Clinical data of 277 pregnant women attended to nutrition clinic at Haidian District Maternity and Children's Hospital,Beijing were analyzed retrospectively,including 64 cases of gestational diabetes mellitus(GDM),85 cases of gestational impaired glucose tolerance(GIGT)and 128 normal women(84 normal fasting blood glucose and 44 abnormal fasting blood glucose but normal glucose challenge test,GCT).There was a higher proportion of pregnant women with family history of diabetes among those with abnormal GCT.as compared to those with normal GCT(P＜0.05).Mean age was significantly higher in women with GDM than that in normal ones(P＜0.05),but no statistically significant difference in it was found between women with GIGT and normal GCT(P＞0.05).Body weight in women with GIGT was higher both before pregnancy and at GCT than that in normal ones(P＜0.05).Serum levels of total cholesterol and triglyceride presented an increasing trend in pregnant women of varied groups since their first prenatal care visits(P＜0.05),higher in those with GDM and/or GIGT than those in normal ones(P＜0.01).

Objective To examine the effect of lutein supplementation on visual function in people with long-term display light exposure. Method Thirty-seven persons (age 22-30) with long-term display light exposure were divided into low-dose group, high-dose group, and placebo group involving supplementation with 6 mg lutein/d, 12 mg lutein/d, and placebo for 12 w. The levels of serum lutein and visual function indices such as break-up time (BUT), critical flicker fusion frequency (CFF), visuognosis persistence, and reaction time were measured at week 0 and 12. Results After lutein supplementation serum concentrations of high-dose group and low-dose group increased from (0.328?0.120) ?mol/L to (0.733?0.354) ?mol/L, and from (0.356?0.117) ?mol/L to (0.607?0.176) ?mol/L respectively. There was significant increase of break up time in left eyes of high-dose group. Visuognosis persistence was significantly improved, and significant decrease of simple reaction time was observed in high-dose group. No statistical change was observed in critical flicker fusion frequency, discriminative reaction time and choice reaction time during the study. Conclusion Visual function indices such as break-up time, visuognosis persistence and simple reaction time in people with long-term display light exposure who received lutein supplements were significantly improved.

Objective To determine the contents of lutein,zeaxanthin and ?-carotene in 31 vegetables.Method High performance liquid chromatography method with Develosil C30 column and ultraviolet detector was used to detect lutein,zeaxanthin and ?-carotene at wavelength of 480nm.A gradient elution method with elution A (acetonitrile:methol=75:25) and B (methyl-tert-butyl-ether) was used to separate the carotenoids in both raw and cooked vegetables.Results The retention time of lutein,zeaxanthin and ?-carotene was 10.355,10.732 and 20.789 min respectively.The contents of lutein,zeaxanthin and ?-carotene were linearly related with the peak area.Analysis showed that dark leafy vegetable such as amaranth,Chinese celery leaf,parsley,spinach and pakchoi petiole contained the highest amount of lutein.Zeaxanthin was detected only in dehydrated daylily.There was little or no loss of lutein,zeaxanthin and ?-carotene but an average increase in lutein and ?-carotene in vegetables after cooking.Conclusion Vegetables,especially dark leafy vegetables are major sources of dietary lutein,and ?-carotene.Consuming cooked vegetables tends to increase the intakes of lutein,zeaxanthin and their bioavailability.

Objective To investigate the receptor involved in the TNF?induced HO-1 expression and the related signal transduction mechanisms in the brain microvessel endothelial cells.Methods TNF? receptor 1(TNFR1)knockout murine brain microvessel endothelial cells(BMVECs)in vitro culture were stimulated respectively by TNF?(5ng/ml).After 24 hours,the level of HO-1 gene mRNA were detected by semi-quantitative RT-PCR,the effect of TNF?on JNK 、ERK or transcription factor AP-1 were analyzed by Western blot,while ERK inhibitor(PD98059)or JNK inhibitor(SP600125)were used.Results Exposure of wild-type BMVECs and TNFR1(p55)knockout BMVECs [BVEC/TNF-RI(-/-)] to TNF?(5ng/ml,24 h)caused a marked increase in HO-1 mRNA expression.Furthermore,TNF? stimulation also lead to the activation of JNK,ERK and the transcription factor AP-1 in the BVEC/TNF-RI(-/-),However,incubation with the JNK inhibitor SP600125 but not the ERK inhibitor PD98095 attenuated the TNF?-induction of HO-1 in the BVEC/TNF-RI(-/-).Conclusions TNFR2 and JNK activation but not TNFR1 might be essential for mediating the TNF?-induction of the HO-1 in the endothelial cells.

