Objective To explore the roles of vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and P38MAPK in the pathogenesis of Alzheimer's disease(AD) rats,and the effects of butyIphthalide on the influence of VEGF and P38MAPK in hippocampus of AD rats.Methods SD rats were randomly divided into blank group,AD model group,butylphthalide low-dose group and high dose group (n =8 rats per group).Aggregated Aβ1-42 was injected into the bilateral hippocampus of rats by stereotaxic coordinates method to induce AD.Morris water maze test was used to determine the abilities of learning and memory.Western blotting combined with Gel Doc imagine systems were used to investigate the expression of VEGF and P-P38MAPK in hippocampus of AD rats.Results The result of Morris water maze experiment showed that one week after modeling,escape latency was different(F =66.658,P ＜ 0.05),and either dose the frequency of crossing platform (F =6.884,P ＜0.05).Compared with the blank group,the other three groups'latent period of escape was extended significantly(P ＜ 0.05),and frequency of crossing platform was significantly less (P ＜ 0.05).After drug intervention for 4 weeks,the expression of VEGF was difference(F =171.064,P ＜0.05),it was decreased obviously in the model group than blank group(P ＜=0.05),but it was increased in the drug intervention groups than model group (P ＜ 0.05),and increased more significantly in the high dose group than low dose group (P ＜ 0.05).The expression of P38MAPK had no obvious change among four groups (P ＞ 0.05),however,the expression of P-P38MAPK showed difference(F =104.395,P ＜ 0.05),it was increased in drug intervention and model group than blank group (P ＜ 0.05),it was increased in drug intervention and model group than blank group (P ＜ 0.05),reduced significantly in drug intervention groups than model group (P ＜ 0.05),and decreased more significantly in high dose groups than low dose group (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Butylphthalide could obviously enhance the expression of VEGF,reduce the expression of P-P38MAPK in hippocampus of AD rats.

Background:Accumulating evidence links colorectal cancer (CRC) with the gut microbiota.Fusobacterium nucleatum (F.nucleatum) has been revealed to be involved in the development of CRC, however, the mechanism of F.nucleatum in mediating colorectal tumorigenesis is still poorly understood.Aims:To investigate the effect and potential mechanism of F.nucleatum on CRC.Methods:Wild type C57BL/6 mice and APC(Min/+) mice characterized by multiple intestinal neoplasia were used in this animal study.After administered with F.nucleatum intragastrically and/or 1,2-dimethylhydrazine (DMH, a carcinogen) subcutaneously, the aberrant crypt foci (ACF) and colonic tumor were counted at 8th and 20th week, respectively.Structural alteration of intestinal microbiota and mucosal immune factors were detected in wild type C57BL/6 mice receiving different interventions by using Roche 454 GS FLX pyrosequencing and Bio-Plex ProTM cytokine assay, respectively.Results:In DMH-treated wild type C57BL/6 mice or APC(Min/+) mice, number of ACF and colonic tumor in those administered with F.nucleatum were significantly higher than those without (P<0.05).F.nucleatum colonization significantly altered the lumen microbial structure, with decreased Cyanobacterium and increased Tenericutes and Verrucomicrobia (P all <0.05).Furthermore, F.nucleatum up-regulated expressions of tumor-related immune factors in colonic mucosa, such as IL-21, IL-22, IL-31 and CD40L (P<0.05).Conclusions:F.nucleatum colonization in intestine may prompt colonic tumorigenesis in mice via inducing intestinal dysbiosis and modulating tumor-related immune factors expression.

OBJECTIVETo summarize the clinical features of those Duchenne and Becker muscular dystrophy (DMD and BMD) patients who are complicated with epilepsy, and try to analyze the genotype- phenotype correlation.

METHODBy a retrospective analysis of 307 patients with DMD and BMD who attended Peking University First Hospital from February 2006 to September 2014,7 patients complicated with epilepsy were identified and their clinical data were collected. The possible mechanism of epilepsy in DMD and BMD patients was proposed after analyzing the genotype-phenotype correlation.

