Asthma is the most common chronic inflammatory airway disease in childhood. Adhering to a daily anti-inflammatory treatment is the most important cornerstone of bronchial asthma control. However,with the large number of clinical studies conducted in recent years,learning inhaled corticosteroids as an anti-inflam-matory drug of choice,there is a mixed compliance rate of inhaled corticosteroids in children. Standard treatment and control of asthma has yet to be further improved. This review discusses the medication adherence to long-term inhaled corticosteroid as well as the relevant aspects of research progress.

Objective:To evaluate the effect of iliac bone graft and radial forearm flap in the reconstrucion of maxilla.Methods:Maxilla defects were reconstructed using iliac bone graft and radial forearm flap in 4 patients.The effects were evaluated clinicaly.Results:In all the 4 cases,palatal defects resulted from maxillectomy were optimally reconstructed with non-vascularized iliac graft and radial forearm flap.The masticatory function of the upper jaw,intelligible speech,swallow and natural facial appearance were recovered.As a result,quality of life of the patients was improved.Conclusion:Iliac bone graft and radial forearm are feasible in the reconstruction of maxilla defects.

Objective] To explore and summarize clinical experience and academic characteristics of Lei Shaoyi on treating latent-qi leading to diarrhea. [Methods] By analyzing theory of“Impaired by wind in spring, one must get diarrhea containing undigested foods in summer”and related typical clinical cases in treatise on seasonal diseases clinical experience of Lei Shaoyi on treating latent-qi leading to diarrhea has been summarized. [Results] Lei Shaoyi put forward that the pathogenesis of latent-qi leading to diarrhea was wood restrains earth. There were two types of latent-qi leading to diarrhea: lienteric diarrhea and through-flux diarrhea. Due to suffering from disease for a long time, patients with latent-qi leading to diarrhea often were characterized by more asthenia syndrome and less sthenia syndrome, therefore, treatment was given priority to invigoration method.Lei Shaoyi was good at taking advantage of prescriptions and herbs with nature of light, clear and scattering for dispersing to expel inner delitescent pathogenic factors and emphasizing on protecting the spleen and stomach simultaneously. In clinical practice, Lei Shaoyi always adjusted treatments according to different clinical symptoms of diarrhea accompanied with other syndromes, which saved a lot of patients with critical illness.[Conclusions] The treatment methods created by Lei Shaoyi were not only inherited from The Yellow Emperor’s Inner Classic, but also the sublimation of his personal clinical experience, which was well worth learning by physicians of later generations.

One hundred and twenty patients with senile primary osteoporosis were enrolled in the study from January 2012 to April 2013,including 41 males and 79 females.Patients were randomly assigned to two groups:60 patients in study group were treated with salmon calcitonin combined with zoledronic acid (salmon calcitonin 50 IU i.m,q.d for 7 d,then 100 IU q.i.d for 7 d,followed by zoledronic acid 5 mg i.v gtt/y);60 cases in control group were treated with alendronate (70 mg p.o/wk).Both groups received the same doses of calcium.Visual analogue scale (VAS) scores were assessed before,and 1,6 and 12 months after treatment,12-Item Short-Form Health Survey (SF-12) and bone mineral density (BMD) were assessed before and 12 months after treatment.There were no significant differences in all baseline parameters between two groups (P ＞ 0.05).After 1 month of treatment,the VAS scores of study group was lower than that of the control group (2.1 ± 3.0 vs.4.2 ± 3.1,P ＜ 0.05),however,both groups had similar improvements in VAS scores in 6 and 12 months after the treatment (P ＞0.05).Compared to those before treatment,physical component summary and mental component summary of SF-12 scores after 1 year of treatment were improved significantly in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).Also,BMD was significantly improved after 1 year of treatment in both groups (P ＜ 0.05).The incidence of side effect in study group was lower than that in control group (16％ vs.20％,P ＜0.05).The results indicate that salmon calcitonin combined with zoledronic acid is an effective,safe,reliable and well tolerated therapy for senile primary osteoporosis.The long-term outcomes remain to be determined.

Objective To investigate the application of the three-dimensional reconstruction for the random flap.Methods The bones,muscles,fascia,skin and vessels in eleven patents were reconstructed by the MIMICS 10.01 CT angiography (CTA) scanning,and the single artery and its branches were gained by the subdivision of the vessels.3D-images were shown respectively and jointly.Results Arterial reconstruction images were clearly displayed by 3D workstation CTA and if they were combined with the original cross-sectional images and vessel analysis software,they were able to accurately evaluate the location,range,degree of artery,the distal outflow tract.The vessels and soft tissue displayed in the software could show detailed distribution of the vessels in one region and this could provide the accurate anatomical basis for the random flap and the design of the operation.This method could easily meet the preoperative design demands and also had the guiding significance for postoperative evaluation.Conclusions The method of 3D-reconstruction is very good for studying the random flap and the design of the operation.

