Objective:To explore the possible specific perinatal risk factors in the development of autism through comparing the perinatal risk factors between patients with autism and other psychotic disorders.Methods: In this retrospective research,197 cases with autism and 93 cases with other psychotic disorders were selected and assessed with the self-made scale of perinatal risk factors.Statistical analyses were performed using t test and Chi-square test.Results:Compared with the control group,the autistic subjects had a significantly higher frequency of the perinatal risk factors(51 % vs.68%,P=0.003),particularly the rate of catching a cold during their mothers' pregnancy(14.2% vs.6.5%,P=0.038)and the rate of prematurity(10.7% vs.3.2%,P=0.022)than the control subjects.Feeding methods was different between the two groups(P=0.038).Conclusion:Catching a cold during mothers' pregnancy,prematurity and feeding methods may be related to the development of autism.

Objective: To observe the histological changes of lamina extema cranii at both the graft and donor areas after having been grafted in animal experiment. Methods; 4 mini pigs aged from 8 to 12 months were selected. Part of the outer table of skull (2.5 cm × 1.0 cm) was decorticated and was divided equally. Both were implanted on each side of the snouts of animals. 2 pigs were selected randomly and were killed 12 weeks postoperation. Each 1, 0 cm ×0. 5 cm specimen was harvested and histological study was performed. The other 2 animals were killed 24 weeks after operation. Gross inspection of the donor site was performed and histological study was done. Results; In the graft area; bone absorption was obvious 12 weeks postoperation, but bone matrix increased obviously at 24 weeks postoperation. Results of scanning electron microscope showed that interface between bone graft and recipient site was discernment and collagen type I was malaligned 12 weeks postoperation. Collagen fibers were in good order and good mineralization was found 24 weeks postoperation. In the donor area; small amounts of new bone formation could be seen and alignment of cemental line was chaotic 12 weeks postoperation. At 24 weeks, bone formation was obvious and alignment of haversian canal was regular. Scanning electron microscopy showed that structure of the tissue was uneven and disorder at 12 weeks postoperation. Collagen fibers were in good order and good mineralization was found 24 weeks postoperation. On gross view, raw surface of the donor site got complete healing, os-teanagenesis was incomplete and introcession could be observed in the local area. Conclusion; Histological remodeling of lamina exter-na cranii is complete at 24 weeks after having been grafted. The donor site can regenerate but morphologic introcession could be observed.

Objective To investigate the clinical value of preventive analgesia in patients with radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer.Methods The clinical data of 161 patients undergoing radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer at the Xijing Hospital from July 2012 to June 2013 were prospectively analyzed.A single-blind,randomized,controlled study was performed in the eligibe patients who were randomly divided into the preventive analgesia group and the control group based on a random number table.All the patients received major gastrectomy + Billroth Ⅱ anastomy or total gastrectomy + esophagojejunastomy,and then they received vein combined anesthesia and tracheal intubation.In the preventive analgesia group,10 mg dexamethasone and 200 mg parecoxib were administered by intravenous infusion before operation,7-8 mL ropivacaine (0.5％) were injected at the incisional site and transversus abdominis infiltration at open and close surgery and celecoxib was taken orally for 3 days.In the control group,vein analgesia pump was used after operation.The visual analogue scale (VAS),proportion of patients with postoperative out-off-bed activity time ＞ 8 hours,time of flatus,time of defecation and duration of hospital stay were recorded between the 2 groups.The measurement data with normal distribution were presented as x ± s.The comparison between groups was evaluated with the t test and repeated measures ANOVA.The data with skew distrubution and ordinal data were analyzed by the analysis of variance,and the count data were analyzed using the chi-square test.Results All the 161 patients who were screened for eligibility were randomly divided into the preventive analgesia group (87 patients) and the control group (74 patients).The scores of the VAS at postoperative day 1,2 and 3 were 2.8 ± 0.6,2.6 ± 0.4 and 1.8 ± 0.4 in the preventive analgesia group,and 5.3 ± 0.5,4.2 ± 0.6 and 2.4 ± 0.3 in the control group,with a significant difference between the 2 groups (F =4.25,P ＜ 0.05).The proportion of patients with postoperative first abmulation time ＞ 8 hours at postoperative day 1,2 and 3 were 8,17 and 20 in the preventive analgesia group,and 0,3 and 11 in the control group,with a significant difference between the 2 groups (x2 =7.60,10.26,3.16,P ＜ 0.05).The time of flatus,time of defecation and duration of hospital stay were (51 ± 24) hours,(61 ± 24) hours and (5.5 ± 3.0) days in the preventive analgesia group,compared with (71 ± 23) hours,(83 ± 30) hours and (6.3 ± 2.1) days in the control group,showing a significant difference between the 2 groups (t =5.32,5.04,0.17,P ＜ 0.05).All the patients in the 2 groups normally survived after surgery without respiratory depression,incision infection and adverse drug reaction.Conclusions Preventive analgesia in the perioperative treatment of patients with radical gastrectomy for gastric cancer could relieve the postoperative pain of patients,improve the bowel function and enhance the recovery of patients.Registry This study was registered with the Chinese Clinical Trial Registry with the registry number of ChiCTRTRC-11001440.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of simvastatin on patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) following carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Methods96 cases of TIA patients with carotid atherosclerosis plaque were randomly divided into simvastatin (statins) group and control group, 48 cases in each group. The statins group took simvastatin except routine therapy for 6 months, while the control group took Xuezhikang. The ultrasonic examination of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerosis area were carried out before and after treatment for both groups. The incident rates of cerebral vascular diseases within 6 months were compared between two groups.ResultsThe ultrasonic examination showed significantly thinning of carotid IMT and reducing of plaque area in statins group (P<0.05), while there wasn't significant difference in control group(P>0.05). The cerebral vascular incident rates in statins group were lower than in control group(P<0.05).ConclusionSimvastatin may be more effective for antiatherosclerotic function with bigger dosage and decrease ischemic cerebral vascular incidence.

