It has become increasingly appreciated that newborn perceive and respond to pain.For immature preterm and illness term neonates,exposing to repeated and prolonged procedure pain can not only have short-term effects,such as behavioral and physiological variation or stress hormone and pain sensitization alternation,but also can cause long-term impacts including nervous system and pain system plasticity,chronic-pain-syndrome formation,endocrine modulating interference and behavioral,cognitive or emotional disorders.Here we provide a review about the effects of neonatal pain on health of short-term and long-term,and the mechanism of pain is also involved.

Background and purpose:The cinobufacini injection is a traditional antitumor drug.However,its mechanism iS still unclear.The purpose of this study was to observe the effect of cinobufacini injections in DNA TOPO Ⅰ of human hepatocellular carcinoma HcpG-2 cells.Methods:The cells that were proliferated were assessed by MTT assay.Cell cycles were shown through FCM.TOPO Ⅰ mRNA expression was analyzed through RT-PCR.The activity of TOPO Ⅰ was measured by TOPO Ⅰ mediated super coiled PHR322 relaxation.Supercoiled PBR322 was also used to determine the direct DNA breakages.Results:Cinobufacini injections significantly inhibited HepG-2 cells proliferation in ways that were dependent on dosages and time.Induced tumor cells arrest at the S-phase.TOPO ⅠmRNA expression decreased in a manner that was dependent on dosages which inhibited the TOPO Ⅰ mediated DNA relaxations.However,the cinobufacini injections could not directly induce DNA breakage at any concentration.Conclusion:Cinobufacini injections can inhibit human hepatocellular carcinoma HepG-2 cells proliferation.The regulation of topoisomerase Ⅰ activity and mRNA expression may be one of the mechanisms that causes the cinobufacini injection to contribute against tumor.

Objective To investigate the protective effects of epidermal growth factor (EGF) on pancreas of rats with acute pancreatitis(AP). Methods Seventy-two male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into 3 groups: Control group, AP group and AP-EGF group. Subcutaneously injection of EGF (0.1 ?g/g) were given to animals in the AP-EGF group after the establishment of the model of AP. The other two groups of animals received the same volume of saline. At 6 h, 12 h and 24 h after induction of AP, 8 animals in each group were sacrificed respectively, 4 ml of blood sample was withdrawn from heart,2 ml for the analysis of amylase activity and 2 ml for MDA content in serum. Ascites was sucked with dry gauzes and was weighed thereafter. Changes of pancreas morphology were evaluated at every time point. The same part of pancreas was removed for measurement of MDA content, apoptotic index (AI) and histologic changes. Results Histologic injury of the animals in the AP-EGF group was milder than that in the AP group. Ascites weight in the AP-EGF group decreased significantly compared with that in the AP group at 12 h and 24 h 〔(4.53?1.29) g vs (6.58?1.47) g, (7.64?1.85) g vs (11.96?2.13) g,P

Objective To investigate the effect of a new cloned full length gene, C2 gene, which encodes human eukaryotic translation initiation factor, on tumorigenesis of human gastric cancer cells in vivo and in vitro. Methods A constructed eukaryotic vector carrying the full length of C2 gene was amplified, purified, and transfected into a gastric cell line SGC7901 cell. The expression of C2 protein was examined with fluorescence activated cell sorting (FACS) and Western Blot. The effect of C2 gene on tumorigenesis of human gastric cancer cells was investigated in vitro and in vivo with methods of clone formation in plate and oncogenesis in nude mouse. Results FACS and Western Blot showed that C2 protein was expressed highly and stably in transfected cells. The average clone formation rate of C2 gene transducted cells is 43.8%, the rate which is lower than that of vector transducted cells (76.9%). In vivo, the time of tumorigenesis of C2 gene transducted cells in nude mouse is prolonged from 1 week to 2 weeks, and the volume of tumor node is smaller than that of vector transducted cells, that is, 1.20 and 5.58 cm 3 respectively ( P

Objective To investigate the expression of COX-2 in multiple myeloma(MM)and the relationship between myeloma cells proliferation and apoptosis.To provide a new prognosis factor and therapeutic target.Methods COX-2 from the 22 newly diagnosed MM,14 relapsed MM and PCNA,HSP70 of the newly diagnosed patients were detected by immunohistochemistry method.Results All the newly diagnosed MM exhibited positive COX-2 immunoreactivity.50% had strong COX-2 and 50% showed weak COX-2.Relapsed MM exhibited strong COX-2.COX-2 was related with serum β2 microglobulin,marrow plasma cells,hemoglobin,PCNA,HSP70(P=0.019,0.003,0.048,0.006,0.034).Conclusion COX-2 was overexpressed in MM.Prognosis of patients with strong COX-2 is poorer than those with weak COX-2.COX-2 may promote the proliferation and inhibit the apoptosis of myeloma cells.

