and Tamoxifen 1 mg/kg).Behavior tests were carried out to observe the change of movement function, Immunohistochemistry and Western blot were used to assess the changes of TH and LC-3. HPLC-ECD was used to detect possible changes of monoamine neurotransmitters in striatum.Results_1) Rotenone reduced significantly old age rat’s rotarod latencies and prolonged the climbing pole time(P<0.05).E2 ameliorated this effect, Tamoxifen reduced the effect of E2.2) Rotenone significantly reduced the number of TH positive cells in
high age rats(P<0.05), E2 partly restored TH positive cell loss, Tamoxifen reduced this effect of E2, so did the ex-pression of TH protein.3)Rotenone increased the expression of LC-3(P<0.05), E2 did not affect the expression of LC-3, so did Tamoxifen.4)Rotenone significantly decreased the level of DA and its metabolite DOPAC(P<0.05), elevated the level of 5-HT especially in old rats(P<0.05).E2 downregulated the influence, and Tamoxifen reduced the effect of E2.5)Rotenone increased the number of autophagosomes, but E2 increased the proportion of autolyso-somes/autophagosomes.Conclusions_Old age rat PD model was more reliable.Estrogen promoted autophagy ma-ture, and had obvious therapeutic effect on rat PD model induced by rotenone.

Objective To investigate the linearity on testing creatinine in various assay instntments,in order to evaluate creatinine testing ability of clinical laboratories. Methods Statistically standard linearity and nonlinearity were judged via polynomial regression analysis recommended by EP6-A guideline. The imprecision of analytical data were analyzed and the average deviation of best fitting curve from linearity were determined by Dr. Kroll's EP6-A extended methods. In accordance with the instruments used, the testing data were divided into four groups: Beckman LX (28 Labs), Beckman CX ( 14 Labs), Hitachi (62 Labs)and Olympus (72 Labs) groups. Results This research found that in samples analyzed by Beckman LX,Beckman CX, Hitachi and Olympus instruments, the imprecision ranged from 0. 30%-3.01%, 0.09%-3.46%, 0. 14%-4. 91% and 0. 17% -16. 44%, respectively. The imprecision in one laboratory in Olympus group exceeded the acceptable limit, while the imprecision in the remaining laboratories were precision for linear survey. The average deviations of best fitting curve from linearity ranged from 0%-2. 38%, 0%-2. 51%, 0% -5.46% and 0% -4. 66%, respectively. The linearity with statistical significance were 21.4% (6/28), 35.7% (5/14), 11.3% (7/62) and 18. 1% (13/72), respectively. The linearity with clinical significance were 78.6% (22/28), 64. 3% (9/14), 88. 7% (55/62) and 80. 6% (58/72), respectively.The percentages of laboratories whose creatinine testing met the linearity criteria were 100% (28/28),100% ( 14/14 ), 100% ( 62/62 ) and 98. 6% ( 71/72 ), respectively. Conclusion Majority of the laboratories involved in the linearity survey present good capability for creatinine testing.

To obtain the aptamers with high affinity and specificity for cyclosporin A(CsA),a synthesized 78 nt single stranded DNA(ssDNA)random library containing 35 random sequences flanked by invariant primer was subjected to 1 1 rounds of selection against CsA by SELEX protocol.Magnetic beads were used for target immobilization and the biotin-streptavidin-horseradish peroxidase system was employed for determining the binding affinity between the aptamers and CsA. After ten rounds of selection and amplification, with an increasing affinity for each round,the selected aptamers were cloned,sequenced and analyzed for their primaryand secondary structures.The 19 aptamers were divided into five groups based on primary sequence homology.Hairpin loop is the main motif in the predicted secondary structure and is supposed to be the binding part of the aptamers to CsA.The CsA-specific aptamers will be useful for enzyme-linked assays or immunofluorescence asses of CsA.