Objective To evaluate the method and result of individual deglutition training on dysphagia after Stroke. Methods 36 patients with dysphagia after stroke were randomized into observation group (20 patients receiving individual deglutition training and routine therapy of neurology) and control group (16 patients receiving basal deglutition training and routine therapy of neurology).Results After treatment for 4 weeks, the score of dysphagia in observation group were higher than in control group (P<0.05). Conclusion Individual deglutition training could significantly improve the swallowing function of the patients with dysphagia after stroke.

Objective To explore the prevalence and epidemic characteristics of overweight, obesity, and central obesity in Shanghai Pudong New Area. Methods Multi-stage stratified random sampling method was conducted in Pudong New Area in 2013. Residents over 15 years old were randomly selected from 13 communities and participated in the cross-sectional study. A structured questionnaire was used to collect the information and physical examination, biochemical assays were also conducted. SPSS 20. 0 was used to analyze the results. Results The averagebodymassindexofparticipantswas(25.04±3.79)kg/m2andtheaveragewaistcircumferencewas(82.44± 9. 51) cm. The prevalences of overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 41. 67%, 17. 70%, and 31. 32%respectively. Standardized prevalences of overweight, obesity, and central obesity were 34. 39%, 16. 96%, and 25. 66% respectively, according to 2010 national age composition of population. Statistically significant sex differences were found among the prevalence of overweight, obesity, and central obesity groups(all P<0. 05). The prevalence of central obesity in female was raised by increasing age. Residents with hypertension, hyperglycemia, dyslipidemia, and metabolic disorders had higher prevalences in overweight, obesity, and central obesity ( all P<0. 05). Conclusion The prevalences of overweight, obesity, and central obesity among the residents in Shanghai Pudong New Area were relatively high. Relevant risk factors should be explored to promote health education that may enhance people′s awareness of weight management.

BACKGROUNDTo summarize the preliminary experience on Iressa for refractory non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC).

METHODSFifty-five patients with NSCLC, who failed after surgery, radiotherapy, chemotherapy or combination of the above modalities, were registered in this clinical trail. Prior to Iressa, 50 patients were in stage IV, and 5 in stage III. Iressa was administered orally at 250 mg, once a day until cancer progressed or severe toxicity occured, which made patients intolerable. The median time for administration of Iressa was 4 months.

