Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) is a chronic inflammatory disease characterized by infiltration of T-lymphocytes,which plays a key role in the immune response of human.Exploration on the characters of immune response in the pathologic process related to COPD may be useful to explore the mechenism of immunity response in COPD patients,thus,contrubute to improve the knowledge of COPD and investigating new avenues of treatment.

Objective:To study the effect of erythromycin(EM) on cigarette smoke-induced histone deacetylase-3(HDAC3) protein expression in human macrophages in vitro .Methods:The Aqueous cigarette smoke extract ( CSE) was always prepared fresh on the day of the experiment .The U937 monocytic cells were differentiated into macrophages by using phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate (PMA) according to standard procedures .The U937 differentiated cells were treated with either CSE (1%) or EM (1 μg/ml) pre-treatment, and HDAC inhibitor trichostatin A (TSA;100 ng/ml) for 24 h.HDAC activity was measured with a colorimetric assay kit and Western blot was used for HDAC3 and factor nuclear-kappaB (NF-κB) protein assays.The levels of tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α) release in the supernatant were determined by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).Results:CSE(1%) significantly de-creased HDAC activity and HDAC 3 protein levels at 24 h.Preincubation with EM (1μg/ml ) for 24 h significantly inhibit CSE (1%) induced decrease of HDAC3 protein expression.Furthermore, Preincubation with EM(1 μg/ml) for 24 h significantly inhibit NF-κB activity and TNF-αrelease in human macrophages .Conclusion:EM is able to restore HDAC3 levels decreased by cigarette smoke and inhibit NF-κB activity resulting in decreasing CSE-mediated TNF-αrelease, which has shown an important explanation that EM possess the anti-inflammatory effect induced by cigarette smoke .

Objective To study the pathological characteristics of interleukin-16 (IL-16) and CXC chemokine receptor 3 (CXCR3) in pulmonary artery of smokers with normal lung function and smokers with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD). Methods We examined surgical specimens from three groups of subjects undergoing lung resection for localized pulmonary lesions: group NS(nonsmokers with normal lung function, n=10); group S (smokers with normal lung function, n=13); group COPD (smokers with stable COPD, n=10). The clinical datas including blood gas analysis, pulmonary function,BMI, smoking index, BODE index, six-minute-walk distance (6MWD), Medical Research Council dyspened scale (MRC), St. George Respiratory Questionnaire (SGRQ) were recorded in all subjects before the operation. We applied technique of hematoxylin-eosin staining to observe pathomorphological changes of the pulmonary arteries. The concentration of IL-16 in lung tissues were measured by ELISA. Muscularized arteries were examined with immunohistochemical methods to identify T-lymphocytes (CD_3), CD_4 T-lymphocytes, CD_8 T-lymphocytes, IL-16, CXCR3. The correlation of IL-16 and CXCR3 in muscnlarized arteries in smokers with stable COPD were analysed. Results (1) The group COPD showed the highest concentration of IL-16 in lung tissue (P <0. 01) . The concentration of IL-16 in group S was higher than group NS (P<0.05). (2) Both in group S and group COPD, the percentage of the muscularized arteries that contained CXCR3 and IL-16 were increased as compared with group NS (P < 0. 01). Moreover there were statistical significance have been observed between group COPD and group S(P < 0.01). (3) The intensity of IL-16 infiltrating the muscularized arteries in group COPD showed a positive correlation with CD_3~+ T-lymphocytes, CD_8~+ T-lymphocytes, CXCR3 (r=0.639,0. 803,0. 696; P < 0. 05 or P < 0. 01), smoking index, BODE index (r= 0.737,0. 704; P < 0. 05). There was inverse relationship between the content of IL-16 in the muscularized arteries in group COPD and forced expiratory volume in one second% predicted (FEV_1 % Pred) and 6MWD (r=-0.803,-0.787; P<0.01). We also found the intensity of CXCR3 infiltrating the muscularized arteries in group COPD showed a positive correlation with CD_3~+ T-lymphocytes,CD_8~+ T-lymphocytes(r=0.650,0.767; P<0.05), smoking index, BODE index (r=0.650,0.767; P< 0.05). There was inverse relationship between the content of CXCR3 in the muscularized arteries in group COPD and FEV_1 % Pred and 6MWD (r=-0.778,-0.774;P<0.01). Conclusions (1) Both in group S and group COPD, IL-16 and CXCR3 were mainly expressed in lymphocytes which were correlated with CD_8~+ T-lymphocytes infiltrating the muscularized arteries. There were some suggestion that IL-16 prohaly recruited CD_8~+ T-lymphocytes into muscularized arteries by enhancing the expression of CXCR3. (2) The intensity of IL-16 and CXCR3 were correlated with the index of clinical and pulmonary function that suggested pulmonary arterial inflammation might be one of the key factors associated with the progression of COPD, and inhibiting the pulmonary artery inflammation played an important role in prevention and cure of COPD.

