Myosin heavy chain 9 (MYH9)disorders are a group of ihherited thrombocytopenias resulted from the mutation of MYH9 gene,including May-Hegglin anomaly,Epstein syndrome,Fechtner syndrome and Sebastian syndrome.MYH9 disorders are very often misdiagnosed as idiopathic thrombocytopenic purpura (ITP).For better understanding of MYH9 of clinical and laboratory and getting enough attention in clinical practice,this review will focus on the pathogenesis,clinical manifestations,laboratory examination and differential diagnosis.

Aptamers are oligonucleotides or peptides those are able to bind tightly,by their specific three-dimensional shapes,to a variety of targets.Because of numerous merits ( high affinity,high specificity,small size,little immunogenicity,stable structures,and ease of synthesis),aptamers represent a valid alternative to antibodies and become a valuable research tool and show great application to fundamental research,drug selection and clinical diagnosis and therapy.The review describe the applications and the possible applications of aptamers in the diagnosis,treatment and pathogenesis of autoimmune diseases.

Systemic lupus erythematosus(SLE) is an autoimmune disease characterized by the production of autoantibodies against a wide spectrum of nuclear, cytoplasmic,and cell membrane autoantigens.Among them,the anti-Smith antibodies are specific for SLE and thus have been included as a criteria for diagnosis.They are not only a diagnostic marker but also a reliable measure of disease activity in SLE,we intend to describe the biological functions and clinical significance of the Smith antigen and the detection of anti-Smith antibodies.

Aptazymes are a new artificial synzyme, selected from the random oligonucleotide sequence libraries against various of effector molecules. They own the advantages of an aptamer(the receptor site) and the ribozyme (the catalytic active site). Moreover, aptazymes as catalytic molecular beacon provide a new orientation for the quantitative analysis of effector molecules. Aptazymes not only have the application in genomics and proteomics, but also have potential applications in biosensor and DNA AND gate.

Decoy receptor 3(DcR3),also known as tumor necrosis factor receptor 6B(TNFR6B) or TR6,is a newly discovered member of the tumor necrosis receptor superfamily,an apoptosis-prohibiting protein,which can both inhibit the apoptosis and promote the immunity escape of tumor cells.Recent researches have shown that DcR3 is expressed selectively in most human common tumors but not in normal adult tissue,and its up-regulation may predict the malignancy and prognosis of tumors.As a molecular marker of tumor,the high expression of DcR3 in the body fluid can help tumor detection and therapy monitoring.This novel biological technique can be used to inhibit the expression of the DcR3 gene and induce the apoptosis of tumor cells.

SpA,one of the important virulence factors of Staphylococcus aureus,can impede phagocytosis,induce apoptosis of B cells,initiate staphylococcal pneumonia and endocarditis,et al.The expression of Spa gene is regulated by a very subtle and complicated systematic web.With the mechanism of the virulence and the gene regulation of Spa were known more and more clearly,New methods of the infection by Staphylococcus aureus were would be found.

Liquid chip,a new type of biochip classify encoding beads as carriers of reaction and signal detection,implement simultaneous determination protein,nucleic acid and other biomacromolecule in susp-ension liquid system.Apart from high-throughput characteristic as traditional biochip,the advantages of liquid chip are easy operation,the high-sensitivity,the high-accuracy,the high-precision and the great dynamic range and so on.It can be applied in the field of clinical laboratory diagnosis.In this review,we discuss the fundamental principle,detection,characteristics of liquid chip technique and the application in the field of clinical laboratory diagnosis.

Decoy receptor 3,tumor necrosis factor receptor 6B or called TR6,is a newly member of tumor necrosis receptor superfamily.It plays very important roles in tumor immunity,autoimmunity,transplantation immunity,and anti-infection immunity by modulation of apoptosis and activity and differentiation of immunocytes.The current advance in molecular immunology of decoy receptor 3 was reviewed.

Due to the complicated and changeable clinical symptoms,and inexact pathogenesis,leukemia was facing huge challenges in diagnosis and therapy.Aptamer could be selected through CELL-SELEX.The aptamer not only display high affinity and specificity to target cell,but also it could discriminate the specific stage of cell,such as different classification,normal and tumor cells.So CELL-SELEX has great potention in the researches of leukemia.This paper systematically summarized the advantages of CELL-SELEX,the application in specific leukemia diagnosis,targeted therapy and the discovery of cancer biomarkers.(Chin J Lab Med,2013,36:377-379)

Objective To implement a real-time bidirectional communication function on Siemens StreamLab laboratory automation system, Methods Firstly, the system selecting sample was changed from the default settings and then the communication character string sent by the StreamLab was utilized by the laboratory information system to build up a real-time bidirectional control of the samples assay. Results New functions such as real-time signing in and real-time detection information getting of specimens could be performed by the StreamLab automatically.Conclusion The real-time bidirectional communication between laboratory automation system and laboratory information system can optimize the working flow and improve the work efficiency.