With the continuous development of modern chemistry, biology and pharmacy, researches on TCM modernization has witnessed a wide range of application of related modern technology, especially in researches of TCM monomer efficacy and pharmacokinetics. This can provide basis to internationalization of traditional Chinese medicine. The current research focus is how to obtain targeted TCM monomer. This article expounded the screening methods for TCM monomer at home and abroad, the principles of screening, the limitation and meanings.

Herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1) is the causative agent of cold sores and other more serious diseases. HSV-1 infected-cell protein 27 (ICP27) is an immediate-early regulatory phosphoprotein homologous to gene products identified in all classes of herpesviruses so far. To raise the antiserum to ICP27 for further characterization of its biological function, the ICP27 gene was cloned into the pET-28a (+) vector, then ICP27 protein was expressed in E. Coli and purified by nickel-nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni2+-NTA) affinity resin column,finally the purified protein was used to raise antiserum. Western blot analysis demonstrated that the antiserum recognized the recombinant protein, and the antiserum was able to probe the ICP27 in HSV-1 infected cells with high specificity by immunofluorescence assay (IFA). Therefore, the specific antiserum will provide a valuable tool for further studies investigating ICP27's biological function during HSV-1 infection.

Objective To establish a primary culture of human melanocytes from tiny skin sheets harvested by using a suction blister method, to carry out a serial subcultivation of the melanocytes with human amniotic membrane (AM) as a scaffold, and to observe the influence of AM on the adhesion, proliferation and dendrite development of melanocytes. Methods Tiny skin sheets were collected from the flexual forearm or lower abdomen of a healthy male volunteer by a suction blister method and melanocytes in the skin sheet were counted following Dopa staining under a microscope. The trypsinized skin sheets were scraped with a scalpel to harvest melanocytes which were subjected to a primary culture. Then, the melanocytes were inoculated onto fresh or cryopreserved AM followed by a culture for various durations (4, 8 and 12 days). The morphology and dendrite development of melanocytes were visualized under an inverted microscope after dopa-staining, cell viability evaluated by MTT assay, the adhesion to AM examined by hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining protocol. Results The density of melanocytes was 1543.1±13.3 cells per mm2 and 857.4±101.7 cells per mm2 in skin sheets obtained from the forearm flexure and lower abdomen of the volunteer, respectively. A skin sheet of about 25.1 mm2 from approximately two blister roof was required to ensure the success of primary culture of melanocytes within 1 month. After culture on fresh or cryopreserved AM for 4, 8, and 12 days, most melanocytes were bi-polar with extended slender dendrites compared with those cultured in common cell culture medium. HE staining showed that melancytes adhered and were evenly distributed on the basement membrane of AM. MTT assay showed that the AM inhibited the proliferation of melanocytes, and no statistical difference was observed in the inhibitory effect between fresh AM and cryopreserved AM (P＞ 0.05). Conclusions Enriched with melanocyes, flexural forearm is a preferable donor site to offer skin sheets for primary culture of melanocytes. Human AM could improve the adhesive growth and dendrite development of melanocytes, and may serve as a promising bioscaffold for in vitro expansion of melanocytes.

Objective To study the immunoregulatory activity of eucommia ulmoides oliv polysaccharides (EOP) on immunodepressive mice. Method The immunodepressive mice model was established with cyclophosphamide (CY) treated. EOP was given with different doses, and mouse weight, thymus index, spleen index, abdominal cavity macrophage engulfing rates, engulfing index were measured. Result 300 grams Eucommia ulmoides Oliv crude drugs after withdraw separate gained 9.3 grams polysaccharides. After CY injection, the mouse weight, chest gland index, abdominal cavity macrophage swallowing rate, phagocytic count reduced. EOP could resist the mouse body weight drop induced by CY, elevate the thymus index of immunity low mouse, obviously increase mouse abdominal cavity macrophage engulfing rates and engulfing index (P

Based on the relevant theories and methods concerning the evaluation of higher education, authors used student questionnaires to evaluate the teaching quality of the 23 courses in the postgraduate curriculum, including basic theoretic courses, specialty-related basic courses and courses of methodology for scientific research. The methods used involve 'evaluation by students' and the integrated evaluation of both the quantitative and qualitative aspects of various factors. The easy-to-use student's questionnaires make it possible to find, with respect to students, teachers, and courses, many factors affecting the teaching quality, and at the same time, to provide the close following-up of the process of postgraduate training.

A 73-year-old man developed a skin-colored granule-sized papule on the scrotum 10 years prior to the presentation,which had increased in size and number without obvious symptoms.Histopathological examination showed multiple enlarged intradermal cysts.The cyst wall consisted of one or two layers of flat or columnar cells.Decapitation secretion was seen in the inner layer cells,and the out layer of cysts was formed by flat or cubic myoepithelial cells.A diagnosis of apocrine hidrocystoma of the scrotum is made.

