Induced pluripotent stem cell ( iPS cell ) , similar to embryonic stem cell, can be repro-grammed to the pluripotent state by ectopic expression of specific transcription factors. The iPS cells have pluri-potency and can be induced into neuron cells,which represent a promising cellular tool to study human neurode-velopmental disease,drug screening,diagnosis and personalized treatment. This article reviews the latest progress on iPS cell and its applications in neural developmental disease.

Objective To assess the relationship between eosinophil count and intracranial aneurysm (IA).Methods For the retrospective study,we collected data of the count of eosinophils obtained from the peripheral blood samples and other clinical data of 79 patients with IA admitted to our hospital between January 2014 and December 2015 and 65 healthy people as control group.Risk factors for IA were analyzed by multivariate Logistics regression analysis.Results Clinical characteristics were comparable between the two groups (P＞0.05).Compared with those in the control group,eosinophil and platelet counts in IA group were significantly higher [(0.18±0.12)109/L vs.(0.12±0.09)109/L;(196.44±57.33)109/L vs.(178.80±47.23)109/L,respectively;all P＜0.05],while platelet distribution width (PDW) and mean platelet volume (MPV) were lower [(13.95 ± 3.332)fL vs.(15.30±3.5)fL;(11.02±1.73)fL vs.(11.66±1.31)fL,respectively;all P＜0.05].Logistic regression analysis indicated that eosinophil was the independent risk factor for IA.Corclusion Our study demonstrated that increased eosinophil count is the independent risk factor for IA.

Objective: To obtain the antibody against N terminal of 1A6/DRIM, and thereafter get the profile of 1A6/DRIM expression in different cell lines. Methods: The N terminal of 1A6/DRIM (aa 577 714) was cloned into pGEX 4T 3. Multiple antigenic peptides (MAPs)(aa638 661) was synthesized as the antigen with Fmoc/PyBOP method. Rabbits were immunized by injecting the MAPs and the immunized sera were analyzed with ELISA and Western Blot. The Western Blot and immunofluorescence were performed to analyze the expressing profiles of the 1A6/DRIM in different tumor cell lines. Results: The antibody specifically recognized the full length of 1A6/DRIM as a 310 kDa band, which was also recognized by C terminal monoclonal antibody shown by Western Blot. 1A6/DRIM is expressed in multiple tumor cell lines and mainly located in the nuclei. Conclusion: Preparation of the antibody with MAPs is a useful technique when the fusion proteins can not be induced in E coli . The antibody we got via MAPs has supplied a good tool for further studies on the functions of the novel gene 1A6/DRIM.

Objective:To investigate clinical features, diagnosis and treatment of angioimmunoblastic T-cell lymphoma(AITL)in middle and old age patients.Methods:This was a retrospective study.A total of 33 middle-aged and elderly patients(a median age of 64 years, range 47~85 years)with AITL admitted to our hospital from May 2008 to March 2017, including 54.5% male(18 cases), were enrolled in this study.Clinical manifestations, pathology, imaging and survival data of patients were collected.The objective response rate(ORR)of patients with different therapeutic regimens was analyzed.The survival analysis was conducted by using the Kaplan-Meier method, the survival rate was analyzed by using the Log-rank method, and multivariate analysis was conducted by using the proportional hazards regression model.Results:The median overall survival(OS)was 26.0 months(8.5-43.5 months). The 1-year, 3-year and 5-year OS rate was 66.7%(22 cases), 45.5%(15 cases)and 24.2%(8 cases), respectively.The ORR of first-line chemotherapy with CHOP-like regimens(cyclophosphamide, doxorubicin, vincristine, prednisone)was 65.5%(19/29)and the incidence of serious adverse reactions was 64.5%(20/31). Single-factor chi-square testing showed that age ≥60 years, Barthel score ≥90, Eastern Cooperative Oncology Group performance status score(ECOG-PS)≥2, anemia, International prognostic index(IPI)score of 4~5, receiving chidamide treatment were influncing factors for the prognosis in middle-aged and elderly patients with AITL( χ2=5.103, 4.306, 6.004, 4.030, 6.348 and 4.080, P<0.05). Cox multivariate analysis showed that age ≥60 years and receiving chidamide treatment were independent prognostic factors affecting the 5-year survival rate of middle-aged and elderly AITL patients( OR=0.313 and 4.964, P<0.05). That the OS was better in the group receiving chidamide treatment than in the group without chidamide treatment( P<0.05). Conclusions:Clinical features of AITL are diverse and lack of specificity.Most patients present with advanced stage AITL at the initial diagnosis.The 5-year OS rate is low.AITL patients aged over 60 years have a poor prognosis.Chidamide can improve the OS rate.