BACKGROUND:The metastatic potential of hepatocelular carcinoma cels is key factor influencing patient’s prognosis. To observe the effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels on metastasis of hepatocelular carcinoma is of great significance for improving the lifetime of hepatocelular carcinoma patients. OBJECTIVE:To explore the biological effect of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels on hepatocelular carcinoma cels with different metastatic potentials. METHODS:Human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels and hepatocelular carcinoma cel suspension with high and low metastatic potentials were respectively injected into the Transwel chamber, and after 36 hours of co-culture, ELISA method was used to detect the absorbance value as wel as cel counting method was used to observe the changes in the invasion ability of hepatocelular carcinoma cels. The effects of human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels on the proliferation of hepatocelular carcinoma cel suspension with high and low metastatic potentials were determined using cel counting kit-8. PCR method was adopted to measure the expression of osteopontin, bone specific sialoproteins, integration (alpha V), transforming growth factor beta 1 and programmed cel death protein 5. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:(1) The number of migrated hepatocelular carcinoma cels was significantly lower in the co-culture group than the single culture group, and based on the semi-quantitative detection of invasion ability, the absorbance value of the co-culture group was significantly lower than that in the single culture group (P < 0.05). (2) The expression of osteopontin and bone specific sialoproteins was significantly decreased in the co-culture group with high metastatic potential (P < 0.05), but there was no change in the expression of integration (alpha V) (P> 0.05). In the co-culture group with low metastatic potential, the expression of osteopontin, bone specific sialoproteins, and integration (alpha V) were declined remarkably (P < 0.05). (3) Results from the semi-quantitative detection of proliferation ability showed that the absorbance value of the co-culture group was significantly higher than that of the single culture group (P < 0.05). (4) In the co-culture group with high metastatic potential, the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 was up-regulated significantly (P< 0.05), but the expression of programmed cel death protein 5 showed no changes (P > 0.05). However, in the co-culture group with low metastatic potential, the expression of transforming growth factor beta 1 and programmed cel death protein 5 was both increased dramaticaly (P < 0.05). These findings suggest that the human bone marrow mesenchymal stem cels reduce the invasion ability of hepatocelular carcinoma cels, and enhance their ability of proliferation.

Aim To investigate the effects of harpagide on cerebral ischemia and the mitochondria mediated Caspase dependent apoptotic signaling pathway in mice.Methods The MCAO was employed to establish MCAO model.When the models were established, the mice were given harpagide (4, 8, 12 mg·kg-1) and edaravone (3.2 mg·kg-1) [0.1 ml·(10 g)-1] by tail vein injection after MCAO immediately.And the model and control mice were given equivalent normal saline by the same way.After MCAO for 6 h, the behavior, volume of cerebral ischemia and pathological changes in the brain were observed.Westernblot was employed to determine the contents of Cyt C in mitochondrion and pro-caspase-3 in endochylema.Results Compared with the model group, harpagide (4, 8, 12 mg·kg-1) could significantly decrease the increased nerve functional score, brain index, brain water content and volume of cerebral ischemia induced by cerebral ischemia.Harpagide (4, 8, 12 mg·kg-1) could reduce the contents of Cyt C in mitochondrion and pro-caspase-3 in endochylema.Conclusion Harpagide may have protective effect on the cerebral ischemia injury in mice, which might be related to the inhibition of the cerebral mitochondria mediated Caspase dependent apoptotic signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the influence of in vitro artificial CO 2 cavity on matrix metallopro-teinase 2(MMP-2), adhesion molecule vascular cell adhesion molecule 1(VCAM-1), and intercellular adhesion molecule 1(ICAM-1)expression in MDA-MB-231 cell.Methods An in vitro artificial CO2 cavity model was es-tablished.MDA-MB-231 cells were exposed to CO2 under the pressure of 7 mmHg for 1, 2 and 4 hours, respective-ly.MMP-2 concentration was measured by enzyme linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA).VCAM-1 and ICAM-1 ex-pression were measured by flow cytometry 0, 24, 48 and 72 hours after CO2-insufflation.Hypoxia group was ex-posed to 0 mmHg helium for 1 h, and the control group was exposed to 37℃incubator only .Results Compared with that in the control group , MMP-2 expression in the 1, 2 and 4 hours treatment group was significantly elevat-ed at 0 hour(F=15.045, P<0.05), and the MMP-2 expression in the 2 hours CO2 treatment group was signifi-cantly elevated after 24 hours compared with that in the control group and 1, and 4 hours CO2 treatment group (F=5.976, P<0.05).The VCAM-1 expression was significantly elevated at 0 hour and after 24 hours in the 1, 2 and 4 hours CO2 treatment group compared with that in the control group ( F1 =18.321, F2 =20.443, P<0.05), and significantly declined after 72 hours in the 4 hours CO2 treatment group compared with that in 1, and 2 hours CO2 treatment group(F=15.045,P<0.05).ICAM-1 expression was significantly elevated at 0 hour in hypoxia group and 1, 2, 4 hours CO2 treatment group compared with that in the control group , Meanwhile it was higher in 2 hours CO2 treatment group than in 1 hours and 4 hours CO2 treatment group(F=73.765, P<0.05). ICAM-1 expression was significantly elevated after 24 hours in 2 and 4 hours CO2 treatment group compared with that in the control group and 1 hour CO2 treatment group(F=46.322, P<0.05), and it was significantly elevat-ed after 48 hours in 2 hours CO2 treatment group compared with that in the control group and 1, and 4 hours CO2 treatment group(F=22.315, P<0.05).Conclusion The expression of MMP-2, adhesion molecule VCAM-1, and ICAM-1 in MDA-MB-231 cells is elevated after exposure to artificial 7 mmHg CO2 cavity, and CO2 cavity of mastoscopy may modulate the metastasis capacity of breast tumor cells .

