Dioscin chemical compositions are the main effective components in clinical commonly used Chinese medicines such as Diaoxinxuekang capsules and Xinnaoshutong capsules etc , which show distinct curative effect on cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases.Meanwhile, they are the important raw materials for the synthesis of steroid hormone drugs .The studies on the extraction technology exhibit important significance in the exploration of pharmacological activities of the components , which also are the external requirements for the growing demand of steroid hormone drugs market .In this paper , the relatively mature extraction methods re-searched in recent years were summarized ,and the advantages and disadvantages of the different processes were discussed in order to provide reference for the further studies and application .

Objective:To investigate the relationship between lncRNA SNHG6 and breast cancer and its possible mechanism.Methods:Fluorescence quantitative PCR was used to detect the expression of SNHG6, miR-30-5p, and FKBP3 in human normal breast epithelial cell line MCF-10A and human breast cancer cell line MCF-7. According to the experiment content, MCF-7 cells were divided into the following groups:① si-NC group, si-SNHG6 group, si-NC+miR-30-5p inhibitor group and si-SNHG6+miR-30-5p inhibitor group;②miR-NC group, miR-30-5p inhibitor group, miR-30-5p inhibitor+sh-NC group and miR-30-5p inhibitor+sh-FKBP3 group. The expression of SNHG6 was inhibited by siRNA technology, and the miR-30-5p mimic (mimic) , inhibitor (inhibitor) and negative control (miR-NC) were transfected into MCF-7 cells by liposome-mediated method. A short hairpin RNA (shRNA) lentiviral expression vector targeting FKBP3 gene was constructed to inhibit FKBP3 expression. CCK-8, cell colony formation experiment, cell wound healing experiment and Transwell experiment were used to observe the proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells in each group. Bioinformatics software, dual luciferase reporter gene experiment and Western blotting were used to analyze the targeting relationship between SNHG6 and miR-30-5p, miR-30-5p and FKBP3.Results:Compared with MCF-10A cells, the expression levels of SNHG6 and FKBP3 in MCF-7 cells increased significantly, while the expression levels of miR-30-5p decreased significantly ( t=21.097, P=0.000; t=17.812, P=0.000; t=33.671, P=0.000) . Compared with si-NC group, the proliferation activity of MCF-7 cells in the si-SNHG6 group was significantly inhibited ( t=19.569, P=0.000; t=25.077, P=0.000) , and the number of cell colonies formed significantly decreased ( t=34.071, P=0.000) . Migration and invasion of cells were also inhibited ( t=33.419, P=0.000; t=29.372, P=0.000) . There were complementary binding sites between miR-30-5p and SNHG6. The luciferase activity of miR-30-5p mimic and SNHG6-WT co-transfected group was significantly lower than that of miR-NC and SNHG6-WT co-transfected group ( t=31.596, P=0.000) . The proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells in each group were significantly different ( F=268.014, F=398.483, F=244.962) . Compared with si-SNHG6 group, the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of MCF-7 cell in si-SNHG6+miR-30-5p inhibitor group increased significantly ( P=0.000) ; Compared with si-NC+miR-30-5p inhibitor group, the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of MCF-7 cells in si-SNHG6+miR-30-5p inhibitor group decreased significantly ( P=0.000) . There were complementary binding sites between miR-30-5p and 3’UTR of FKBP3. The luciferase activity of miR-30-5p mimic and FKBP3-WT co-transfected group was significantly lower than that of miR-NC and FKBP3-WT co-transfected group ( t=28.557, P=0.000) . After transfection, the FKBP3 protein expression of MCF-7 cells in each group was significantly different ( F=102.523) . Compared with miR-NC group, FKBP3 protein expression of miR-30-5p mimic group was significantly reduced, while FKBP3 protein expression of miR-30-5p inhibitor group was significantly increased ( P=0.000) . The proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells in each group were significantly different ( F=177.036, F=285.530, F=217.992) . Compared with miR-30-5p inhibitor group and miR-30-5p inhibitor+sh-NC group, the proliferation, migration and invasion ability of MCF-7 cells in miR-30-5p inhibitor+sh-FKBP3 group was significantly decreased ( P=0.000 ) . Conclusion:Inhibiting the expression of miR-30-5p can reverse the inhibitory effect of down-regulation of SNHG6 on the proliferation, migration and invasion of MCF-7 cells.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the impact of primary site, NIH risk and imatinib treatment on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors(GIST).

