Objective To explore the distribution change and antimicrobial resistance of pathogens causing catheter associat‐ed urinary tract infection in ICU .Methods 500 cases of patients received by emergency department ICU in our hospital from 2012 April~ 2014 June were collected ,urine samples were collected by closed drainage bag after indwelling catheter in 3 ,7 ,14 ,21ds .By culture ,separation ,purification ,screening and identification and antimicrobial disc diffusion experiments ,distribution changes and resistantance of pathogens causing catheter related infections were analyzed .Results 358 strains were found in catheter associated urinary tract infections ,in which 175 strains were Gram‐positive bacteria ,mainly were Staphylococcus aureus (48 .57% ) and en‐terococci (46 .86% ) ,137 were Gram‐negative bacteria ,mainly were E .coli (56 .93% ) ,46 fungi ,mainly were Candida albicans (47 .83% );Gram‐positive bacteria showed a decreasing trend ,while Gram‐negative bacteria increased every year;resistance rates of Staphylococcus aureus and enterococci to penicillins ,cephalosporins and quinolones were more than 50% ;Escherichia coli and Kleb‐siella pneumoniae had strong resistance to penicillins ,cephalosporins and quinolones ;resistance rate of Pseudomonas aeruginosa to ampicillin ,sulbactam and ampicillin cefazolin up to 100% .Conclusion Escherichia coli is the major pathogens causing ICU catheter associated urinary tract infections;pathogens resistance are strong ,clinical monitoring should be strengthened .

Objective:To investigate the relationship between the E2 and E4 alleles of apolipoprotein E (apoE) gene and myocardial infarction (MI) in type 2 diabetes Mellitus (T2DM) patients, and to explore the relationship between apoE polymorphism and blood lipid metabolism.Methods:This case control study was conducted from August 2016 to March 2020 in China-Japan Friendship Hospital, 3 459 inpatients with T2DM were included including 3 044 patients without MI (T2DM group) and 415 patients with MI (T2DM+MI group). Real time fluorescent quantitative PCR was used to detect apoE polymorphism. Automatic biochemical analyzer was used to detect lipid levels. Logistic regression analyses were performed to determine the association of apoE with risk of MI in patients with T2DM.Results:(1) The frequency of E4 allele in T2DM+MI group (12.29%, 102/830) was significantly higher than in T2DM group (9.13%,556/6 088), while the frequency of E2 allele in T2DM+MI group (7.35%,61/830) was significantly lower than that in T2DM group (8.21%,500/6 088), P=0.012. Logistic regression analyses showed that E4 allele carrier (E3/E4+E4/E4) faced a higher risk for MI in T2DM patients ( OR=1.48, 95% CI 1.14-1.92, P=0.003), while E2 allele carrier(E2/E3+E2/E2)did not face a higher risk of MI in T2DM patients ( OR=0.88, P=0.642). (2) The levels of apoE polymorphism and blood lipid: The levels of TC, LDL-C and apoB increased in the order of E4 allele, wild type and E2 allele ( P<0.05). The levels of HDL-C, apoA1 and apoE decreased in the order of E4 allele, Wild type and E2 allele ( P<0.05). Conclusion:The E4 allele is a risk factor for MI in T2DM patients, and apoE polymorphism can affect blood lipid level in this patent cohort.

In recent years, with the development of autologous fat grafting and the use of scaffolds, prepectoral breast reconstruction (PBR) has regained popularity and aroused a hot topic. Several meta-analyses have shown that PBR is safe when compared with subpectoral breast reconstruction, the standard of prosthetic breast reconstruction. There are many advantages in PBR such as mild pain and no dynamic deformity. Radiotherapy, required by up to 40% of patients, is a routine treatment for breast cancer. However, the safety and efficacy of PBR in this population are still inconclusive. Therefore, we reviewed clinical researches concerning PBR in patients who recieved radiotherapy, in order to provide reference for clinical application and future study of PBR. We analysed in the following five aspects: the influence of radiation on soft tissue and the implant, indications and contraindications, the research status of PBR in patients with radiotherapy, the influence of fat grafting on PBR in patients with radiotherapy and the limitation of the present study.

Breast augmentation using polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) was widely used in China. We present the first case of delayed breast inflammation after 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection in a patient who recieved breast augmentation with PAHG 20 years ago, without any other predispositions. The 45-year-old female patient complained of severe breast swelling and pain three weeks after 2019-nCoV infection. The swelling extended from the upper clavicle to the upper abdomen. Delayed inflammation reaction was diagnosed, followed by emergency surgery. During the surgery, the injected material was observed to gush out in a form of greenish and thin paste, with a foul odor. The wound had extensive diffuse oozing and hemoglobin decreased significantly. The patient was discharged one week after surgery. During a three-month follow-up, she experienced weakness and fatigue with no complications. There are still many unknown areas of the impact of 2019-nCoV on human foreign bodies and immune system, which is diverse and complex. Reporting various possible symptoms and mechanisms is conducive to improving the level of awareness and intervention of plastic surgeons.