BACKGROUND:High-incidence early acute reocculision and later restenosis following coronary artery stenting has been widely studied.Biodegradable material metal coated stent carrying paclitaxel,which can effectively inhibit restenosis,is promising for solving this problem.OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the effects of paclitaxel containing degradable material [poly (L-lactide) (PLLA)/polyglyoolide(PGA)]on human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells.DESIGN,TIME AND SETTING:The present controlled observational cytological experiment was performed at the Laboratory of Toxicity,College of Public Health,Jilin University between July 2003 and July 2005.MATERIALS:Paclitaxel (PLLA/PGA) (PLLA:PGA=9:1) was provided by the Changchun Institute of Applied Chemistry,China.METHODS:The primary human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells were cultured for passage cells.Thereafter,passage cells were co-cultured with degradable materials containing different concentrations of paclitaxel (1,2,and 3 g).Mental stent and paclitaxel-free PLLA/PGA were used for controls.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES:At 0,24,48,and 72 hours after culture,effects of degradable materials containing different concentrations of paclitaxel on smooth muscle cell growth were observed under a contrast microscope.RESULTS:Mental stent and paclitaxel-free PLLA/PGA had no influences on smooth muscle cell growth.Paclitaxel(PLLA/PGA) degradable material (1,2,and 3 paclitaxel) inhibited smooth muscle cell growth till 72 hours.There were significant differences between mental stent and paclitaxel-free PLLA/PGA and paxlitaxel(PLLA/PGA) groups (P＜0.01).CONCLUSION:Paclitaxel (PLLA/PGA) degradable material can be used as the intravascular stenting material for inhibiting smooth muscle cell growth.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the effects of simvastatin on patients with transient ischemic attack (TIA) following carotid atherosclerotic plaque.Methods96 cases of TIA patients with carotid atherosclerosis plaque were randomly divided into simvastatin (statins) group and control group, 48 cases in each group. The statins group took simvastatin except routine therapy for 6 months, while the control group took Xuezhikang. The ultrasonic examination of carotid artery intima-media thickness (IMT) and atherosclerosis area were carried out before and after treatment for both groups. The incident rates of cerebral vascular diseases within 6 months were compared between two groups.ResultsThe ultrasonic examination showed significantly thinning of carotid IMT and reducing of plaque area in statins group (P<0.05), while there wasn't significant difference in control group(P>0.05). The cerebral vascular incident rates in statins group were lower than in control group(P<0.05).ConclusionSimvastatin may be more effective for antiatherosclerotic function with bigger dosage and decrease ischemic cerebral vascular incidence.

ObjectiveTo explore the effects of phosphatidylinositol 3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/nuclear factor-kappa B (NF-κB) signal pathway on the process of follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) facilitating cell proliferation and invasion in human epithelial ovarian cancer. Methods Ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO were cultured to exponential phase,then assigned to control group,FSH group,LY294002 group and FSH + LY294002 group,respectively.Cells were treated with different concentration of FSH and LY294002,respectively.The effects of FSH on cell proliferation were observed by methylthiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT).Morphological changes were observed by phase contrast microscope.The ability of cell invasion was investigated by transwell invasion assay.The expression of FSH receptor (FSHR),Akt1/2,phosphorylated-Akt (p-Akt) and NF-κB p65 protein were detected by western blot.Results( 1 ) FSH could promote the proliferation of SKOV3 and 3AO cells.When the cells were treated with 40 U/L FSH for 48 hours (SKOV3) and 24 hours (3AO),compared with those in control groups,they reached the highest proliferation rate (P ＜ 0.05 ),respectively.(2) The morphology of SKOV3 and 3AO cells in four groups:in control group,SKOV3 cells were short spindle and 3AO cells were long spindle,the nuclei of them were both roundness or oval,the cytoplasm were bright.In FSH group,the cells changed to slightly longer or polygonal,they were full in shape,meanwhile,the cell intensity were higher than control group.In LY294002 group,some cells changed from spindle to round,and began to shrink.The cell intensity diminished.The morphology of FSH + LY294002 group was similar with control group,but the cell intensity was lower than that in FSH group.(3)The number of SKOV3 cell that passed through the membrane in control group,FSH group,LY294002 group and FSH + LY294002 group was (26 ± 6),( 118 ± 19),( 18 ± 5) and ( 38 ± 7 ),respectively.The number of 3AO cell was ( 19 ± 4 ),( 134 ± 20),(12 ±3) and (58 ± 11 ),respectively.The results showed that the number of cells in FSH group was significantly higher than that in control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ),while the number of cell in FSH + LY294002 group was significantly fewer than that in FSH group (P ＜ 0.05 ).(4) There was no significant difference in the expression of FSHR and Akt1/2 between FSH group and control group (P ＞ 0.05 ),but FSH increased the expression of p-Akt and the ratio of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus versus cytoplasm in SKOV3 and 3AO cells,there were significant differences compared with control group ( P ＜ 0.05 ).LY294002 reversed the effects of FSH on increasing the expression of p-Akt and the ratio of NF-κB p65 in the nucleus versus cytoplasm,there were significant differences among LY294002 group,FSH + LY294002 group and FSH group (P ＜ 0.05 ).ConclusionThe effects of FSH on proliferation and invasion of ovarian cancer cell lines SKOV3 and 3AO may be realized by regulating the activity of NF-κB in PI3K/Akt signal pathway.

