Objective:To explore the types and characteristics of the grief reactions of adolescents to friends'death repeatedly,so as to provide reference for effective psychological intervention. Methods:Three college students aged nineteen and twenty years who experienced the death of friends at least twice in adolescence participa-ted in the study by means of an open recruitment in a college. They had friends died at the age of 9 and 12. And then it happened again when they were 15 and 17. Data was collected by semi-structured interviews with the three selected,and analyzed by thematic analysis to classify the grief reactions after the loss of their friends. Results:The common grief reactions of a friend's death in the interview are:shocked,regret and angry,denying,disbelieving, fear of the death,feeling the cruelty of death,crying,searching for support,shirking and recognizing the cruelty of death. The special grief reactions in the interview,especially when they experienced the second death of a friend are:caring for the dead loved ones,having a mental shadow over friend's role,reducing social activities,seeking stimulating and venting,revolting against the school,violence,and working harder. Conclusion:The grief reactions of adolescents to friends'death repeatedly are diversity. It presents the characteristics of the psychological develop-ment of adolescence. And the adolescents need to be given special attention and appropriate psychological interven-tion.

Objective To evaluate the value of ultrasonography in the diagnosis of special ectopic pregnancy(SEP).Methods Ultrasonography was performed in 31 patients with SEP.The sonographic features of two-dimensional ultrasound and color Doppler of SEP were analyzed and the sonographic results were correlated with surgical and pathologic findings. Results Ultrasonography accurately diagnosed interstital tubal pregnancy in 21 cases,cervical pregnancy in 4,isthmus pregnancy in 2,rudimentary horn pregnancy in 1,and 3 cases were misdiagnosed,thus,the diagnostic accuracy of ultrasound for SPE was 90.3% .Conclusions Ultrasonography has an important role in diagnosing SEP.

Objective To evaluate the effect of external direct current shock on left atrial(LA) diamension and volumes after cardioversion for atrial fibrillation(AF) and the relation between LA size and function.Methods The initial study population included 68 patients with AF.According to cardioversion patterns, the patients were divided randomly into cardioversion with direct-current shock(36 patients) and cardioversion with drugs(32 patients). Echocardiographic evaluations included LA size and volume,LA passive and active emptying volumes were calculated,and LA function was measured as LA ejection force (LAEF).The correlation between LA diameters and volumes and LA systolic function was analyzed. Results LA was dilated in all the patients during AF and the superior-infra dimensions of LA decreased after restoration of sinus rhythm in the patients reverted with external direct current shock and the patients reverted with durgs (P

Objective To identify the member of the caspase family proteases involved in γ-radiation-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells and to study the expression of the caspase gene in normal, apoptotic cells and in immortal tu mor cells. Methods By using degenerate oligonucleotide primers encoding the highly conserved peptides that were pre sent in all known caspases, we performed RT-PCR on poly(A)RNA from γ-radiation-induced apoptotic HL-60 cells. Caspase-3 mRNA in apoptotic HL-60 cells and in human tumor cell lines was analyzed by Northern blot. Results The amplified DNA fragment was identified with caspase-3 cDNA by cloning and sequencing. The Northern blot analysis of caspase-3 mRNA of different human tumor cell lines showed that the caspase-3 gene transcript was more highly ex pressed in leukemia cell lines and the SH-SY5Y cell line than in HeLa and MCF-7 cells. It was more highly expressed in the radiation-induced apoptotic HL-60 cells than in control HL-60 cells. Conclusion These results indicated that caspase-3 was involved in γ-radiation-induced apoptosis in HL-60 cells. The high level of expression of caspase-3 may aid efforts to understand the insensitivity of some tumor cells to radiation, their inherent ability to survive, and apop tosis.

Objective To explore the influence of modified Lawrence's reconstuction procedures following total gastrectomy for gastric cancer to alimentation of patients. Methods Retrospective analysis of nutritional status and symptoms of digestive tract in 76 patiens of total gastrectomy for gastric cancer while 3 and 6 month after modified Lawrence's reconstuction procedure. Results Examination was given in 48 patients 3 month after operation. Emptying time of barium was 60-100 min, barium meal backflowing to esophagus was not observed in all patients when they were in erect or decubitus position, no sign of narrow of anastomotic stoma. The hemoglobin, total protein, body weight and food-intake of patients 3 or 6 months after operation was as same as them before operation. Conclusion The patients undergoing this reconstuction procedure will recover normal food habits soon after operation, Lawrence's reconstuction procedures is a satisfactory choice in patients of total gastrectomy for gastric cancer because of its safety and convenient.

AIM To establish an LC-MS/MS method for the simultaneous content determination of paeoniflorin,albiflorin,neochlorogenic acid,chlororogenic acid,catechin,epicatechin,ethyl gallate,danshensu,ferulic acid,caffeic acid,gallic acid,protocatechuic acid,protocatechualdehyde and rosmarinic acid in Yangxue Qingnao Granules (Angelicae sinensis Radix,Chuanxiong Rhizoma,Paeoniae Radix Alba,etc.).METHODS The analysis of methanol extract of this drug was performed on a 20 ℃ thermostatic Waters Symmetry Shield RP C18 column (3.9 mm × 150 mm,5 μm),with the mobile phase comprising of acetonitrile-water (containing 0.1％ formic acid) flowing at 0.4 mL/min in a gradient elution manner.RESULTS Fourteen constituents showed good linear relationships within their own ranges,whose average recoveries were 85.5％-107.0％ with the RSDs of 2.0％-5.0％.CONCLUSION This simple,sensitive,accurate and reproducible method can be used for the quality control of Yangxue Qingnao Granules.