One hundred infants were divided into the following 3 gestational age (GA) groups: (I) premature infants (n = 30) with the gestational age between 29 and 32 weeks; (II) premature infants (n = 30) with the gestational age between 33 and 36 weeks; (III) full-term infants (n = 40). The recorded responses of all infants to pain included the behavioral responses to painful stimuli (cry, facial activity and limbs movement) and the variety of heart rate. The results indicated that the infants of 3 groups had different degree response to various painful stimuli. Pain expression in full term infants was more significant than premature infants to same stimuli. 33-weeks GA infants were differential from 29-weeks GA infants. Full term infants showed more vertical mouth stretch and more taut tongue and more hand to mouth than premature infants, but more horizontal mouth stretch in premature infants.
Gestational Age ; Infant, Newborn/*physiology ; Pain/*physiopathology ; Pain Measurement/*methods

Objective To assess the roles of renalase and renal sympathetic nerve activity in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF). Methods Plasma renin activity (PRA), angiotensinⅠ (AngⅠ), angiotensin Ⅱ(AngⅡ),adrenaline (E), noradrenaline (NE) and renalase were determined in 60 patients with CHF (CHF group) and in 42 healthy cases (control group). Data were compared between patients with mild and serious CHF. Results PRA, E, NE and AngⅠincreased and renalase decreased in CHF group than those in control group. Compared with mild CHF, renalase and left ventricular ejection fraction decreased (P < 0.01, 0.034), while N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) and PRA significantly increased (P<0.01). Linear correlation analysis showed that renalase was inversely correlated with Log NT-proBNP (r = -0.400, P = 0.002) and Log NE (r=-0.314, P = 0.014). Logistic regression analysis showed that NT-proBNP (OR = 6.963, 95%CI = 1.223 to 39.638), PRA (OR = 3.736, 95%CI = 1.031 to 13.540) and renalase (OR = 0.253, 95%CI = 0.069 to 0.927) were associated with increased NYHA classes. Conclusions PRA would increase while renalase would decrease in patients with CHF. PRA and renalase were correlated to the severity of CHF.

Sequences analysis revealed Grass carp reovirus (GCRV) s10 was 909 nucleotides coding a 34 kDa protein denoted as VP7, which was determined to be a viral outer capsid protein (OCP). To obtain expressed OCP in vitro, a full length VP7 gene was produced by RT-PCR amplification, and the amplified fragment was cloned into T7 promoted prokaryotic expression vector pRSET. The recombinant plasmid,which was named as pR/GCRV-VP7,was then transformed into E.coli BL21 host cells. The data indicated that the expressed recombinant was in frame with the N-terminal fusion peptide. The over-expressed fusion protein was produced by inducing with IPTG, and its molecular weight was about 37kDa, which was consistent with its predicted size. In addition, the fusion protein was produced in the form of the inclusion body with their yield remaining steady at more than 60% of total bacterial protein. Moreover,the expressed protein was able to bind immunologically to anti-his-tag monoclonal antibody (mouse) and anti-GCRV serum (rabbit). This work provides a research basis for further structure and function studies of GCRV during entry into cells.

Objective To assess the relationships among the autologous serum-induced skin wheal-andflare reaction,ex vivo serum-induced basophil histamine release, and serum levels of IgG anti-FcεRI autoantibodies in patients with chronic idiopathic urticaria (CIU).Methods Sixty patients with CIU collected from the Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University were recruited for this study.Sera were obtained from the subjects,and ASST was performed in all of the subjects.The results of ASST were determined according to a recommended criterion described by Sabroe et al,and the positive results were further subclassified into wheal plus flare (W+F) pattern and wheal-only (W) pattern,negative results into flare-only (F) pattern and no response pattern.Enzyme linked immunosorbent assay was used to quantify the content of histamine released by autologous serum-induced basophils and serum levels of IgG anti-FcεRI autoantibodies.Results Of the 60 patients,19 (31.7％)were positive for ASST,including 16 (84.2％) presenting W+F pattern and 3 presenting W pattern; 41 were negative for ASST,including 3 (7.3％) giving F pattern and 38 giving no response pattern.The histamine release rate was significantly higher in ASST-positive patients than in ASST-negative patients (33.38％ ± 9.83％ vs.4.06％ ±1.44％,t =5.13,P＜ 0.01),and was nearly twice as high as that in basophils induced by 10 μmol/L formylmethionyleucylphenylalanine (Fmlp).The serum levels of IgG anti-FcεRI autoantibodies were high in only patients giving (W+F) pattern (757.64 ± 168.99 ng/L),but low in the normal human controls (43.25 ± 16.63 ng/L).Conclusions The positive ASST result of wheal plus flare pattern is associated with high serum levels of IgG anti-FcεRI autoantibodies,and is suggestive of a clinical diagnosis of autoimmune chronic urticaria (ACU).