Objective To investigate the effect of phacoemulsification and intraocular lens implantation combined with vitrectomy on the dynamic changes of intraocular pressure.Methods A sample of 73 eyes of 70 patients was divided into two groups according to the operation method.Phacoemulsification and intraocular lens combined with vitrectomy implantation performed on 38 eyes of 37 patients (study group) were compared with vitrectomy alone performed on 35 eyes of 33 patients (control group).The dynamic changes of intraocular pressure 1,2,3 days,1,3 weeks,1,2,3 months after surgery were observed.Results The intraocular pressure was peaked on the 1st day after surgery in control group from ( 13.7 ± 2.2)mm Hg ( 1 mm Hg =0.133 kPa) preoperatively to ( 18.5 ± 6.9) mm Hg postoperatively,and recovered the preoperative level on the 3rd day after surgery.The intraocular pressure was peaked on the 1st day after surgery in study group from ( 12.9 ± 2.4) mm Hg preoperatively to (23.4 ± 8.0) mm Hg postoperatively,and recovered the preoperative level on the 3rd week after surgery.The intraocular pressure in both groups displayed an significant elevation on postoperative days,although degree of intraocular pressure elevation in study group was higher than that in control group (P ＜0.05).The correlation analysis showed:diabetic retinopathy,and combined with cataract extraction and lens implantation were independent risk factors of intraocular pressure surge (the intraocular pressure ≥10 mm Hg) after vitrectomy. Conclusions Phacovitrectomy and intraocular lens implantation increases the risk of transient intraocular pressure elevation in early postoperative stage than vitrectomy alone.The patients who are vulnerable to intraocular pressure fluctuations when performed a combined surgery should be paid more attention.

We studied the effects of interferon(IFN) on sister chromatid exchanges(SCE) induced by mitomycin(MMC) and/or on unscheduled DNA synthesis(UDS ) induced by ultraviolet light(UV) in peripheral lymphocytes taken from 4 normal individuals and 3 patients with xeroderma pigmentosum(XP) in whom the existence of congenital DNA excision repair defect had been verified.The lymphocytes from 2 normal individuals and 3 patients with XP were treated with IFN 8 hours before MMC was added SCE frequencies in IFN groups were lower than those in the controls. Statistical computation showed that all differences were highiy significant(P0.05).

Aptamers are oligonucleotides or peptides those are able to bind tightly,by their specific three-dimensional shapes,to a variety of targets.Because of numerous merits ( high affinity,high specificity,small size,little immunogenicity,stable structures,and ease of synthesis),aptamers represent a valid alternative to antibodies and become a valuable research tool and show great application to fundamental research,drug selection and clinical diagnosis and therapy.The review describe the applications and the possible applications of aptamers in the diagnosis,treatment and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Objective To observe the clinical manifestation and ophthalmoscopic image characteristics of uveal metastatic carcinoma.Methods Thirty-six uveal metastatic carcinoma patients (43 eyes) were enrolled in this study.The patients included 21 males and 15 females.The patients' ages ranged from 28 to 71 years,with a mean age of (47.3 ±10.2) years.Seven patients had bilateral carcinoma and 29 patients had unilateral carcinoma.There were 30 patients with lung cancer,three patients with breast cancer,one patient with gastric cancer and two patients without primary tumors.There were 20 patients with known primary cancer,16 patients visited the Department of Ophthalmology first.All the patients were examined documenting visual acuity,intraocular pressure,slit-lamp microscopy and mydriatic fundus examination.Meanwhile,22 patients (26 eyes) were examined using B-type ultrasound and/or color Doppler flow imaging(CDFI).Twelve patients (12 eyes) were examined using fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA) and/or indocyanine green angiography (ICGA).Seventeen patients (22 eyes) were examined using MRI and/or CT.The clinical manifestation and ophthalmoscopic image characteristics of uveal metastatic carcinoma patients were observed.Results Among 43 eyes,four lesions were in the iris,three lesions in the ciliary body and 32 lesions were in the choroid.Fundus examination showed an isolated mass in 26 eyes and more than two masses in nine eyes.Metastatic tumors of the iris and ciliary body often showed irregular cauliflower-like mass with gray-white or meat-red color and abundant vessels.The choroidal metastasis usually demonstrated flat rounded or irregular intraocular masses with gray-yellow or gray-white color in the posterior pole.B-type ultrasound showed ill-defined,flat,and irregular-shaped masses with uneven internal reflectivity.CDFI showed rich blood flow within the tumor.FFA and (or)ICGA showed pinpoint and mottled leaks against hyperfluorescence background.MRI revealed low or middle signal using T1 WI and low signal intensity using T2WI.Conclusions The uveal metastatic carcinoma usually occurs in one eye with an isolated mass.Most of them show a flat gray-yellow mass in posterior choroids and have the primary cancer sites of the lung.FFA and/or ICGA show pinpoint and mottled leaks against hyperfluorescence background.B-type ultrasound and (or) CDFI show ill-defined,flat,and irregular-shaped mass with rich blood flow within the tumor.MRI reveals low signal intensity on T2 WI.