RESULTSThe toxicity of Iressa was tolerable with 47% of skin toxicity (rash) and 2%-7% of diarrhea, nausea, orally mucosal ulceration and alopecia. Overall response rate was 20%. Different sites of distant metastases responded to Iressa in different ways with higher response rate for pulmonary disseminations. One quarter of patients felt improvement of their symptoms over 2 weeks. Median survival time for entire group was 5 months (1-17 months). Median time to progression (TTP) was 3.6 months. Survival at 6 months was 67%. Prognostic predictor, which could imply the outcome, was skin toxicity with higher response rate and longer survival time ( P < 0.05), and no relationship with sex, histological types of NSCLC and distant metastasis had been found.

CONCLUSIONSIressa could be tolerated by refractory NSCLC patients with acceptable side-effects, and have palliative effects.

Objective To explore the inhibitory effects of miR-15 b-5 p on choroid melanoma cell line proliferation by targeting CDK4.Methods Dual-luciferase assay was used to verify the direct binding site between miR-15 b-5 p and CDK4 3'-UTR. MUM-2 B cells were cultured in vitro and transfected with negative control RNA, miR-15 b-5 p mimics, inhibitor normal control (nc) RNA, and miR-15 b-5 p inhibitor. qRT-PCR was used to detect miR-15 b-5 p expression, Western blotting was used to measure the expression levels of CDK4 in the cells, CCK-8 assay was used to detect proliferation capacity, and flow cytometry was used to detect cell cycle. Results Dual-luciferase assay verified that miR-15 b-5 p could bind to CDK4 mRNA 3'-UTR successfully. Compared to the negative control group, the mimics group showed significantly increased miR-15 b-5 p expression, decreased CDK4 levels, decreased cell proliferation rate, and increased proportion of G1-phase cells. Compared to the inhibitor nc group, the inhibitor group showed significantly decreased miR-15 b-5 p expression (t = 25.01, P ＜ 0.000 1), increased CDK4 protein level, increased cell proliferation rate, and decreased proportion of G1-phase cells.Conclusion miR-15 b-5 p can target CDK4, induce G1 phase arrest in cells, and thus, reduce the proliferation rate of choroid melanoma cells.

A total of 6 patients were treated with surface knee joint prosthesis combined with 3D-printed customized bionic tibial block for reconstruction of bone defect after giant cell tumor (GCT) in proximal tibia (1 male and 5 females, aged 50, 40, 68, 53, 35, 42, respectively). 3 patients with primary and 3 patients with recurrence of GCT. After resection of the tumor, the bone defect was filled with 3D-printed block combined with surface knee prosthesis, the surrounding ligaments were reconstructed with microporous structure and artificial mesh. All cases were followed up for 60, 90, 60, 60, 75, and 50 months, respectively. During the follow-up, there was no local recurrence, no radiolucent lines around prosthesis, and no signs of loosening. The clinical scores of the American Knee Society Score (KSS) were 87, 92, 85, 90, 95 and 78. The functional scores were 70, 100, 70, 100, 100 and 80 respectively. Musculoskeletal Tumor Society Score (MSTS) were 27, 28, 26, 26, 26, 27, respectively. Surface knee prosthesis combined with bionic block can effectively fill the bone defect after resection of GCT in proximal tibia, achieve anatomical and functional reconstruction of knee joint.

Objective To study the compliance of forbidden depasturing livestock on the marshland with Oncomelania snails in schistosomiasis endemic areas. Methods According to 3 levels of human infection rates as > 10% ,5%-10% and <5% , 2 204 residents selected randomly from the schistosomiasis endemic villages were sampled with the stratified cluster sampling method in Hunan, Hubei, Jiangxi, Anhui, Jiangsu, Sichuan and Yunnan provinces, and investigated by questionnaire. The contents of the questionnaire included the recognition and implementation of forbidden depasturing livestock on marshland with Oncomelania snails and breeding livestock in bam. Results A total of 78.4% residents agreed forbidden depasturing livestock on marshland with snails, but 3. 7% residents disagreed it. A total of 83. 9% residents considered the relationship between breeding livestock in bam and schistosomiasis control, but 3. 1% residents thought that it was no relationship. The main reasons of depasturing livestock on marshland with Oncomelania snails were the high cost of breeding livestock in bam (36. 2% ) , unaccustomed (26.4% ) and no room for breeding livestock in bam (25.4% ). Conclusion Forbidden depasturing livestock on the marshland with Oncomelania snails should be strengthened according to the local economic, nature environment, agriculture, residents'culture degree and agriculture habit.