RESULT(1) Among 307 DMD and BMD patients, 7 cases had epilepsy, the prevalence was 2. 28%. (2) The age of onset of epilepsy ranged from 8 months to 11 years. Focal seizure was the most common seizure type (6 cases) , while other seizure types were also involved, such as generalized tonic-clonic seizure. As to epilepsy syndromes, 1 boy was diagnosed as benign childhood epilepsy with centrotemporal spikes (BECT). Six patients were treated with 1 or 2 types of antiepileptic drugs and seizures were controlled well. On follow-up, 6 of the 7 children had normal mental development, while the remaining 1 patient was diagnosed as mild mental retardation. (3) DMD gene mutations of all 7 patients were analyzed. Exons deletions were found in 6 cases while point mutation was found in 1 case.

CONCLUSIONThe prevalence of epilepsy in DMD and BMD patients was higher than the prevalence in normal population. The age of onset of epilepsy varies, and focal seizure may be the most common seizure type. Some patients may also present as some kind of epilepsy syndrome, such as BECT. In most patients, seizures can be controlled well by 1 or 2 types of antiepiletic drugs. No clear correlation was found between genotype and phenotype in DMD and BMD patients who were complicated with epilepsy, probably due to limited number of cases.

Anticonvulsants ; therapeutic use ; Child ; Epilepsy ; complications ; drug therapy ; epidemiology ; Exons ; Genotype ; Humans ; Intellectual Disability ; etiology ; Male ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; complications ; genetics ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Prevalence ; Retrospective Studies ; Seizures ; Sequence Deletion

Objective To observe the effects of different levels of sodium arsenite ( NaAsO2) on mRNA expression of pigment epithelium-derived factor (PEDF) and apoptosis-related factors in PC12 cells ( rat neuron properties pheochromocytoma). Methods PC12 cells were treated with different levels of NaAsO2 [0 (control group), 2, 5, 10 μmol/L] for 24 hours. The mRNA expression of PEDF and apoptosis-related factors (Bax, Bcl-2) were detected by real-time quantitative PCR. Results There were significant differences in the mRNA expressions of PEDF between the 4 groups (F=102.28, P<0.05), the mRNA expressions of PEDF in the group of 2, 5, 10μmol/L (0.70 ± 0.07, 0.33 ± 0.04, 0.23 ± 0.10) was lower than that of control group (1.15 ± 0.11, P< 0.05); there were no significant differences in the mRNA expressions of Bax between the 4 groups (0, 2, 5, 10 μmol/L groups: 0.95 ± 0.12, 0.80 ± 0.11, 0.88 ± 0.11, 1.01 ± 0.11, F= 2.01, P> 0.05); there were significant differences in the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 between the 4 groups (F=19.87, P<0.05), the mRNA expressions of Bcl-2 in the group of 2, 5, 10 μmol/L (0.65 ± 0.03, 0.49 ± 0.04, 0.57 ± 0.09) were lower than that of control group (0.95 ± 0.11, all P<0.05);there were significant differences in the mRNA expressions of Bax/Bcl-2 between the 4 groups (F=8.352, P<0.05), the mRNA expressions of in the group of 5, 10μmol/L (1.80 ± 0.72, 1.82 ± 0.36) were higher than that of control group (1.02 ± 0.24, all P<0.05). Conclusion NaAsO2 may increase the expression of apoptosis-related factorsBax/Bcl-2 mRNA by decreasing the expression of PEDF mRNA in PC12 cells, leading to apoptosis in PC12 cells.