METHODSClinicopathological data of 156 adult patients with GIST treated by imatinib in the Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to NIH risk classification, 30 patients were at moderate risk and 126 at high risk. Sixty-seven patients had advanced GIST. Prognosis of patients with different primary tumor site, different NIH risk and different treatment was compared respectively.

RESULTSImatinib therapy was well tolerated in all the patients. Eighty-nine cases received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment. Among 67 advanced GIST cases, 26 received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, 27 received palliative operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, and 14 received simple adjuvant imatinib treatment without operation. All the patients had routine follow-up, ranging from 9 to 56(median 27) months. The overall survival (OS) rate was 96% in 1-year, 86% in 2-year, and 71% in 3-year. The OS rate was 95% in 1-year, 77% in 2-year, and 65% in 3-year for patients at high risk, and all 100% in 1-, 2-, 3-year for patients at moderate risk, the differences was statistically significant (P=0.001). The OS rate was 97% in 1-year, 90% in 2-year, and 84% in 3-year for patients with gastric GIST, and 95% in 1-year, 69% in 2-year, and 52% in 3-year for patients with non-gastric GIST, the difference was significant(P=0.000). The OS rate was 98% in 1-year, 95% in 2-year, and 90% in 3-year for patients undergoing radical resection and adjuvant imatinib therapy. For 67 advanced GIST patients with imatinib therapy, none had complete remission, 41 had part remission, 15 had stable disease, indicating 56 advanced GIST cases(83.6%) obtaining clinical benefit. The OS rate was 91% in 1-year, 58% in 2-year, and 43% in 3-year.

CONCLUSIONSThe prognosis of high, and non-gastric and advanced GIST patients is poor. Radical resection combined with early imatinib treatment can improve the prognosis of GIST patients.

Antineoplastic Agents ; therapeutic use ; Benzamides ; therapeutic use ; Combined Modality Therapy ; Follow-Up Studies ; Gastrointestinal Neoplasms ; drug therapy ; pathology ; Gastrointestinal Stromal Tumors ; drug therapy ; Humans ; Imatinib Mesylate ; Piperazines ; therapeutic use ; Prognosis ; Pyrimidines ; therapeutic use ; Retrospective Studies ; Survival Rate

OBJECTIVETo study the types of subspecies of Francisella tularensis from China and to investigate the genetic relationships between F. tularensis strains from China and from other countries.

METHODSTen strains of F. tularensis isolated from China were amplified by using typing primers C1/C4 and RD1. On the basis of the lengths of the polymerase chain reaction (PCR) products, it was concluded that these strains of F. tularensis belonged to the same subspecies. At the same time, the fopA, tul4, and 16S rRNA genes of the 10 strains were amplified, and a three-gene based phylogenetic analysis was performed using the Molecular Evolutionary Genetics Analysis software version 4.0.

RESULTSThe 10 strains of F. tularensis from China were all identified as belonging to subspecies holarctica (type B). We found no direct relationship between the genotypes of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica and the geographical area from where they were isolated.

CONCLUSIONThe F. tularensis strains isolated from North China mainly belong to subspecies holarctica (type B). The strains of F. tularensis subsp. holarctica from China may have evolved earlier than those from Europe and North America.