Objective To evaluate the diagnosis and treatment of cystic renal cell carcinoma and to improve the preoperative diagnosis and curative rate of the disease. Methods Ten cases of cystic renal cell carcinoma were retrospectively analyzed in the aspects of imaging and pathologic characteristics. There were 7 males and 3 females with average age of 56 years old (ranging from 38--74 years old) in this study. There were 3 cases complained of sore waist, 7 cases were found renal masses in annual physical examination and 2 cases had the history of renal cysts. The cyst diameter was 3.5 8.2 cm. Six cases had been diagnosed with ultrasound and 7 cases had been diagnosed with CT scan pre-operatively. Eight eases were diagnosed with frozen section during operation. All the 10 cases accepted radical nephreetomies. Results The post-operative histological diagnosis showed that there were 9 cases of clear cell carcinoma and 1 case of granular cell carcinoma. The pathological character istics were tumor necrosis of renal cell carcinoma in 6 cases, multilocular cystic renal cell carcinoma in 2 cases and carcinoma in renal cyst in 2 cases. Eight patients followed up from 6 months to 5 years. Six patients were still alive (mean 28.5 months). Conclusion The keys to improve the diagnosis and curative rate of the cystic renal cell carcinoma are paying attention to the pre-operative imaging study, the intra-operative frozen section examination and histopathology results.

Objective To perform calibration verification for the blood glucose test in Hitachi and Olympus automatic biochemistry analyzers and present a method of calibration verification and evaluate the results.Methods The glucose test results were divided into two groups:Hitachi and Olympus groups according to the different analytical instruments.The calibration verification was performed following the current College of American Pathologists strategies.The slope and intercept of the calibration line were tested by one-sample t test and the percentage differences were calculated.The percentage differences were compared with allowable errors.If the slope and intercept had no statistically significant difference from 1 and 0 respectively and the percentage differences were within the limits of allowable errors,the calibration line was evaluated as verified 1 ; if the slope and intercept had no statistically significant difference from 1 and 0 respectively and at least one of the percentage differences exceeded the limits of allowable errors,the calibration line was evaluated as different 1 ; if the slope or intercept had statistically significant difference from 1 and 0 respectively and the percentage differences were within the limits of allowable errors,the calibration line was evaluated as verified 2; if the slope or intercept had statistically significant difference from 1 and 0 respectively and at least one of the percentage differences exceeded the limits of allowable errors,the calibration line was evaluated as different 2.Results In Hitachi group,verified 1,different 1,verified 2 and different 2 were 5.4％ ( 4/74 ),0.0％ ( 0/74 ),68.9％ ( 51/74 ) and 25.7％ ( 19/74 ),respectively.In Olympus group,verified 1,different 1,verified 2 and different 2 were 16.4％ (12/73),0.0％ (0/73),58.9％ (43/73) and 24.7％ ( 18/73 ),respectively.Conclusions The current College of American Pathologist strategies could be performed as a reasonable and feasible method for calibration verification.Most of participating laboratories ( 74.8％,110/147 passed the assessment of calibration verification.

Objective To compare the effect of retroperitoneoscopic ureterolithotomy (RPUL) and ureteroscopic lithotripsy (URL) for upper ureteral calculi.Methods One hundred and twenty cases treated by RPUL and 108 cases by URL from January 2002 to October 2012 were reviewed.In RPUL and URL group,the diameter of stone was (1.56 ± 0.52) cm vs (1.44 ± 0.46) cm,ipsilateral hydronephrosis was (2.85 ± 0.86) cm vs (2.76 ± 0.82) cm,body mass index was (23.65 ± 2.80) kg/m2 vs (22.54 ± 2.68) kg/m2.There were no signficant differences.Data on the operation time,the hospital stay after operation,the operation,successsful rate,complication incidence and stone-free rate were compared between the 2 groups.Results Comparisons between RPUL group and URL group included the following:the operation time was (75.5 ± 25.8) min vs (62.5 ± 15.3) min,the hospital stay after operation was (6.2 ± 1.2) d vs (4.0 ± 0.8) d.There were significant differences.The operation successful rate was 95.0％ (114/120) in RPUL group and 85.2％ (92/108) in URL group.The complications incidence rate was 3.5％ (4/114) in RPUL group and 17.4％ (16/92) in URL group.The stone-free rate was 100.0％ (114/114) in RPUL group and 89.1％ (82/92) in URL group.The differences were significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions RPUL and URL had the advantages of less trauma and blood loss and rapid recovery.RPUL had fewer complication and higher success rate than URL,and could be a minimally invasive option for the treatment of ureteral calculi.