With the increasing incidence of hematologic malignancies, exploring its pathogenesis and new treatment strategies has become new research directions. The development of high-throughput sequencing technology has led to the recognition of long non-coding RNA, which plays an important role in the development of life and the regulation of diseases. As the first reported long non-coding RNA, H19 acts as an oncogene to take part in various pathological processes in the growth and metastasis of tumors. However, the multiple roles of H19 in hematologic malignancies are lack of systematic summary. This article reviews the role of H19 in carcinogenesis, progression and drug resistance mechanism of hematologic malignancies, in order to provide guidance for further research.

Objective:To explore the responsibilities of respiratory nurses in the management of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) patient and the difficulties in disease management, so as to provide reference basis for formulating COPD management training strategies for respiratory nurses.Methods:Using phenomenological methodology, 14 nurses from the Department of Respiratory and Critical Care Medicine in the General Hospital of Ningxia Medical University and the First People′s Hospital of Yinchuan were interviewed in a personal semi-structured way from May to August 2021, and the data were sorted and analyzed according to Colaizzi 7-step analysis method.Results:Nurses′understanding of the responsibilities of COPD patient management could be summarized into five themes: dynamic monitoring and management of patients′ health, nursing decision-making of sudden changes in patients′ condition, implementation of patients′ out of hospital follow-up, promotion of improvement of patients′ self-management behavior, and cooperation among multidisciplinary team members. The difficult experience of nurses in the management of COPD patients abstracted five themes: lack of professional knowledge of COPD management, lack of clinical nursing decision-making authority, lack of human and financial support for follow-up, lack of communication skills with patients, and lack of multidisciplinary team formation in the hospital.Conclusions:Respiratory nurses have a clear understanding of the responsibilities of COPD patient management, but there are multiple difficulties in performing their responsibilities. We should pay attention to the responsibility positioning and difficulty support of nurses′ COPD management, and formulate targeted training strategies to promote the improvement of COPD nursing quality.

Inorganic arsenic (iAs) is a toxic metalloid found ubiquitously in the environment. In humans, exposure to iAs can result in toxicity and cause toxicological manifestations. Arsenic trioxide (As2O3) has been used in the treatment for acute promyelocytic leukemia. The kidney is the critical target organ of trivalent inorganic As (iAsIII) toxicity. We examine if oral administration of astaxanthin (AST) has protective effects on nephrotoxicity and oxidative stress induced by As2O3 exposure (via intraperitoneal injection) in rats. Markers of renal function, histopathological changes, Na+-K+ ATPase, sulfydryl, oxidative stress, and As accumulation in kidneys were evaluated as indicators of As2O3 exposure. AST showed a significant protective effect against As2O3-induced nephrotoxicity. These results suggest that the mechanisms of action, by which AST reduces nephrotoxicity, may include antioxidant protection against oxidative injury and reduction of As accumulation. These findings might be of therapeutic benefit in humans or animals suffering from exposure to iAsIII from natural sources or cancer therapy.
Adenosine Triphosphatases ; Administration, Oral ; Animals ; Arsenic ; Humans ; Kidney ; Leukemia, Promyelocytic, Acute ; Oxidative Stress ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar*

OBJECTIVETo investigate the postoperative adverse events and survival of patients with sustained-released fluorouracil implanted during operation.

METHODSData of 124 patients with advanced gastric cancer undergoing radical operation in Tianjin Medical University Cancer Institute and Hospital from January 2007 to January 2009 were analyzed retrospectively. All the patients were divided into two groups according to whether intra-operative fluorouracil was implanted or not. The treatment group(n=64) was implanted with fluorouracil in abdominal cavity after radical resection. The control group(n=60) did not receive fluorouracil implant in abdominal cavity after radical resection. Abdominal drainage fluid, temperature and adverse events within 15 postoperative days and 3-year survival were observed and compared between the two groups.

RESULTSPathological findings of the two groups were similar. No statistical significances existed in abdominal drainage fluid, temperature and adverse events within 15 postoperative days(P>0.05). The 3-year survival rate was higher in treatment group(64.3% vs. 42.4%, P=0.018).