Objective: To investigate the effects of Yiguanjian Decoction, a compound traditional Chinese herbal medicine, on collagen metabolism of hepatic tissues in rats with carbon tetrachloride (CCl(4))-induced liver fibrosis. Methods: Liver fibrosis was induced in rats by intraperitoneal injection of 50% CCl(4)-olive oil solution at a dose of 1 mL/kg body weight, twice per week for 9 consecutive weeks. Six rats were sacrificed for dynamic observation at the end of the 3rd and 6th week respectively, and the other rats were divided into 9-week untreated group and Yiguanjian Decoction group which was given Yiguanjian Decoction intragastrically in the subsequent 3-week modeling period. Another 6 rats were used as normal group. Rats in the normal group and 9-week untreated group were treated with distilled water. At the end of the 9th week, all rats were sacrificed, and their blood serum and liver tissue were collected for measuring hepatic histology and expressions of α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase (TIMP)-1, TIMP-2, matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-13, MMP-14, collagen type I (Col I), and activities of MMP-2 and -9. Results: Compared with the normal group, collagen fiber deposition, expressions of α-SMA, Col I, TIMP-1, TIMP-2, MMP-13 and MMP-14 and activities of MMP-2 and -9 in the liver tissues gradually increased in the untreated group (P<0.05, P<0.01). These changes were significantly suppressed by Yiguanjian Decoction. Conclusion: Yiguanjian Decoction exerts inhibition on formation of CCl(4)-induced cirrhosis in rats. The therapeutic mechanism may be related to inhibiting hepatic stellate cell activation, collagen secretion, and promoting collagen fiber degradation.

Objective To explore the influence of elevating the oxygen pressure on articular chondrocytes in vitro.Method A hydrogen peroxide induced human articular chondrocyte damage model was established.Then the articular chondrocyte viability was detected using the CCK-8 kit.Collagen Ⅱ(COL Ⅱ),The expression levels of aggrecan (ACAN),matrix metalloproteinase 13 (MMP13) and adisintegrin and metalloproteinase with thrombospondin motifs 5 (ADAMTS5) were detected using the realtime PCR and Western blotting.Result The viability of articular chondrocytes improved at 12 h but decreased at 24 h after the stimulation of hydrogen peroxide.Twenty-four hours later,the average expression level of COL Ⅱ and ACAN decreased(P＜0.05),while that of MMP13 and ADAMTS5 elevated(P＞0.05).Conclusion Hydrogen peroxide induced elevation of the extracellular oxygen pressure can influence the synthesis and degradation of the articular chondrocyte extracellular matrix.

Objective To investigate the relationship between levels of transferring(Tf)and function of male fertility and testic-ular podocyte.Methods Semen samples from male patients with infertility and volunteers with normal infertility were collected and tested for sperm density and motility by using sperm quality analyzer.In additon to that,Tf concentrations of Tf were determined;aseptically excised rat testis and by collagenase and hyaluronidase digestion,podocytes were isolated with high purity and cultured in culture medium,then the concentration of Tf in cell culture medium was determined;Tf concentration were determined by rate nephelometry.Results Tf concentration in semen of male-infertility patients[(15±5)μmol/L]was significantly lower than that of normal-fertility volunteers[(24.5±6.5)μmol/L,P <0.01],which were positively correlated sperm count and motility(P <0.01). Tf concentrations of cell culture medium[(25 ±8)μmol/L]in which testicular podocytes were cultured were significantly higher than that of infertile rat[(15 ±6)μmol/L,P <0.01].Conclusion Determination of semen Tf levels can reflect podocyte function and be used as an indicator for the evaluation of seminiferous tubules spermatogenesis,which was valuable in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility.

