OBJECTIVE:To put forward suggestions on the standardization of indications for drug storage temperature.METHODS:Based on laws and regulations,the problems were pointed out and the causes were analyzed,and some countermeasures were put forward.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:The indications for drug storage temperature had problems in quantization,detailing,standardization and practicalities etc.The key of solving the problems is to establish a set of authori-tative standards and set up the specification for the indications of drug storage tailored for China's own condition and on the basis of safety and practicality.

OBJECTIVE:To provide reference for faciliating the standardization and development of "Clinical Pharmacist System".METHODS:The problems,the causes and the solutions were discussed in view of the basic national conditions and the status quo of clinical pharmacy.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS:To set up "Clinical Pharmacist System" in China,the key problems such as the legal status of the system,its application scope,the classification(definition),authority and responsibility of clinical pharmacists must be addressed so as to create a clinical pharmacists system with Chinese characteristics that "drawing on collective wisdom and absorbing all useful ideas".

OBJECTIVE:To provide constructive suggestions for the substantial problems related to the warehousing acceptance and recording of drugs in medical institutions. METHODS: We studied the relevant problems, analyzed causes and seek for the countermeasures in accordance with the prevailing laws, codes and administrative rules of the state. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The essential problem for the "recording" of drugs in medical institutions arose from the absence and incompleteness of corresponding laws, codes and administrative rules. The key for the problem is to "rely on and strictly carry out the laws and seriously punish those violating the laws".

OBJECTIVE: To provide constructive suggestions aimed at the problems in the implementation of Prescription Administration Method(Method in short).METHODS: The problems were studied,the causes were analyzed and the countermeasures were discussed in light of the related state laws and codes as well as the present status and the basic national condition of prescription administration.RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The Method is insufficient in logic,standardization,rationality and compactness and lack in maneuverability.It is advisable to make explanations on the rules with the same legal effect or revise the rules according to the new conditions appeared after the implementation of the Method so as to achieve strict logic of certain contents,exactness in words,standardization,rationality,strictness,specific and maneuverability of clause and contents.

OBJECTIVE:To provide constructive suggestions on common problems appeared in the "compliance" illegal drugs in hospital pharmacy. METHODS: The problems, reasons and countermeasures related to the "compliance" illegal drugs in hospital pharmacy were studied in accordance to Drug Management Law and the relative rules of National Drug Supervision Department. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: Some "Compliance" illegal drugs exist in hospital pharmacy of China, and they have problems in storing temperature and expiration date, etc.; therefore, the government should take decisive measures to eliminate the production, circulation and use of the "Compliance" illegal drugs in the fields of drug manufacturing, business and medical institutions.

OBJECTIVE:To provide constructive proposals for the modification of the definition of "drugs". METHODS: The problems and causes in modifying the definition of "drugs" were analyzed and countermeasures were discussed in light of the prevailing laws,codes and administrative rules of the state. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS: The space of modifying the definition of "drugs" is quite limited. At present,the most urgent task is to tackle several principle matters that run counter to the existing definition of "drugs" before modifying the definition of "drugs",and to resolve the matters appropriately. It is necessary to carry out deeper study. At the same time,the relationship between "drugs" and medicine (including trial drugs) should be clarified in modifying the definition of "drugs" for a lawful and normative terming.

Objective: Simulating the photon transport process, recording the distribution of the dose which is caused by various of interactions and secondary particles, summarizing and analyzing the weightiness of each contribution. Methods: The PENELOPE package provides the basic Monte Carlo(MC) code which simulates the processes of photon and electron transport Considering the concerned physical problems, the author modifies the PENELOPE program to simulate the track of photon transport process, meanwhile records the contribution of dose which is provided by various of interactions and secondary particles in this article. Results: Firstly, in the same condition, recording the distribution from 4 source different energies(30 keV, 40keV, 50 keV, 60 keV), the distribution of the central axis total dose and the distributions which are caused by secondary Soft collision and secondary hard inelastic collision, and the distribution of the central axis dose provided by secondary particles. Secondly, in the same condition, recording the distribution of the central axis dose caused by secondary Compton scattering and secondary Photonelectric scattering. Conclusion: In different source of energy, the distribution of the central axis dose proffered by secondary soft collision play a major role; the contribution of secondary Photonelectric scattering decreased with the ascent of energy; the contribution from the first generation secondary particles is stronger than others.

Objective To observe some current situation in elderly Diabetes Mellitus with ethics in China,and to explore the method to solve the problems.Methods To analyze the problems with ethics.Results To advance some methods for solving the ethical problems associated with doctors and nurses,family and society.Conclusions Only by improving the minds of medical ethics of doctors and nurses,contributing infinite patience,attention and care,offering elderly diabetes mellitus patients much more help and ethical care with their family and society,they can get better clinical diagnosis and treatment,spiritual consolation,life care and economic support.

Objective To investigate the osteogenesis capability of different frequency extracorporeal shock wave.Methods 39 rabbits received different frequency extracorporeal shock wave at the middle potion of tibia for 3 or 7 days,these rabbits were then sac rificed and the tibia bones were collected to process for HE and toluidine blue staining,the pathological changes were observed under the light microscope.Results After different frequency extracorporeal shock wave treatment,the typical periosteal reaction were observed,external periosteum bleeded and thickened but there was no reaction at internal periosteum,marrow cavity opened and fibrosed.the osteoblast-1iking cell proliferated,however,no cartilage cells were observed;The rabbits received 7 days shock wave treatment showed more severe reaction than those for 3 days.The shock wave at lower frequency showed more severe reaction than higher frequency.Conclusion shock wave induced osteogenesis through the periosteal reaction of external periosteum;the osteogenesis capability of different frequency extracorporeal shock wave were affected by the frequency.Higher frequency of shock wave was not the ideal way to promote osteogenesis.

Objective:To assess the trends in case-fatality rates for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) in China from 2015 to 2019.Methods:This study employed a population-based surveillance. Data from the China Registry of Acute Cardiovascular Event (China RACE) were utilized, including AMI cases reported by Grade Ⅱ and Grade Ⅲ hospitals at the disease surveillance sites across China from January 1 st 2015 to December 31 st 2019. The 28-day mortality outcome for reported AMI events was obtained by linking to the national death certificate registry system. The study analyzed the overall and age-standardized case-fatality rates, as well as their annual percent change (APC), during the study period, stratified by gender, age, and region. Results:The overall 28-day case fatality rate for AMI was 28.97% (22 532/77 764) from 2015 to 2019. The age-standardized case-fatality rate for AMI declined significantly from 37.53% in 2015 to 18.58% in 2019, with an APC of -14.33% ( P=0.018). We observed a significant downward trend in case-fatality rates of AMI in both genders (both P<0.05). Among males, the case-fatality rate decreased more steeply in younger males compared to elder counterparts. The most marked decreases were seen in males aged<35 years and 35 to 44 years, with APC of -27.63% ( P=0.007) and -22.65% ( P=0.004), respectively. In females, we observed a relatively stable decrease in case-fatality across age groups. The age-standardized case-fatality rate of AMI in eastern and central China decreased significantly from 2015 to 2019, with the APC of -19.22% ( P=0.006) and -15.62% ( P=0.032) respectively. However, the age-standardized case-fatality rate of AMI in western China remained stable ( P=0.227). Conclusions:The prognosis of AMI has considerably improved from 2015 to 2019 in China, regardless of ages and gender. Inequality in case-fatality rates among geographic regions highlights the need for targeted strategies in AMI prevention in western regions.