China ; Francisella tularensis ; classification ; genetics ; Molecular Sequence Data ; Phylogeny

The SRPX2 protein is a secreted protein associated with the development of the nervous system，playing a particularly important role in language development.In childhood，language developmental disorders can severely affect children's physical and mental development，and often coexist with delayed intellectual development.Currently，mutations in this gene are not common in humans.The gene is located on the X chromosome，and both males with mutations and female carriers may develop symptoms；the severity of these symptoms ars not entirely correlated with the location of the mutation.The SRPX2 gene forms a language pathway with the uPAR and FOXP2 genes，affecting language development.Additionally，SRPX2 gene mutations affect the migration of cortical neurons and complement-mediated synaptic elimination.Mutations in the SRPX2 gene that have been reported to date can lead to epilepsy，delayed language development，intellectual disability，autism，microcephaly，polymicrogyria，and hearing impairment，among other conditions.This article reviews the role of SRPX2 in the development of the nervous system and related diseases.

Objective To analyze the adolescent tuberculosis reported in Haikou region between 2018 and 2021 and factors influencing the outcome. Methods The data on adolescent tuberculosis cases reported in Tuberculosis Information Management System in the Haikou Regional Centre for Disease Control and Prevention (RCDC) from 2018 to 2021 were collected. A follow-up survey was carried out until 31 December 2022. The changes in reported incidence of adolescent tuberculosis in Haikou was analyzed, and multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression models were used to identify independent factors influencing the outcome of adolescent tuberculosis. Results A total of 265 cases of tuberculosis in adolescents were reported between 2018 and 2021, of which 55 were reported in 2018, 74 in 2019, 67 in 2020, and 69 in 2021. The total number of reported cases of tuberculosis was 140 among male adolescents, which was slightly higher than 125 among female adolescents. The number of reported cases of tuberculosis was 134 in adolescents ≥15 years of age and 131 in adolescents <15 years of age. No statistically significant difference was reported between good outcome group and poor outcome group in age, gender, place of residence, nationality, and domicile place (P>0.05), whereas difference was found in the history of tuberculosis between two groups (P<0.05). Multivariate Cox proportional hazards regression model denoted that retreated tuberculosis (HR: 2.172, 95%CI: 1.483-3.007), complicating underlying disease (HR: 1.451, 95%CI: 1.080-1.985), and number of sputum smears (HR: 2.617, 95%CI: 1.531-3.458) were the risk factors for adverse outcomes in adolescent tuberculosis. Conclusion From 2018 to 2021, the number of reported adolescents of pulmonary tuberculosis in Haikou increased, suggesting that the management and prevention of adolescents should be strengthened to improve the prognosis rate of adolescents.

Objective To evaluate the impact of primary site, NIH risk and imatinib treatment on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods Clinicopathological data of 156 adult patients with GIST treated by imatinib in the Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to NIH risk classification, 30 patients were at moderate risk and 126 at high risk. Sixty-seven patients had advanced GIST. Prognosis of patients with different primary tumor site , different NIH risk and different treatment was compared respectively. Results Imatinib therapy was well tolerated in all the patients. Eighty-nine cases received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment. Among 67 advanced GIST cases, 26 received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, 27 received palliative operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, and 14 received simple adjuvant imatinib treatment without operation. All the patients had routine follow-up, ranging from 9 to 56 (median 27) months. The overall survival (OS) rate was 96% in 1-year, 86% in 2-year, and 71% in 3-year. The OS rate was 95% in 1-year, 77% in 2-year, and 65% in 3-year for patients at high risk, and all 100% in 1-, 2-, 3-year for patients at moderate risk, the differences was statistically significant (P=0.001). The OS rate was 97%in 1-year, 90% in 2-year, and 84% in 3-year for patients with gastric GIST, and 95% in 1-year, 69%in 2-year, and 52%in 3-year for patients with non-gastric GIST, the difference was significant(P=0.000). The OS rate was 98% in 1-year, 95% in 2-year, and 90% in 3-year for patients undergoing radical resection and adjuvant imatinib therapy. For 67 advanced GIST patients with imatinib therapy , none had complete remission, 41 had part remission, 15 had stable disease, indicating 56 advanced GIST cases (83.6%) obtaining clinical benefit. The OS rate was 91% in 1-year, 58% in 2-year, and 43% in 3-year. Conclusions The prognosis of high, and non-gastric and advanced GIST patients is poor. Radical resection combined with early imatinib treatment can improve the prognosis of GIST patients.