Objective To determine the efficacy and safety of Chinese Medicine Jiaweidingchuan Soup in the treatment of asthma.MethodsPatients(n =32)with mild-to-moderate asthma were treated with Chinese Medicine Jiaweidingchuan Soup for 4 weeks.We measured the FVC、FEV1、PEF、IL-6 and IFN-? level.ResultsAfter treatment,the FVC、FEV1 and PEF values and the expression of IFN-? in patient with asthma increased significantly(P

Objective To determine whether pulmonary arterial hypertension(PAH) and pulmonary venous hypertension (PVH) can be differentiated noninvasively by echocardiography. Methods Fifty-six patients with pulmonary arterial systolic pressure(PASP) ≥40 mmHg by echocardiography were involved,and cardiac catheterization performed within 7 days of each other. Based on left ventricular end-diastolic pressure or pulmonary capillary wedge pressure(PCWP) ,30 patients were classified as PAH group and 26 patients as PVH group. The early(E) and late(A) diastolic mitral inflow velocities,E/A ratios,deceleration time(DT),early dastlic mitrial annular velocity(E') and E/E' ratios were measured by conventional and Doppler tissue imaging echocardiography in the two groups. Results Compared with PVH group,the PAH group had significantly higher A,DT,PASP and E',and significantly lower E,E/A ratio and E/E' ratio (P < 0. 01 or P <0. 001). E/E' and E/A ratio was optimal indexes for differentiation of PAH and PVH,the area under receiver operating characteristic curve was 97% and 91 %, respectively. Optimal cutoff for diagnosing PVH was E/E'>9.2 (sensitivity 95%, specificity 97%) and E/A> 1. 7 (sensitivity 75%,specificity 92%). Conclusions PAH and PVH imaging can be reliably differentiated by echocardiography.

Objective To study the effects of α-melanocyte-stimulating hormone (α-MSH) on excessive inflammatory response of patients to traumatic brain injury (TBI) so as to prevent against the development of the secondary injury by observing the changes of α-MSH level in the serum of patients with TBI,and the relationships of the levels of serum α-MSH with the severity of TBI,and with the levels of tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α).Methods A total of 48 patients with acute TBI were divided into three groups according to GCS score:severe group with GCS 3-8 (n =18),moderate group with GCS 9-12 (n =16),and mild group with GCS 13-15 (n =14).Ten healthy volunteers were recruited as a control group.The blood samples were collected within 24 h and 3 d,5 d,7 days after injury.The concentrations of α-MSH and TNF-α in the separated serum were measured by double antibody sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).All variables were presented as ((x)±s).Repeated measures and analysis of variance and further multiple comparisons were carried out to compare variables.When necessary,the Student's t test was utilized.Pearson correlation analyses were performed to determine the correlations between variables.Results The serum α-MSH levels in the three TBI groups were lower than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05).And the severer injury was,the lower α-MSH level was.The lowest α-MSH levels dropped to the trough on the 3rd day or the 5th day after TBI [severe group:(9.65 ±4.21) pg/mL,moderate group:(10.69 ±4.30) pg/mL,mild group:(18.89 ±7.19) pg/mLvs.control:(45.67 ± 10.95) pg/mL].While the serum TNF-α levels in three TBI groups were higher than that in the control group (P ＜ 0.05),and the TNF-α level was higher in the severer group.The peak values of TNF-α in the three TBI groups reached on the 3rd day after TBI [severe group:(37.24 ± 18.28) pg/mL,moderate group:(26.19 ±6.78) pg/mL,mild group:(18.60 ±7.83) pg/mL vs.control:(10.74 ± 1.71) pg/ mL].There were negative correlations between the levels of serum α-MSH and TNF-α at four intervals.Conclusions In patients with TBI,the serum levels of α-MSH decreased,and the lowest levels of α-MSH dropped to the trough on the 3rd day or the 5th day after TBI.While the levels of TNF-α increased,and the peak values reached on the 3rd day after TBI.And as the injury was more severe,these changes were more significant.There were negative correlations between the serum α-MSH levels and TNF-α levels in general.

Objective To study the effect of intedeukin 6 (IL-6) on the expression of androgen receptor (AR) in porcine ovarian granulosa cells(GC) and to explore its role of in the polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS) pathogenesis.Methods Different concentrations of IL-6 (10,100 and 1 000 ng/L) were treated with GC.Expression of androgen receptor (AR) mRNA and protein in GC were detected by real-time quantitative RT-PCR and Western blot.Results The mRNA and protein expressions of AR in GC were upregulated in groups with 100 and 1 000 ng/L IL-6 at 72 h.Conclusion IL-6 can improve androgen activity.This process may explain the function of chronic subclinical inflammation in PCOS pathogenesis.