Objectives: To study the reliability and sensitivity of serum transferrin receptor(sTfR) and sTfR/SF in assessing iron status,and explore the efficacy for monitoring early iron deficiency. Methods:941 women at reproductive age from Hebei Province and Shunyi county were included in the study. We determined the serum ferritin (SF)、zinc protoporphyrin (ZPP) and hemoglobin (Hb), and divided them into four groups: iron normal, IDS (iron deficiency store),IDE (iron deficiency erythropoiesis),IDA (iron deficiency anemia), according to the current criteria for assessing iron status. We randomly selected 189 aliquotes of serum from four groups to determine their sTfR and calculated the ratio of sTfR/SF, ie, sTfR/LogSF、Log (sTfR/SF). Results: sTfR increased significantly according to ID status of different stages,but sTfR/SF greatly increased in all stages. sTfR correlated with the conventional iron status parameters significantly, and could reflect the different aspects of iron status. The efficacy of Log (sTfR/SF) in identifying iron store deficiency reached 99%,higher than sTfR/LogSF and sTfR. sTfR can effectively identify functional iron deficiency,with the efficacy of 83%. Conclusion: sTfR and sTfR/SF all are promising for assessing iron status and screening iron deficiency in women at reproductive age.

OBJECTIVE:To provide references for the improvement of civil relief system for adverse drug reactions.METHODS:The approaches for Japan in handling the "quinoform" drug injury event were compared with the way of China in dealing with drug injury events.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The approaches for Japan in handling the"quinoform" drug injury event give some hints for China,i.e.the defective drugs should be comprehensively judged by judges,the causal relations should be determined by using the probability theory and the time point of producers' exemption should be revised.

OBJECTIVE:To prepare weishu emulsion and to establish its quality control method.METHODS:Weishu emulsion was prepared with sodium carboxymethylcellulose,etc.as the adjuvants and the content of dyclonine hydrochoride was determined by UV-spectrophotometry.RESULTS:The linear range of dyclonine hydrochloride was2.0～12.0?g/ml(r=0.9999)and the average recovery rate was99.38%,RSD=0.47%,(n=6).CONCLUSION:The emulsion is feasible in preparation method and controllable in quality.

Objective To study the method of content determination of Chlorogenic Acid in David's Blunt. Methods The content of Chlorogenic Acid in David's Blunt was determined by HPLC. Take Alltima C18 (150 mm?4.6 mm, 5 ?m) as column, mobile phase was water-methyl acetonitrile-acetic acid glacial (95∶ 10∶5∶2); temperature was 35 ℃; wave-length was at 326 nm; flow rate is 1.0 mL/ min. Results Chlorogenic Acid was linear in the range of 10.01～60.06 ?g, r =0.999 9 (n =6). The average recovery rate was 99.03%, RSD=1.12% (n =6). Conclusion The method is simple, credibility, reproducable, and can be used for the quality control of David's Blunt.

Objective To investigate the effect of milk basic protein (MBP) on bone metabolism in normal and ovariectomized (Ovx) rats. Method Forty-eight female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and another 12 rats received sham operation (Sham). After 10 d recovery period, the Ovx rats were randomly divided into 4 groups: control, low-dose, medium-dose, and high-dose MBP group. Another 44 normal female rats without ovariectomy were also divided into 4 groups as above. The MBP dosages for each group were respectively 0, 10, 20, 30 mg/kg bw. All rats were i.g. administered for 90 d. Bone mineral density (BMD) of the femur (at proximal end, middle of diaphysis, and distal end) was measured by dual-energy X-ray absorptiometry in vivo. The amounts of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus were analyzed by ICP-AES. Results BMD at distal end of femur was significantly higher in normal low-dose group than in normal control group while no significant effect was observed in Ovx MBP groups. As for the amounts of calcium, magnesium and phosphorus, there were no significant differences among normal experimental groups and also among Ovx experimental groups. However, some variations in the level of those minerals were observed. Conclusion MBP at 10 mg/kg bw significantly elevated BMD at femoral distal end in normal rats, while no similar effect was observed in Ovx rats. Besides its influence on bone minerals, there may be another mechanism involved in its effect on bone metabolism.

Objective To explore the effect of early neuromuscular electrical stimulation (NMES) combined with sour taste therapy on dysphagia in the oral phase of acute/subacute ischemic stroke patients. Methods From January, 2013 to June, 2015, 90 patients with oral phase dysphagia after stroke were randomly assigned into NMES group (NM group), sour taste group (ST group ) and NMES combined with sour taste group (TO group) with 30 patients in each group. The swallowing function was evaluated with Functional Oral Intake Scale (FOIS) at baseline, three weeks and twelve weeks treatment. Results The change of FOIS was better in TO group than in ST group three weeks after treatment (P<0.01), and was better in TO group than in ST group and NM group twelve weeks after treatment (P<0.05). Conclu-sion An early application of NMES combined with sour taste therapy could improve the swallowing coordination, and reduce the the poten-tial complications in oral phase of acute/subacute ischemic stroke patients with dysphagia.