Medical research contracts including the state-funded research contracts and enterprises-funded research contract,The application of law and dispute resolution approach depends on the legal nature of two contracts.Therefore,the legal nature of the medical research contracts and contract risk prevention is the focus of this study.

Objective To explore the role of RBC[Ca2+]i levels in pathogenesis of hypoxic-ischemic encephalopathy (HIE) in neonates. Methods Twenty-eight neonates with moderate and severe HIE hospitalizeal from Jun. 2002 to Mar. 2006 were enrolled the study. The neonates with HIE were given routine treatment and Nimodipine for 7～10 days. Blood samples were collected before treatment and at 72 hours,7～10 days after treatment respectively. The levels of RBC [Ca2+]i were measured by Fura-2/AM. Twenty healthy full-term neonates were studied as controls. Results (1) The levels of RBC [Ca2+] i in the neonates with moderate and severe HIE were significantly higher than that in control group at every time points( P＜0. 05 ,P＜0.01). (2) the levels of RBC[Ca2+]i in the neonates with moderate and severe HIE peaked at 72 hours after treatment,and were still significantly higher than that of control group at 7～10 days after treatment(P＜0. 05). (3) In the neonates with HIE,RBC[Ca2+ ]i levels correlated positively with the severity of HIE ( r = 0. 447, P＜ 0. 05 ). Conclusion RBC [Ca2+ ] i levels are closely associated with pathogenesis of HIE, and may play an important role in the pathogenesis of HIE. Evaluating RBC [ Ca2+] i levels in neonate after birth may provide clinical clues for the early diagnosis and prognosis assessment of HIE.

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of myocardial calcium-sensing receptor (CaSR) in a rat model of high-level spinal cord injury (SCI).MethodsEighteen healthy male SD rats weighing 250-300 g were randomly divided into 2 groups:sham operation group(group S,n ＝6) and SCI group(n ＝ 12).SCI model was induced by dropping a 10 g weight onto spinal cord (C7) in freely vertical falling along the hollow glass tube from 5 cm height.The blood samples were taken 12 and 24 h after SCI in group SCI and 12 h after SCI in group S,and serum activity of creatine kinase(CK) and MB isoenzyme of creatine kinsse(CK-MB) were measured.Then myocardium specimens were obtained for uhrastructure examination and determination of CaSR mRNA and protien expression by fluorescence quantitative RCR and Western blot.Results Serum activities of CK and CK-MB and CaSR mRNA and protein expression were higher in group SCI than in group S.Serum activity of CK and CaSR mRNA expression were higher,and serum activity of CK-MB was lower at 24 h after SCI than that at 12 h after SCI.There was no significantly difference in CaSR protein expression between the two time points in group SCI.The ultrastructure examination showed that myocardial injury was found in group SCI.ConclusionThe expression of CaSR is up-regulated after SCI in rats,which might be the mechanism of myocardial injury after SCI.

Objective To investigate the effects of Shouwu-Yizhi capsule on learning and memory, and the expressions of presenilin 1(PS1),β-amyloid precursor protein (APP) mRNAs in the hippocampus following cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats. Methods Sprague–Dawley rats were randomly divided into a Shouwu-Yizhi group, a piracetam group, a model group, and a sham operation group with 20 rats in each group. Focal cerebral ischemia reperfusion model was induced by middle cerebral artery occlusion for 2 hours. Seven days after ischemia reperfusion, the rats in the Shouwu-Yizhi and piracetam groups were administered intragastrically Shouwu-Yizhi solution (52 mg/ml) and piracetam solution (28 mg/ml) for 28 days, both in dose of 1 ml/(100 g?d) for 28 days;and the rats in the model and sham operation groups were given intragastrically equivalent volumes of normal saline. Learning and memory were tested using the Morris water maze, and the expressions of PS1 and APP mRNAs were measured using real-time quantitative fluorescent PCR. Results Water maze test showed that the escape latency (12.98±0.70s vs. 9.43±0.78s) was significantly shorter, and the frequency of crossing platform (5.08±0.39 vs. 7.62±0.43) significantly lower in the model groupthan those in the sham operation group; the escape latency (9.77±0.58s vs. 12.98±0.70s) was significantly shorter and the frequency of crossing platform (7.40±0.44 vs. 5.08±0.39) significantly lower in the Shouwu-Yizhi group than those in the model group(all P<0.01). The expressions of PS1 (0.99±0.01 vs. 1.08± 0.03)and APP (1.06±0.03 vs. 1.12±0.04) mRNAs in the hippocampus in the Shouwu-Yizhi group were significantly decreased than those in the model group (P<0.05 or 0.01). Conclusion Shouwu-Yizhi capsule may inhibit the expressions of PS1 and APP mRNAs in the hippocampus, and improve the learning and memory following cerebral ischemia reperfusion in rats.

