Objective: To establish the aortic regurgitation model in Chinese miniature pigs under echocardiography guidance. Methods: The animal models were established by following steps: general anesthesia, measuring body weight and then receiving echocardiography examination to exclude aortic valve lesions; carotid artery was exposured by surgery, catheter was sent to aortic sinus with stiff guide wire penetrates and the position of catheter was adjusted to obtain aortic valve damage. The aortic valve injury and regurgitation were evaluated by ultrasound; then the pigs were killed and the heart was taken to observe aortic valve damage. Results: A total of 7 pigs were used including 4 male and 3 female with the mean body weight of (24.7 ± 3.6) kg. Aortic regurgitation model was successfully established in 5 pigs including 1 mild, 1 mild-moderate, 2 moderate, 1 severe aortic valve regurgitation, and 4 were with valve lealfets perforation and 1 with lealfets tearing. Conclusion:①Echocardiography can smoothly guide wire go through aortic valve and make valve damage at different degrees, it is reliable to establish aortic valve regurgitation model in experimental pigs.②Echocardiography may clearly identify the position and degree for aortic valve injury.

The traditional experimental teaching mode of forensic science and biological evidence is mostly confined to experimental operation, which is not capable of cultivating students' comprehensive quality and post competency. Therefore, it is urgent to seek an innovative teaching and training mode. At present, the experimental teaching of forensic science and biological evidence is dominated by teachers. There are some problems, such as insufficient training of students' scientific thinking and innovation ability, single teaching and evaluation model, and disconnection from the practical application. This paper proposes an experimental teaching design scheme of forensic science and biological evidence based on post competency training. The course is implanted in the framework of simulated cases, and the virtual simulation experiment platform and group discussion learning method are used to achieve a training model oriented by social needs and centered on students. In the preliminary study on the students who were trained in this mode of selected sections, we found that, compared with traditional teaching, the time for students to complete the prescribed experimental operation in this teaching mode was shortened by 4 minutes on average, and the average score of theoretical course test case analysis questions was increased by 1.5 points. In conclusion, the instructional design of the experiment teaching forensic science and biological evidence can effectively improve students' post-competency, and it deserves further exploration and application.

Objective:To explore the association between suboptimal health status (SHS) and plasma IgG N-glycans levels among undergraduates in a college in Shandong Province.Methods:A case-control study was conducted from September to November 2017, 100 college students who underwent physical examinations at Weifang University in Shandong, were selected as study participants based on the inclasion and exclusion criteria of the study. According to the criteria of SHS, the participants were divided into an SHS group ( n=50) and a health control group ( n=50). Plasma IgG N-glycosylaton levels were analyzed by means of ultra-high liquid chromatography (UPLC), and 24 glycan peaks were obtained. The Mann-Whitney U-test and binary logistic regression analysis were performed to investigate the association between IgG N-glycans and SHS. P<0.05 was considered statistically significant. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analyses were used to evaluate the possibility of plasma IgG N-glycans being a biomarker of SHS. Results:The results of univariate and multivariate analysis showed that GP17 was associated with SHS ( P<0.05), and the relative abundance of initial glycan peaks (GP17) was higher in the SHS group compared with the control group. ROC curve analysis showed that the area under the curve (AUC) of the baseline model was 0.826 (95% confidence interval [ CI]: 0.747-0.905, P<0.001); the AUC of the glycan-based model was 0.631 (95% CI: 0.519-0.744, P=0.002), and the AUC of the combined model was 0.848 (95% CI: 0.763-0.912, P<0.001). Compared with the baseline model, the diagnostic efficiency of the combined model revealed a trend of improvement. Conclusions:The SHS of the students in a college in Shandong Province was associated with an IgG N-glycan level of GP17, which was significantly higher than that of the control group.

Objective:To evaluate the association between the eye exercises and one-year axial eye elongation in grade 7 students in Beijing.Methods:Sampling was performed using a multistage random cluster approach, and 1 443 students of grade 7 were selected from 9 middle schools in 6 districts for the baseline survey. Data were collected by questionnaires and axial length measurement. Multiple linear regression analysis was used to evaluate the association between eye exercises and excessive axial eye elongation.Results:Among 1 197 (82.95%) students with complete information, the median ( Q R) age was 12.00 (1.00) years old, girls accounted for 44.28%, and the median ( Q R) axial eye elongation was 0.22 (0.18) mm. In the multiple linear regression analysis, the frequency of eye exercises was significantly correlated with excessive axial eye elongation in boys ( β=-0.135, 95% CI:-0.253--0.018) but not in girls ( β=-0.075, 95% CI:-0.207- 0.058) after adjusting for sex, age, body height, the number of myopic parents, time spent outdoors and time spent on reading and writing outside class; while the seriousness of eye exercises was not significantly associated with axial eye elongation in boys ( β=-0.028, 95% CI: -0.114-0.058) and girls ( β=-0.035, 95% CI: -0.134-0.064). Conclusion:The increased frequency of eye exercises is beneficial to control the axial eye elongation in boys in Beijing.