Objective To evaluate the impact of primary site, NIH risk and imatinib treatment on the prognosis of patients with gastrointestinal stromal tumors (GIST). Methods Clinicopathological data of 156 adult patients with GIST treated by imatinib in the Cancer Institute and Hospital of Tianjin Medical University from January 2006 to December 2010 were retrospectively analyzed. According to NIH risk classification, 30 patients were at moderate risk and 126 at high risk. Sixty-seven patients had advanced GIST. Prognosis of patients with different primary tumor site , different NIH risk and different treatment was compared respectively. Results Imatinib therapy was well tolerated in all the patients. Eighty-nine cases received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment. Among 67 advanced GIST cases, 26 received radical operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, 27 received palliative operation and adjuvant imatinib treatment, and 14 received simple adjuvant imatinib treatment without operation. All the patients had routine follow-up, ranging from 9 to 56 (median 27) months. The overall survival (OS) rate was 96% in 1-year, 86% in 2-year, and 71% in 3-year. The OS rate was 95% in 1-year, 77% in 2-year, and 65% in 3-year for patients at high risk, and all 100% in 1-, 2-, 3-year for patients at moderate risk, the differences was statistically significant (P=0.001). The OS rate was 97%in 1-year, 90% in 2-year, and 84% in 3-year for patients with gastric GIST, and 95% in 1-year, 69%in 2-year, and 52%in 3-year for patients with non-gastric GIST, the difference was significant(P=0.000). The OS rate was 98% in 1-year, 95% in 2-year, and 90% in 3-year for patients undergoing radical resection and adjuvant imatinib therapy. For 67 advanced GIST patients with imatinib therapy , none had complete remission, 41 had part remission, 15 had stable disease, indicating 56 advanced GIST cases (83.6%) obtaining clinical benefit. The OS rate was 91% in 1-year, 58% in 2-year, and 43% in 3-year. Conclusions The prognosis of high, and non-gastric and advanced GIST patients is poor. Radical resection combined with early imatinib treatment can improve the prognosis of GIST patients.

Oral diseases concern almost every individual and are a serious health risk to the popula-tion.The restorative treatment of tooth and jaw defects is an important means to achieve oral function and support the appearance of the contour.Based on the principle of"learning from the nature",Deng Xu-liang's group of Peking University School and Hospital of Stomatology has proposed a new concept of"microstructural biomimetic design and tissue adaptation of tooth/jaw materials"to address the worldwide problems of difficulty in treating dentine hypersensitivity,poor prognosis of restoration of tooth defects,and vertical bone augmentation of alveolar bone after tooth loss.The group has broken through the bottle-neck of multi-stage biomimetic technology from the design of microscopic features to the enhancement of macroscopic effects,and invented key technologies such as crystalline/amorphous multi-level assembly,ion-transportation blocking,and multi-physical properties of the micro-environment reconstruction,etc.The group also pioneered the cationic-hydrogel desensitizer,digital stump and core integrated restora-tions,and developed new crown and bridge restorative materials,gradient functionalisation guided tissue regeneration membrane,and electrically responsive alveolar bone augmentation restorative membranes,etc.These products have established new clinical strategies for tooth/jaw defect repair and achieved inno-vative results.In conclusion,the research results of our group have strongly supported the theoretical im-provement of stomatology,developed the technical system of oral hard tissue restoration,innovated the clinical treatment strategy,and led the progress of the stomatology industry.

Humans ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins p21(ras)/genetics* ; Prognosis ; Biomarkers, Tumor/genetics* ; Mutation/genetics* ; Colorectal Neoplasms/genetics* ; Proto-Oncogene Proteins B-raf/metabolism*