Objective To evaluate the effect of sevoflurane preconditioning on the expression of heat shock protein 70 (HSP70) during renal ischemia-reperfusion in rats.Methods Twenty-four pathogen-free healthy adult male Sprague-Dawley rats,weighing 250-300 g,aged 2-3 months,were divided into 3 groups (n=8 each) using a random number table:sham operation group (group S),renal I/R group (group I/R) and sevoflurane preconditioning group (group SP).The animals were anesthetized with 2％ pentobarbital sodium 50 mg/kg.After the right kidney was removed,the left renal artery was clamped for 45 min followed by 2 h reperfusion to establish the model of renal I/R injury.In group SP,2.2％ sevoflurane was inhaled for 1 h followed by 10-min washout before the model was established.The animals were sacrificed at the end of rcpcrfusion,and kidneys were then removed for determination of the expression of HSP70 (by immunohistochemistry) and malondialdehyde (MDA) content in renal tissues (by thiobarbituric acid colorimetric method).Results Compared with group S,the expression of HSP70 in renal tissues was significantly up-regulated,and the MDA content in renal tissues was increased in t/R and SP groups (P＜0.05).Compared with group I/R,the expression of HSP70 in renal tissues was significantly up-regulated,and the MDA content in renal tissues was decreased in group SP (P＜0.05).Conclusion The mechanism by which sevoflurane preconditioning reduces renal I/R injury is related to up-regulation of HSP70 expression in rats.

Aim Toanalyzethekeyqualityandestablishmeth-ods for essential quality control of human recombinant ASPP2 adenovirus.Methods TheviralstructuralgeneofE2Bandtar-get gene of ASPP2 were identified by PCR;The number of virus particles was measured by UV-SDS methods;Infectious titer was determined by TCID50 assay;Target protein of ASPP2 was ob-served by Western blot assay;The biological effects of recombi-nant adenovirus on liver cancer cells were evaluated by MTT as-say;A549 cells were used to check replication of the competent adenovirus(RCA)by the observation of the cytopathic effect. Results PCRanalysisofE2BandASPP2wasinconsistent with theoretical values;Particle numbers of virus were 5. 6 × 1012 VP/mL,infectious titer was 2 ×1011 IU/mL and specific activity was 3. 5%;ASPP2 protein expression could be detected when cells were infected with virus for 24 h;Growth inhibition of liver cancer cells could be found by adding recombinant ASPP 2 adenovirus;The level of RCA was less than 1 RCA/3. 0 ×1010 VP,in line with the standards of China Food and Drug Adminis-tration(SFDA).Conclusion Thequalitycontrolmethodswere established aiming at key characters of human recombinant AS-PP2 adenovirus,which may provide foundations for its quality standard and future applications.

Objective The aim of this study was to assess the current situation and master degree on medical statistics among the medical correlation personnel, in order to provide useful information for transformation of education towards the medical correlation personnel . Methods Using cluster random sampling method to select 358 the medical correlation personnel who were recruited from health institutions in Chongqing to respond to the questionnaires. Questionnaire including respondent basic information, statis-tical knowledge and statistical knowledge needs. The data of the survey were analyzed by chi-square test, descriptive statistics analysis. Results 94.7% of the surveyed used statistical knowledge in the process of work or study. The main concentration of medical statistical knowledge utilization rate, the proportion of receive professional education or training courses of medical statistics and the willingness to participate in specialized training of medical statistics is 20-30 age group, No Title group, Master and over group andStudents group. As for ten categories of common statistical methods, thirty percent of people can use them skillfully, but the majority of the more advanced statistical analysis methods cannot be used or have never heard of. The greatest demand for learning ten kinds of common statistical methods is calculating cor-rectly through statistical software. Conclusion The vast majority of medical personnel need to use medical statistics in the actual work and study, but they have a lower mastery of statistical methods. Therefore, we should strengthen the medical statistics teaching and training for medical personnel.