In recent years, with the development of autologous fat grafting and the use of scaffolds, prepectoral breast reconstruction (PBR) has regained popularity and ignited a heated discussion. Several meta-analyses have shown that PBR is safe when compared with subpectoral breast reconstruction, the standard of prosthetic breast reconstruction. There are many advantages in PBR such as mild pain and no dynamic deformity. Radiotherapy, required by up to 40% of patients, is a routine treatment for breast cancer. However, the safety and efficacy of PBR in this population remain inconclusive. Therefore, we reviewed clinical researches concerning PBR in patients who received radiotherapy, with the purpose to provide reference for clinical application and future study of PBR. We analysed the following five aspects: the influence of radiation on soft tissue and the implant, indications and contraindications, the research status of PBR in patients with radiotherapy, the influence of fat grafting on PBR in patients with radiotherapy and the limitation of the present study.

Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is currently the only technique that can quantitatively evaluate the intraoperative perfusion, which can reduce the rate of postoperative flap necrosis. It has been widely used in the flap surgery in clinical practice, scientific research and teaching area. Being quite safety and effectiveness, it has the advantages of non-invasive, no renal toxicity and no radiation with the result which can be both qualitative and quantitative. This review also introduced the application method and application status of ICGA, summarized all application indicators reported so far, and analyzed the limitations such as the accuracy of the result and the lack of application guidelines. In general, ICGA has a great application prospect in flap surgery.

In recent years, with the development of autologous fat grafting and the use of scaffolds, prepectoral breast reconstruction (PBR) has regained popularity and aroused a hot topic. Several meta-analyses have shown that PBR is safe when compared with subpectoral breast reconstruction, the standard of prosthetic breast reconstruction. There are many advantages in PBR such as mild pain and no dynamic deformity. Radiotherapy, required by up to 40% of patients, is a routine treatment for breast cancer. However, the safety and efficacy of PBR in this population are still inconclusive. Therefore, we reviewed clinical researches concerning PBR in patients who recieved radiotherapy, in order to provide reference for clinical application and future study of PBR. We analysed in the following five aspects: the influence of radiation on soft tissue and the implant, indications and contraindications, the research status of PBR in patients with radiotherapy, the influence of fat grafting on PBR in patients with radiotherapy and the limitation of the present study.

Breast augmentation using polyacrylamide hydrogel (PAHG) was widely used in China. We present the first case of delayed breast inflammation after 2019 novel coronavirus(2019-nCoV) infection in a patient who recieved breast augmentation with PAHG 20 years ago, without any other predispositions. The 45-year-old female patient complained of severe breast swelling and pain three weeks after 2019-nCoV infection. The swelling extended from the upper clavicle to the upper abdomen. Delayed inflammation reaction was diagnosed, followed by emergency surgery. During the surgery, the injected material was observed to gush out in a form of greenish and thin paste, with a foul odor. The wound had extensive diffuse oozing and hemoglobin decreased significantly. The patient was discharged one week after surgery. During a three-month follow-up, she experienced weakness and fatigue with no complications. There are still many unknown areas of the impact of 2019-nCoV on human foreign bodies and immune system, which is diverse and complex. Reporting various possible symptoms and mechanisms is conducive to improving the level of awareness and intervention of plastic surgeons.

In recent years, with the development of autologous fat grafting and the use of scaffolds, prepectoral breast reconstruction (PBR) has regained popularity and ignited a heated discussion. Several meta-analyses have shown that PBR is safe when compared with subpectoral breast reconstruction, the standard of prosthetic breast reconstruction. There are many advantages in PBR such as mild pain and no dynamic deformity. Radiotherapy, required by up to 40% of patients, is a routine treatment for breast cancer. However, the safety and efficacy of PBR in this population remain inconclusive. Therefore, we reviewed clinical researches concerning PBR in patients who received radiotherapy, with the purpose to provide reference for clinical application and future study of PBR. We analysed the following five aspects: the influence of radiation on soft tissue and the implant, indications and contraindications, the research status of PBR in patients with radiotherapy, the influence of fat grafting on PBR in patients with radiotherapy and the limitation of the present study.

Indocyanine green angiography (ICGA) is currently the only technique that can quantitatively evaluate the intraoperative perfusion, which can reduce the rate of postoperative flap necrosis. It has been widely used in the flap surgery in clinical practice, scientific research and teaching area. Being quite safety and effectiveness, it has the advantages of non-invasive, no renal toxicity and no radiation with the result which can be both qualitative and quantitative. This review also introduced the application method and application status of ICGA, summarized all application indicators reported so far, and analyzed the limitations such as the accuracy of the result and the lack of application guidelines. In general, ICGA has a great application prospect in flap surgery.