It is no doubt that obstetrics and gynecology contains profound philosophic thinking.To integrate the philosophical thinking of materialistic dialectics and dialectical unity in obstetrics and gynecology teaching is helpful to reveal the essence from obstetrics and gynecology phenomena.Application and cultivation of philosophical thinking may be useful to further explore students'comprehensive thinking potential and effectively improve the quality of obstetrics and gynecology teaching.

We studied the protective effects of redix salviae miltiorrhizae (RSM) on the ischemic and post-ischemic reperfusion injury which was made by ligating and reopening of the left ventricular branch of the coronary artery of the open-chest anaethetised rabbits under the supervision of ECG. There were 14 rabbits in each group, 7 of them for the measurement of myocardial lipid peroxide level (MLPL) by the thiobarbituric acid method (Hiroshi Ohkawa, 1979), and the other 7 for measuring distribution of regional myocardial blood flow (RMBF) by the biological radionuclidelabeled particle method (Wang Jingxian, 1985). With increasing duration of ischemia, MLPL increased significantly in the ischemic and post-ischemic reperfusion injured heart. In the case of 60 mins ischemia followed by 30 mins reperfusion, MLPL was much higher than that without reperfusion. However, which compared with that of 90 mins ischemia, no significant difference was found. The recovery of RMBF was only 53.2% after 30 mins of reperfusion following 60 mins of ischemia. The occurance of post-ischemic reperfusion injury was dependent on the duration and severity of ischemia. The injury of reperfusion after long period (60 mins) of ischemia is similar to that of increasing duration of ischemia. No-reflow phenomenon was observed in ischemic zones during reperfusion after 60 mins of ischemia. In the RSM (2g/kg body wt) protected reperfusion group. MLPL was reduced by 56.0% and the recovery of RMBF was increased by 32.0%.

ObjectiveTo observe the expressions of Caspase-9,Caspase-3, cytochrome C and their relationships, and investigate apoptotic mechanisms in hippocampus of post-traumatic stress disorder(PTSD) rats. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were used in the present study. The single-prolonged stress (SPS)-method was used to set up the rat PTSD models. There were six groups:after SPS 1 day,4 days,7 days,14 days,28 days groups and control group. The expressions of caspase-9, Caspase-3 and Cytochrome C proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry, immunofluorescence and Western blotting. Results Immunohistochemical and immunofluorescent results showed that the expression of cytochrome C peaked at 4 days and maintained higher level at 7days after SPS. Expressions of Caspase-9 and Caspase-3 were increased and peaked at 7days after SPS. Western blotting results showed that compared with control group, cytochrome C protein was up-regulated and peaked at 4 days after SPS in the cytosol. Compared with the control group, cytochrome C tended to decrease in mitochondrial fractions. The activated form of Caspase-9 and caspase-3 were not detected in control group. They were present in model groups. Cleaved- caspase-9 and cleaved-caspase-3 peaked at 7 days after SPS, and then gradually decreased at 14 days. Conclusion The neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of PTSD rats may be one of the causes inducing hippocampus atrophy. Mitochondrial apoptotic pathway is involved in apoptosis in the hippocampus of PTSD rats.

Objective To investigate expression changes of nuclear receptors-glucocorticoid receptors (GR) in the locus ceruleus neurons of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)like rats. Methods Sixty adult healthy male Wistar rats were enrolled in the experiment. PTSD-like rat model was established by single prolonged stress (SPS). There was no SPS stimulation in the control group and the rats of the other five groups were undisturbedly raised for 24 hours, 4 days,7 days,14 days and 28 days respectively after SPS stimulation.The expressions of glucocorticoid receptors in the locus ceruleus nucleus of all groups were detected with Nissl staining, immunohistochemistry,Western blotting and PCR, and image analysis and statistical analysis were performed. Results GR was distributed in the nucleus of coeruleus neurons, GR expression was showed after 24 hours, 4 days, 7 days treatment and gradually increased, restorative downregulation was seen after 14 days and 28 days, but still high(P<0.05). Conclusion After SPS, the GR locus ceruleus temporarily increased and then lowered, suggesting that PTSD rat locus coeruleus neurons in nuclear receptor-GR expression changes may directly involve in the continuing spirit of PTSD symptoms occurred in the development process.

Objective To observe the expression of cytochrome C (Cyt C)and apoptosis-related gene Bax in hippocampus of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD)rats in order to investigate their effects and relationships. Methods Sixty male Wistar rats were used in the present study. The single-prolonged stress(SPS)-method was carried out to set up the rat PTSD models. There were six groups:after SPS 1,4,7,14,28 days groups and control group. The expression of Cyt C and Bax proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry, double immunofluorescence, confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting. Results The expression of Cyt C peaked at 4 days and maintained higher level at 7 days after SPS. At 7 days after SPS, strong immunoreactivity of Bax was noticed,At 14 days after SPS, the expression of Bax was down-regulated and then gradually decreased. Conclusion Bax is upregulated and promotes the releasing of Cyt C. And the releasing of Cyt C may be one of mechanisms of inducing apoptosis in the hippocampus of PTSD rats.