BACKGROUND: The problem of the high rate of acute restenosis at an early and advanced stage has been a hot spot, while the stent with paclitaxel (poly-L-lactide, PLLA/polyglycolic acid, PGA) degradable material will resolve it. OBJECTIVE: To seek an ideal biologic degradable material used in biologic degradable stent. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: The comparative cytological study was performed at the Laboratory of Toxicology, Institute of Public Health, Jilin University (Key Laboratory of Radiobiology of Ministry of Public Health of China, Key Laboratory of Toxicology of Jilin Province) from July 2003 to July 2005. MATERIALS: Paclitaxel degradable material (PLLA/PGA) (PLLA:PGA= 9: l ) were offered by Changchun Applied Chemistry Institute of Chinese Academy of Science). Human umbilical arterial smooth muscle cells (SMCs) were purchased from Boster, Wuhan, China. METHODS: The sixth passage of SMCs were digested by 0.25% Trypsin under ambient temperature for 3 minutes, incubated in 10 mL 10% ox serum BMEM, and made into SMC suspension. The materials kept in hypothermal disinfectant Co60 were heated to 37 ℃ by waterbath after surface treatment, and then placed in a 6-well culture plate. SMC suspension was added into the middle of the materials. The density of cells was about 5×106/cm2. Cell suspension diffused around the materials gradually. At last, 10% ox serum BMEM culture solution was added into it, and cultivated in a 5% CO2 incubator at 37 ℃. The growth of cells in and surrounding the materials was observed by inverted microscope everyday. MAIN OUCOME MEASURES: The materials were obtained after culture for 3, 6, 12, 19, 26, 34 days and vacuum dehydration, and were weighed. The weight loss of materials was compared before and after culture. The average degradable rate of materials was calculated.RESULTS: Degradable material had no influence on the development of SMCs. The average degradation rate ex vivo was 0.45% per day. CONCLUSION: PLLA/PGA with good cellular compatibility could be applied to intravascular stents.

Objective To investigate the clinical and angiographic characteristics of no reflow phenomenon after primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) with acute myocardial infarction (AMI).Methods A total of 319 patients with AMI undergoing primary-PCI was divided into no-reflow and normal reflow groups.The incidence of no-reflow phenomenon,the clinical date,angiography findings,and surgical date were compared between two groups.Results No-reflow phenomenon occurred in forty(13.4％)of the patients after primary PCI.There was dramatic difference in combined hyperlipidemia,angina pectoris history before AMI,heart function ≥2 grades on admission,the length of the vascular lesions,vascular stenosis degree,blood clot load level,coronary artery opening time,and the expansion of the balloon between no-reflow and normal blood flow groups.Multiple logistic regression analysis identified that angina pectoris history before AMI,heart function classification on admission,high thrombus burden,the expansion of the balloon,and coronary artery opening time on angiography as independent predictors of no-reflow phenomenon.Conclusions The occurrence of no-reflow phenomenon after primary PCI was associated with high cholesterol history,no history of pre-infarction angina,heart function classification on admission,long vascular lesions,narrow degree of heavy,blood clots in the high load,coronary artery opened long time,and the expansion of the balloon more frequently.