RNA interference driven by tumor specific promoters has targeted therapeutic effect only in tumor tissue,it is a new method in tumor gene therapy,such as alpha-fetoprotein promoter,human telomerase reverse transcriptase promoter,survivin promoter and etc. This method binds specificity of tumor promoter and high effects of RNAi,and can realize specific and highly killing effects in tumor tissue. RNAi driven by tumor specific promoters plays an important role in tumor oncogene targeted therapy.

Many factors are involved in the ever tenser physician——,including the poor communication between doctors and patients,patients' zexcessive expection towards doctors,and the improper intervention from external factors such as the mass media,etc.To cope with the problems in current physician——patient relationship,medical institutes should strenghten the construction of medical ethics within their systems,and the"Third-party mediation mechanism"conducted in some areas can also be taken as effective measures to improve current physician-patient relationship.

Objective To explore the effect of antiepileptic drugs on rats' cognitive function. Methods 70 adolescent male SD rats, weighing (201?29)g, were randomly divided into seven groups: normal control group (NS), status epilepticus group (Pentylenetetrazole, PTZ), carbamazepine group (CBZ), valproate sodium group (VPA), phenytoin group (PHT), topiramate group (TPM) and lamotrigine group (LTG). All animals except those in NS group were kindled by PTZ, then they were treated with antiepileptic drugs (AEDs). Rats of all the seven groups were subjected to Morris water maze test two weeks later. Results The average time spent by the rats of TPM group was longer than that by other groups in each test (P

Objective To evaluate whether the presence of subchondral bone marrow edema (BME)in magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) are associated with the different levels of knee pain among the patients suffering osteoarthritis(OA). Methods Based on rating scale of pain, 264 patients with knee OA were divided into three groups: 47 in the no pain group, 184 in the mild pain group, 33 in the moderate or severe pain group. Contingency table analyses and rank sum tests were used to compare the difference of OA stage and BME score among these groups. OA was classified by the X-ray as the Kellgren-Lawrence(K-L) scoring scale system: 52 mild(K-L Ⅱ degree), 142 middle(K-L Ⅲ degree), 70 severe(K-L Ⅳ degree); while BME was identified from MRI: 69 with grade 0(no BME), 127 with grade 1(small BME), 68 with grade 2(large BME). Results There were no statistical significance of OA stage among three pain groups(?2=5.251, P=0.263), though severe OA were more likely to occur in moderate or severe pain group as compared with the no pain and mild pain groups(42.4% vs 23.4% and 24.5%). Also in the three groups, the prevalence of each score BME was of great significant difference(?2=28.157, P

[Objective]To clarify the precise displacement of the popliteal artery(PA) during knee flexion using magnetic resonance imaging(MRI).[Method]MRI was used in 16 knees at 0? and 90? of flexion to measure the distance between the popliteal artery and the posterior tibial cortex(bone to artery distance,BAD)at two levels corresponding to the levels of osteotomy in total knee arthroplasty(TKR) and in high tibial osteotomy(HTO).The results were analysed using paired-samples t test.[Result]At the level of TKR(0.5 to 1 cm below the tibial articular surface),the mean posterior movement of BAD from extension to 90? of flexion was 1.8 mm(-2～+5 mm) with a statistical significance(P=0.005).At the level of HTO(1.5 to 2 cm below the tibial articular surface),the mean change in BAD 1.4mm(-2～+4mm)was also statistically significant(P=(0.005)).At the two levels,the artery moved toward the tibia in 2 cases,respectively.[Conclusion]Knee flexion may be considered to be a safer position,still there is possible potential popliteal artery injury.

Objective To evaluate the clinical value of selective arterial chemotherapy after radiotherapy for advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (stageⅢ,Ⅳa). Methods Sixty patients with advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma were randomized to receive either combined elective arterial chemotherapy and radiotherapy (IACT group, 30 patients) or combined general intravenous chemotherapy and radiotherapy(IVCTgroup, 30 patients). Four weeks after radiotherapy, the effect of two methods was compared. Results The efficiency rate and the 1-year local disease control rate were 93.33 %, 92.86 % in IACT and 70.00 %, 71.43 % in IVCT, respectively. There were outstanding differences between the two groups(P