CONCLUSIONIntra-operative sustained-released fluorouracil implants are safe and tolerable, and can improve the survival rate of patients with advanced gastric cancer.

Abdominal Cavity ; Antimetabolites, Antineoplastic ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Fluorouracil ; administration & dosage ; therapeutic use ; Humans ; Retrospective Studies ; Stomach Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; surgery ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo elucidate the usefulness of next generation sequencing for diagnosis of inherited myopathy, and to analyze the relevance between clinical phenotype and genotype in inherited myopathy.

METHODRelated genes were selected for SureSelect target enrichment system kit (Panel Version 1 and Panel Version 2). A total of 134 patients who were diagnosed as inherited myopathy clinically underwent next generation sequencing in Department of Pediatrics, Peking University First Hospital from January 2013 to June 2014. Clinical information and gene detection result of the patients were collected and analyzed.

RESULTSeventy-seven of 134 patients (89 males and 45 females, visiting ages from 6-month-old to 26-year-old, average visiting age was 6 years and 1 month) underwent next generation sequencing by Panel Version 1 in 2013, and 57 patients underwent next generation sequencing by Panel Version 2 in 2014. The gene detection revealed that 74 patients had pathogenic gene mutations, and the positive rate of genetic diagnosis was 55.22%. One patient was diagnosed as metabolic myopathy. Five patients were diagnosed as congenital myopathy; 68 were diagnosed as muscular dystrophy, including 22 with congenital muscular dystrophy 1A (MDC1A), 11 with Ullrich congenital muscular dystrophy (UCMD), 6 with Bethlem myopathy (BM), 12 with Duchenne muscular dystrophy (DMD) caused by point mutations in DMD gene, 5 with LMNA-related congenital muscular dystrophy (L-CMD), 1 with Emery-Dreifuss muscular dystrophy (EDMD), 7 with alpha-dystroglycanopathy (α-DG) patients, and 4 with limb-girdle muscular dystrophy (LGMD) patients.

CONCLUSIONNext generation sequencing plays an important role in diagnosis of inherited myopathy. Clinical and biological information analysis was essential for screening pathogenic gene of inherited myopathy.

Adolescent ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Contracture ; DNA Mutational Analysis ; Female ; Genetic Diseases, Inborn ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Genetic Testing ; Genotype ; High-Throughput Nucleotide Sequencing ; Humans ; Infant ; Male ; Molecular Diagnostic Techniques ; Muscular Diseases ; diagnosis ; genetics ; Muscular Dystrophies ; congenital ; Muscular Dystrophies, Limb-Girdle ; Muscular Dystrophy, Duchenne ; Muscular Dystrophy, Emery-Dreifuss ; Mutation ; Phenotype ; Sclerosis ; Walker-Warburg Syndrome ; Young Adult

Secretory IgA (SIgA) antibodies in external secretions play an important role in mucosal immune response. Polymeric SIgA was advantageous over monomeric IgA (mIgA) and IgG in several aspects. To express secretory IgA antibody against H5N1 virus, we constructed the secretory component and immunoglobulin J expressing plasmids and co-transfected the plasmids into the Chinese hamster ovary cells (CHO) stably expressing immunoglobulin A. Then we used Zeocin to select the positive clone cells, monoclonal cells stably secreting SIgA was screened through fold dilution method at last. The SIgA antibody secreted from the CHO cells was confirmed by Western blotting, which demonstrated that we had got the complete SIgA molecular. The successful expression of this polymeric anti-H5N1 SIgA in CHO cells will contribute to the production of recombinant SIgA as a preventive agent for infectious disease control.
Animals ; Antibodies, Viral ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; CHO Cells ; Cloning, Molecular ; Cricetinae ; Cricetulus ; Genetic Vectors ; Immunoglobulin A ; immunology ; Immunoglobulin A, Secretory ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology ; Influenza A Virus, H5N1 Subtype ; immunology ; Recombinant Fusion Proteins ; biosynthesis ; genetics ; immunology