Objective To investigate relationships between the expression of Bcl-2,Bax protein and neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of posttraumatic stress disorder(PTSD) rats.Methods The SPS-method was used to set up the rat PTSD models.There were five groups:after SPS 1d,4d,7d,14d groups and control group.Apoptotic cells were detected by electron microscopy and TUNEL method.The expressions of Bcl-2 and Bax proteins were detected with immunohistochemistry,double fluorescent,confocal laser scanning microscopy and Western blotting.Results Apoptotic cells were present in hippocampus of PTSD rats.The number of apoptotic cells increased with the development of PTSD and peaked on the 7th day after SPS,then decreased gradually.The expression of Bcl-2 protein peaked on the 4th day after SPS and Bax protein peaked on the 7th day after SPS,then decreased gradually.The ratio of Bcl-2/Bax increased at the beginning and then gradually decreased.Conclusion The neuronal apoptosis in hippocampus of PTSD rats may be one of reasons inducing hippocampus atrophy.The increase of Bcl-2 and Bax protein and the change of Bcl-2/Bax ratio would play an important role in regulating the hippocampal neuronal survival or death during posttraumatic stress disorder.

Objective To study the clinic value of digital three-dimensional shaping titanium mesh in repairing skull defects and reconstructing temporal muscle attachment points. Methods Eighty-two patients with skull defects from December 2013 to January 2016 were enrolled in this study. They were divided into two groups according to patients' will with 41 patients in each group. The patients in control group received traditional hand-shaping titanium mesh repair, the patients in observation group received individual digital forming technology to produce titanium mesh repair and reconstruct the temporal muscle attachment points at the titanium mesh temporal corresponding position. The rate of appearance satisfaction, operation time, the number of titanium nail and the rate of postsurgery adverse reaction was compared between the two groups. Results The rate of appearance satisfaction in observation group was significantly higher than that in control group: 97.56%(40/41) vs. 80.49%(33/41), P<0.05. The operation time and the number of titanium nail and in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group:(8.9 ± 1.6) h vs. (12.4 ± 2.4) h, (10.3 ± 0.9) pieces vs. (11.8 ± 1.8) pieces, P < 0.01. The rate of postsurgery adverse reaction in observation group was significantly lower than that in control group: 0 vs. 9.8%(4/41), χ2 = 4.21, P < 0.05. Conclusions The operation of repairing skull defects and reconstructing temporal muscle attachment points with digital three-dimensional shaping titanium mesh is simple. It can shorten the operation time, decrease the postsurgery adverse reaction, and increase the appearance satisfaction.

Objective:To scan the common differentially expressed genes in mice liver tissue following subacute exposure to hepatotoxicants,including alcohol,carbon tetrachloride,BCG & LPS,the alcohol extracts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae and Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham.,and apply to the rapid toxic evaluation of TCM and other xenobiotics.Methods:The gene expression profiles of mice liver tissue,after respective administration of alcohol,CCl4,BCG associated with LPS,the alcohol extracts of Rhizoma Dioscoreae Bulbiferae and Senecio scandens Buch.-Ham.to healthy mice,were analyzed by use of mouse genome cDNA microarray.The correlations between the common differential expressed genes and the liver injury were analyzed based on the biological functions of those differentially expressed genes.Results:Among all of the five drug administration groups,there were 7 known function genes(BC05200,NM-019410,NM-173019,AB028272,AK088925,AK030862 and AK088816)and 1 unknown function gene(BC069871)differentially expressed.Beside AK088816,the other 7 genes were all down-regulate expressed.Conclusion:The common differentially expressed genes participate in the process of saccharometabolism,apoptosis,cell growth cycle,cytoskeleton and signal transmission,protein folding and protein ubiquitin.The abnormal expression of the common genes were closely correlated to the liver,and might be important for rapid hepatoxicity elucidation of traditional Chinese medicine and other xenobiotics.

OBJECTIVE:To ensure a long-term medication in children with asthma,prevent the attack of asthma and ensure safe,effective and correct drug use in these patients.METHODS:The pharmaceutical care for the asthma children was carried out through pharmacists’ involvement in assisting doctors to establish the treatment plan,carrying out medicine-use education and drug use consultation for patients,setting up the medicine-use record and so on.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:The practice of pharmaceutical care can markedly improve the compliance,safety and efficacy of drug use in asthma children as well as improving their quality of life.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the way for clinical pharmacists to carry out pharmaceutical care.METHODS:We summarized the content,method and experiences of carrying out pharmaceutical care based on our clinical practice in Cardiology department.RESULTS & CONCLUSION:To provide all-round high quality pharmaceutical care for patients,clinical pharmacists should improve their own qualities by continuous learning knowledge and theories related to their own profession as well as improving their practical skills.