Guilty Knowledge Test is a lie-detection procedure elicited by Lykken in 1959. This paper introduces the development of the cognitive rationale of GKT,namely orienting responses (ORs),and the relationship between ORs and the GKT. The paper also analyzes and discusses four paradigms of the GKT and finally points out the main problems existing within the GKT,some relative extended researches exploring for solutions and its trend of development.

Objective:To explore the roles of cognition and deception in the Guilty Knowledge Tests and its effectiveness on the judgement of the guilt and the informed innocent people.Methods:72 healthy undergraduates participated in the study and were randomly assigned to the experimental conditions.This research was composed of one laboratory experiment with the mork crime paradigm in GKT, and the widely measured electrodermal responses(EDRs) as the physiological index.Three response modes were designed in the experiment in order to test the existence of cognition and deception components.Results:Significant differences of judgement scores were observed in different reponse modes and different roles.Conclusion:Deception plays a more important role than cognition in GKT.However, GKT can not efficiently discriminate the guilty and informed innocent people and needs futher exploration.

Objective To explore the neural basis of the visual illusory motion using the event-related potential(ERP).Methods One hundred trials(each duration 2 000 ms)of a visual illusory motion figure,rippling wheat pattern made by Akiyoshi Kitaoka,and a visual static figure made of modified rippling wheat pattern were randomly presented with equal probability.Ten healthy right handed undergraduate students as subjects were asked to judge the stimulus whether motional or not.The EEG was recorded from 128 scalp sites using with electrodes mounted in HydroCel GSN cap(Electrical Geodesics Incorporated,Oregon,USA).Results 1)The C1 component of ERP could be evoked by both visual illusory motion pattern and static pattern in POz.The peak of C1 component was presented about 75 ms after each stimulus.C1 component evoked with visual illusory motion was negative,but it's static pattern to be positive.2)P100 and P200 components could be obviously evoked by both kinds of stimuli,but in O2 the amplitudes of P100 evoked by different stimuli were significant different and in T3 the amplitudes of P200 were significant different too.Conclusion The visual illusory motion is formed at the primary visual cortex.It may be related to the organized mode of perception.