Objective To explore the neural basis of the visual illusory motion using the event-related potential(ERP).Methods One hundred trials(each duration 2 000 ms)of a visual illusory motion figure,rippling wheat pattern made by Akiyoshi Kitaoka,and a visual static figure made of modified rippling wheat pattern were randomly presented with equal probability.Ten healthy right handed undergraduate students as subjects were asked to judge the stimulus whether motional or not.The EEG was recorded from 128 scalp sites using with electrodes mounted in HydroCel GSN cap(Electrical Geodesics Incorporated,Oregon,USA).Results 1)The C1 component of ERP could be evoked by both visual illusory motion pattern and static pattern in POz.The peak of C1 component was presented about 75 ms after each stimulus.C1 component evoked with visual illusory motion was negative,but it's static pattern to be positive.2)P100 and P200 components could be obviously evoked by both kinds of stimuli,but in O2 the amplitudes of P100 evoked by different stimuli were significant different and in T3 the amplitudes of P200 were significant different too.Conclusion The visual illusory motion is formed at the primary visual cortex.It may be related to the organized mode of perception.

OBJECTIVETo provide basic data for the prevention of oral diseases in minorities by investigating the oral health status and behavior related to oral health knowledge of individuals aged 35 to 44 years in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur.

METHODSThe caries and periodontal health of 445 individuals aged 35 to 44 years were examined according to the method and criterion prescribed by the World Health Organization and the Third National Oral Health Epidemiologic Investigation. A questionnaire survey on related oral health knowledge and behavior was conducted.

RESULTSThe crown caries prevalence rate in Dongxiang, Baoan, and Yugur were 48.28%, 79.47%, and 67.11%, respectively; the root caries prevalence rates were 38.62%, 69.54%, and 42.95%, respectively. The rates of gum bleeding in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur were 86.90%, 90.07%, and 65.77%, respectively. The rates of dental calculus in Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur were 99.31%, 100.00%, 99.33%, respectively, and the rates of periodontal bags were 68.97%, 67.55%, and 43.62%, respectively. Only 69.84% of the respondents brush their teeth every day; 94.90% of the respondents do not floss. Only 20.19% of the respondents contact a doctor for a toothache, and 42.23% of the respondents have never seen a dentist.

CONCLUSIONCaries morbidity is high among the respondents aged 35 to 44 years from Dongxiang, Bonan, and Yugur. The periodontal health status and oral hygiene of the respondents are poor, and behavior related to oral health knowledge is insufficient. Thus, more attention must be provided to the prevention and control of caries and periodontal diseases among middle-aged people in the area.

Adult ; DMF Index ; Dental Calculus ; Dental Caries ; Female ; Health Knowledge, Attitudes, Practice ; Health Status ; Humans ; Male ; Oral Health ; Oral Hygiene ; Periodontal Diseases ; Prevalence

The emergence of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern and repeated outbreaks of coronavirus epidemics in the past two decades emphasize the need for next-generation pan-coronaviral therapeutics. Drugging the multi-functional papain-like protease (PLpro) domain of the viral nsp3 holds promise. However, none of the known coronavirus PLpro inhibitors has been shown to be in vivo active. Herein, we screened a structurally diverse library of 50,080 compounds for potential coronavirus PLpro inhibitors and identified a noncovalent lead inhibitor F0213 that has broad-spectrum anti-coronaviral activity, including against the Sarbecoviruses (SARS-CoV-1 and SARS-CoV-2), Merbecovirus (MERS-CoV), as well as the Alphacoronavirus (hCoV-229E and hCoV-OC43). Importantly, F0213 confers protection in both SARS-CoV-2-infected hamsters and MERS-CoV-infected human DPP4-knockin mice. F0213 possesses a dual therapeutic functionality that suppresses coronavirus replication via blocking viral polyprotein cleavage, as well as promoting antiviral immunity by antagonizing the PLpro deubiquitinase activity. Despite the significant difference of substrate recognition, mode of inhibition studies suggest that F0213 is a competitive inhibitor against SARS2-PLpro via binding with the 157K amino acid residue, whereas an allosteric inhibitor of MERS-PLpro interacting with its 271E position. Our proof-of-concept findings demonstrated that PLpro is a valid target for the development of broad-spectrum anti-coronavirus agents. The orally administered F0213 may serve as a promising lead compound for combating the ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future coronavirus outbreaks.
Animals ; Coronavirus Papain-Like Proteases/antagonists & inhibitors* ; Cricetinae ; Humans ; Mice ; Pandemics ; SARS-CoV-2/enzymology* ; COVID-19 Drug Treatment