Objective To evaluate the role of three dimensional (3D) speckle tracking echocardiography (STE) in detection of subclinical left ventricular (LV) systolic dysfunction in patients with aortic stenosis (AS).Methods The study included 47 patients with AS and 50 age-matched healthy individuals.Conventional echocardiographic parameters were measures,and 3D Speckle tracking imaging of the peak systolic strain was recorded.Results Three-dimensional global longitudinal strain (3D-GLS) were significantly reduced in patients with AS compared to controls (P ＜ 0.01).Three-dimensional global circumferential strain (3D-GCS) were significantly increased (P ＜ 0.05).Three-dimensional global area strain (3D-GAS) and three-dimensional global radial strain (3D-GRS) were similar between two groups (P ＞0.05).Correlation analysis showed that |3D-GLS| was negatively correlated with left ventricular mass index (LVMI) (r =-0.59,P ＜0.05) irrespective of |3D-GAS|,|3D-GCS|,3D-GRS,and left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF).Conclusions Patients with AS have evidence of subclinical LV systolic dysfunction despite preserved EF％.3D speckle tracking appears is useful in detection of subclinical LV dysfunction in patients with AS.

Studying effects of 50 Hz sinusoidal electromagnetic fields (SEMFs) with different intensities on peak bone mass (PBM) of rats may provide a theoretical basis for application of electromagnetic clinical field. 30 female SD rats, 6 weeks of age, were randomly divided into three groups: the control group, 0.1 mT electromagnetic field group (EMFs) and 0.6 mT EMFs. The EMFs groups were treated for 3 h/day. After 8 weeks, we examined their bone mineral densities (BMD) , measured their bone biomechanical properties, and made serum levels of osteocalcin (OC), tartrate-resistant acid phosphatase 5b (TRACP 5b), and histomorphometry. It was found that the BMD (P < 0.01), maximum mechanical load (P < 0.01) in the 0.1 mT group were significantly higher than those in the control group, and Yield strength (P < 0.05), the analyses of serum bone turnover markers and histomorphometric parameters were better than those in the control group (P < 0.05). However, the 0.6 mT group did not have significantly difference comparing with that in the control group. This study proved that 50 Hz 0.1 mT SEMFs can increased BMD, bone strength, and bone tissue microstructure. Therefore, 50 Hz 0.1 mT SEMFs can improve peak bone mass of rats.
Acid Phosphatase ; blood ; Animals ; Bone Density ; Bone and Bones ; physiology ; Electromagnetic Fields ; Female ; Isoenzymes ; blood ; Osteocalcin ; blood ; Rats ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Tartrate-Resistant Acid Phosphatase

Objective To investigate the clinical value of the echocardiography in the diagnosis of congenital mitral valve malformation and summarize its occurrence and type associated with other cardiac malformations.Methods The echocardiographic image data of 101 patients with congenital mitral valve malformation were retrospectively analyzed,the characteristics of different types were summarized and compared with operation results,CT,cardiac catheterization,transesophageal echocardiography,as well as the data of echocardiographic follow-up.Results Among 101 patients with echocardiographic examination showed mitral valve congenital malformation,63 cases were isolated valve set malformation (62.4％),and multiple valve set malformation were found in 38 cases (32.7％).In another side,39 cases were of single mitral valve malformation (38.6％),while 62 patients combined with other type cardiac malformations (61.4％).No significant difference of dynamic change was shown between patients with solitary and multiple malformation of mitral valve (P ＞0.05).Conclusions Echocardiography can display congenital mitral valve malformation in a fast,robust,real-time way.It has an important clinical value in the diagnosis of congenital mitral valve malformation.