Objective To investigate the correlation between serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2 (LP-PLA2) and homocysteine (Hcy) level change with cerebral infarction,and clinical value of combined detection of serum LP-PLA2,Hcy and blood lipid level in the diagnosis and differentiation diagnosis of cerebral infarction.Methods The serum lipoprotein-associated phospholipase A2,homocysteine and blood lipid in sixty-five cases of cerebral infarction(cerebral infarction group) and contemporaneous 64 healthy persons qualified in physical examination(health control group) were selected as the research subjects.The levels of serum LP-PLA2,TG,HDL,LDL,CHO and Hcy were detected.The differences were compared among various groups.Results The TG and LDL levels had no statistically significant difference between the health control group and cerebral infarction group(P>0.05),but the LP-PLA2 and Hcy levels in the cerebral infarction group were higher than those in the health control group(P<0.01),while serum HDL and CHO levels were lower than those in the health control group(P<0.01).Serum High Hcy and LP-PLA2 levels were the independent risk factors for cerebral infarction,however,high HDL was a protective factor for cerebral infarction.In the combined detection,the combined detection of LP-PLA2 and Hcy was superior to single index detection and other combined detection mode.Conclusion Serum LP-PLA2 and Hcy levels in the patients with cerebral infarction are significantly higher than those in the health control group,indicating that it may be involved in the occurrence of cerebral infarction,and may become an early biological marker for predicting cerebral infarction occurrence.The combined detection of serum LP-PLA2 and Hcy has highly clinical value in the diagnosis of cerebral infarction.

Objective To investigate the therapeutic effect of the new K+ channel blocker 4-aminopyridine-3-methanol (4-AP-3-MeOH) on chronic spinal cord injury in rats.Methods 18 adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided equally into 3 groups as follows:4-AP-3-MeOH treatment group (A),normal saline control group (B) and sham operation group (C).T10 segment of spinal cord compression injury was applied in group A and group B.4 weeks later,the rats in group A were daily treated by injecting 4-AP-3-MeOH 1 μmol (1000 μmol/L× 1 ml) into the veins of the tails for 4 weeks.While the same volume of saline was administrated into the group B for 4 weeks.Lamina of vertebra of T10 was cut without spinal cord injury in the sham-operation group.After modeling,the locomotor functional recovery was assessed by using Basso Beattie Bresnahan (BBB) scores and inclined plane (IP) tests,and all rats were periodical inspected by the somatosensory evoked potential(SEP) and motor evoked potential(MEP) post-operatively.Results BBB scores of group A started to increase gradually and were higher than those of group B from the 6th week,but the 2 groups at each time point in BBB scores were less than group C.Until 8 weeks after surgery,the inclined-plated angles of group A and B did not show significantly difference,but the both groups were significantly lower compared with group C.Electrophysiology study found that the amplitude of SEP and MEP in group A was higher than group B from the fourth to 8 weeks,but less than in group C.Histological examination showed that the spinal cord of rats in group C were morphologically intact with a clear demarcation between the grey and white matter.The gray matter structures of rats in group A and B were gone and a big cavity appears in the center of the spinal cord injury,with varying degrees of demyelination in the white around.In addition,statistically significant differences were found in the percentage of residual myelin at the injury epicenter between group A and group B.Conclusion With a persistent demyelination change and poor motor function in chronic spinal cord injury,daily administration of 4-AP-3-MeOH can improve the sensory and motor functions.

Objective To understand the general self-efficacy level of patients with tuberculosis(TB patients) and its influencing factors, provide evidence for improving the general self-efficacy of TB patients.Methods All TB inpatients in a comprehensive pulmonary hospital were conducted face-to-face survey through a general questionnaire and general self-efficacy scale, self-efficacy level of TB patients and its influencing factors were analyzed.Results Mean scale of general self-efficacy of 402 TB patients was (20.4±4.2), of which only 14 cases(3.5%)showed a high level self-efficacy.163(40.5%), 225(56.0%), and 14(3.5%)patients were with low(10~),medium(20~), and high(30~) self-efficacy scale.The general self-efficacy level of TB patients was influenced by the course of disease(P<0.001), residence(P=0.012), whether or not attended the lecture on tuberculosis education(P=0.034), whether or not conducted physical exercise(P=0.053,stepwise multiple linear regression analysis: P=0.017), working status(P=0.027), No.of hospitalization due to TB(P=0.002), family economic situation(P=0.027), and education level(P=0.020).Conclusion TB patients' self-efficacy level is low, and the general self-efficacy level and its influencing factors should be assessed by health care workers during the follow-up for patients, individualized nursing intervention for improving the TB patients' self-efficacy level should be developed.

To investigate the herbal medicines which play a main role in Chinese herbal formula Jianpi Huoxue Decoction for improving intestinal permeability and protect alcohol-induced liver injury and intestine damage, and to explore the analysis method for the material base of pharmacological effects of the Chinese herbal compound.