Objective: To explore the effect and mechanism of omega 3-polyunsaturated fatty acid(ω3-PUFA) dietary intervention on mitochondrial function of white adipose tissue in adult rats with postnatal early overfeeding. Methods: An overfed animal model by adjusting litter size was developed for the study of neonatal overfeeding. The litter size was adjusted to 3 male rats per litter(small litter, SL group) and 10 pups per litter(normal litter, NL group). After weaning(week 3), the pups were fed standard chow or ω3-PUFA diet(SL-FO) until postnatal weeks 13. Food intake, body weight, and rectal temperature of rats were measured regularly, and energy metabolism of animals was monitored in week 13. During week 3 and 13, subcutaneous adipose tissue was collected. Inguinal preadipocytes of mice were isolated and induced to differentiate, and 50 μmol/L eicosapentaenoicacid(EPA) was administered for 48 h at the late stage of differentiation. The mRNA and protein expression levels of mitochondrial related genes, mitochondrial copy number, and oxygen consumption rate of adipocytes were detected in adipose tissue and adipocytes. Results: By the 3rd week, the body weight, food intake, and fat cell area in SL group were higher than those in NL group while the body temperature was lower until to 13 weeks. By the 13th week, the O₂ consumption, CO₂ output, and heat production of rats in SL group were lower than those in NL group. Meanwhile, the expressions of mitochondrial function related genes such as uncoupling protein 1(UCP1), carnitine palmitoyltransferase 1(CPT1), SIRT1, and mitochondrial biosynthesis regulatory gene peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor coativator-1 (PGC1α) in adipose tissue by the 3rd and 13th week were significantly reduced(P<0.05). After weaning, ω3-PUFA diet significantly reduced weight gain in SL rats, increased UCP1 protein expression, restored energy metabolism level and mitochondrial function related gene expression. In vitro intervention of EPA increased the mitochondrial copy number, the mRNA and protein expression levels of mitochondrial biosynthesis and functional genes, as well as the mitochondrial basic oxygen consumption rate(P<0.05). Conclusion ω3-PUFA improves postnatal overfeeding-induced impairment of the mitochondrial function and biosynthesis of subcutaneous white adipose tissue in rats, which may be an important mechanism for fish oil diet to inhibit the early over-nutrition program and restore the thermogenic metabolism.

Objective To investigate clinical characteristics and treatment of upper eyelid lipogranuloma cases that developed after facial autologous fat injection.Methods This retrospective study involved 8 patients who presented with upper eyelids symptoms (final diagnosis of lipogranulo ma) and had history of facial autologous fat injection.The collected data included information on patient sex,age,clinical presentation,laboratory findings,treatment and outcome.Results All 8 cases were managed by exploration and surgical removal through double eyelid surgery.All patients showed complete resolution over 1-12 months follow up period.Conclusions Lipogranuloma can develop in the upper eyelid after autologous fat injection into the face.and surgical removal can yield satisfactory outcomes in cases of repeated failure of conservative therapies.

Objective To systematically explore the efficacy of four intervention regiments including desmopressin, alarm, desmopressin combined with alarm, and desmopressin combined with anticholinergic drugs in the treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children by network meta-analysis. Methods The databases of PubMed, Cochrance Library, EMBase and Web of Science were systematically searched and retrieved upto August 1, 2017. Included were the randomized controlled trials (RCTs) which had any two or more of four intervention regiments (desmopressin, alarm, desmopressin combined with alarm, and desmopressin combined with anticholinergic drugs) for treatment of monosymptomatic nocturnal enuresis in children. The literature was screened according to the established inclusion and exclusion criteria, and the data extraction and quality evaluation were performed for the final inclusion of RCT. Software R 3.3.2 and STATA 14.0 were used for data analysis. Results Fifteen RCTs were included with a total of 1505 children. Network meta-analysis showed that the complete response rate and success rate of desmopressin combined with anticholinergic drugs were higher than those of desmopressin (complete reaction rate: OR=2.8, 95％ CI :1.5～5.4; success rate: OR=3.5, 95％ CI :1.7～7.5) and alarm (complete response rate: OR=2.7, 95％ CI :1.1～6.6; success rate: OR=3.8, 95％ CI: 1.6～9.0. The success rate of desmopressin combined with alarm was higher than that of alarm (OR=1.9, 95％CI: 1.1～3.4) . The recurrence rate of alarm after treatment was significantly lower than that of desmopressin (OR=0.15, 95％CI: 0.03～0.53) . The ranking results showed that the complete response rate and success rate of desmopressin combined with anticholinergic drugs were the best. The desmopressin combined with alarm can minimize the number of bed-wetting episodes per week and the recurrence rate of alarm was the lowest among the four regiments. Conclusion The effect of desmopressin combined with anticholinergic drugs is significantly better than that of alarm or desmopressin alone. The combination of desmopressin and alarm has a slight advantage or similar effect to that of single alarm or desmopressin treatment. The effect of desmopressin is similar to that of alarm. Alarm treatment has the lowest recurrence rate.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of rapamycin,an mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitor,on the proliferation,migration and fibrosis of human pterygium fibroblasts (PFBs). Methods Pterygium tissues were collected from patients with primary pterygium who underwent surgical excision in Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital from May to July 2015. The tissues were cultured in vitro and the PFBs were identified by anti.human vimentin immunofluorescence assay. The 3 to 5 generation cells were used for the experiments. The viability of cells treated with different concentrations of rapamycin was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium ( MTT) . The cells were divided into normal control group and rapamycin group, and the scratch wound healing test was used to evaluate migration of the PFBs. The expressions of MKI67,α.smooth muscle actin (α.SMA), fibronectin,caspase3, mammalian target of rapamycin ( mTOR ) and LC3B mRNA were detected by real.time quantitative PCR. Results The cultured cells showed morphology of long spindle and were vimentin immunopositive. The cell viability in rapamycin treated PFBs demonstrated a dose.dependent decrease. At 24 hours after culture,The cell viability in 30μmol/L rapamycin group was (76. 67±8. 84)％ of that in 0μmol/L rapamycin group ( P<0. 001 ) . The relative residual scratch width in 30μmol/L rapamycin group was ( 35. 40 ± 11. 62 )％ 48 hours after scratch,which was significantly greater than (2. 45±0. 76)％ in the normal control group (P<0. 05). Real.time quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of MKI67,α.SMA,fibronectin and mTOR in rapamycin group were significantly decreased when compared with those in normal control group (all at P<0. 05). The expression of LC3B mRNA in rapamycin group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P<0. 05). The mRNA expression of caspase3 was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0. 861). Conclusions Rapamycin can effectively inhibit the proliferation, migration and fibrosis of PFBs without affecting the cell survival. Detailed mechanism remains to be further studied. Rapamycin may serve as an anti.fibrosis agent to prevent the progression and recurrence of pterygium in the future.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect of rapamycin,an mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) pathway inhibitor,on the proliferation,migration and fibrosis of human pterygium fibroblasts (PFBs).Methods Pterygium tissues were collected from patients with primary pterygium who underwent surgical excision in Shenyang Fourth People's Hospital from May to July 2015.The tissues were cultured in vitro and the PFBs were identified by anti-human vimentin immunofluorescence assay.The 3 to 5 generation cells were used for the experiments.The viability of cells treated with different concentrations of rapamycin was detected by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT).The cells were divided into normal control group and rapamycin group,and the scratch wound healing test was used to evaluate migration of the PFBs.The expressions of MKI67,α-smooth muscle actin (α-SMA),fibronectin,caspase3,mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) and LC3B mRNA were detected by real-time quantitative PCR.Results The cultured cells showed morphology of long spindle and were vimentin immunopositive.The cell viability in rapamycin treated PFBs demonstrated a dose-dependent decrease.At 24 hours after culture,The cell viability in 30 μmol/L rapamycin group was (76.67±8.84)％ of that in 0 μmol/L rapamycin group (P＜0.001).The relative residual scratch width in 30 μ mol/L rapamycin group was (35.40±11.62) ％ 48 hours after scratch,which was significantly greater than (2.45±0.76) ％ in the normal control group (P＜0.05).Real-time quantitative PCR showed that the mRNA expressions of MKI67,α-SMA,fibronectin and mTOR in rapamycin group were significantly decreased when compared with those in normal control group (all at P＜0.05).The expression of LC3B mRNA in rapamycin group was significantly higher than that in normal control group (P＜0.05).The mRNA expression of caspase3 was not significantly different between the two groups (P=0.861).Conclusions Rapamycin can effectively inhibit the proliferation,migration and fibrosis of PFBs without affecting the cell survival.Detailed mechanism remains to be further studied.Rapamycin may serve as an anti-fibrosis agent to prevent the progression and recurrence of pterygium in the future.

Objective: To evaluate the clinical outcomes of a series of patients who have undergone reconstruction of craniofacial defects after resection of intracranial tumors or craniofacial trauma with free composite anterolateral thigh flaps. Methods: Retrospective analyses the clinical cases from September 2007 to September 2016. Data included flap survival rate, complication, satisfaction survey was reviewed to evaluate the efficacy and safety of this surgical strategy. Results: Totally 10 free anterolateral thigh flaps including 3 cases of fasciocutaneous flaps, 2 case of adipofascial flaps, 4 cases of myocutaneous flaps, 1 case of chimeric flap, were adopted to reconstruct craniofacial defects. Follow-up ranged from 3 to 17 months (average, 12 months). All flaps were transferred successfully. There were no cranial spinal fluid(CSF) leaks, intracranial infections or donor site complications. All patients were satisfied. Conclusions Because of its abundance of tissue, matched vessels to recipient site, versatility of muscular flaps to fill irregularly intracranial defects, reliable blood supply, feasibility of simultaneous fascia lata harvesting, free composite anterolateral thigh flap is the reconstructive method of choice for craniofacial defects reconstruction after resection of intracranial tumors or craniofacial trauma. The use of ALT flap was reliable in the decrease of CSF leak and infection rate and dependable according to long time follow-up.