ObjectiveTo investigate the role of platelet in mouse pulmonary microvascular endothelial cell (PMVEC) injury caused by lipopolysaccharide( LPS)-activated neutrophil.MethodsPMVECs were obtained from pathogen-free C3H/HeN mice of both sexes aged 6-8 weeks weighing 18-25 g according to the method described by Lim YC et al.Platelets and neutrophils were isolated from mouse blood by twice centrifugation and denaity gradient centrifugation respectively.PMVECs were seeded into twelve- or six-well plates ( 1 or 2 ml/well) after 2-5 passages and were randomly divided into 4 groups (n =31 each): group LPS; group platelets (group P);group neutrophils (group N) and group platelets + neutrophils (group PN).Each well contained about 5 × 107/ml platelets and/or 5 × 105/ml neutrophils respectively.PMVECs were incubated with LPS1 μg/ml at 37 ℃ in a 5％ CO2 humidified atmosphere for 1,6,12,18 and 24 h respectively in all 4 groups.The cells were examined with phase contrast microscope for morphological changes and survival condition.Viability rate,apoptotic rate and activation rate of PMVECs were detected by flow cytometry at each time points.ResultsThere was no significant difference in morphology and number of endothelial cells (ECs) among the 4 groups,while the number of activated ECs was significantly increased but the number of living cells decreased in group PN compared with group LPS.The activation rate of ECs was significantly higher after being incubated with LPS for 6-12 h in groups P and N than in group LPS.The viability rate was significantly lower,while the apoptotic rate and activation rate were significantly higher after ECs were incubated with LPS in group PN than in groups LPS,P and N.ConclusionPlatelets play a decisive role in mouse PMVEC injury induced by LPS activated neutrophils.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the safety and efficacy of total pelvic reconstruction surgery with Prosima in treatment of pelvic organ prolapse (POP) stage Ⅲ.Methods From July 2010 to December 2011,31 patients with POP stage Ⅲ undergoing total pelvic reconstruction surgery with Prosima were enrolled in this prospective study.Among two cases complicated with stress urinary incontinence underwent transobturator tension-freevaginaltapeconcomitantlywithtotalpelvicreconstructionsurgerywith Prosima.Clinical parameters during peri-operation were recorded and compared.Pelvic organ prolapse quantitative examiuation(POP-Q)andanatomicimprovementinthesepatientsafter surgery were analyzed.Comparisons of pelvic floor impact questionnaire-short form 7 ( PFIQ-7 ) and pelvic organ prolapse-urinary incontinence sexual questionnaire-short form 12 (PISQ-12) in these patients before and after surgery were used to evaluate quality of life and quality of sexual life.ResultsThe mean operating time was (55 ± 13) minutes,mean blood loss was (66 ± 25 ) ml.No severe intraoperative complications were observed.All patients were able to recover spontaneous mieturation within 5 days.Two cases experienced pelvic hematoma with diameters less than 7 cm,and resolved later.Another case was urinary tract infection.At the median follow-up 6 months ( 1 - 15 months),the rate of anatomic success defined as the leading vaginal edge above the hymen was 94％ (29/31).There were significant improvements in Aa,Ba,Ap,Bp,and C (P ＜0.01 ) by POP-Q.Two patients showed recurrent prolapse at 3 months and 1 year after surgery,without the need of further operation.The median score of post-operative PFIQ-7 was 0 point at 6 months and 0 point at 12 months after operation,respectively,which were significantly lower than that of 50 points pre-operation ( P ＜ 0.01 ).And there was no significant difference in the average score of PISQ-12 before and after surgery [ ( 30 ± 6) points versus (31 ± 4) points ] ( P ＞ 0.05 ).The rate of mesh exposure was 16％ ( 5/31 ),all the 5 cases occurred within 6 months and was cut in clinic.There was no case of de novo urinary incontinence and de novo dyspareunia.Conclusions Pelvic rcconstruction surgery with Prosima is safe and efficacy in treatment of POP stage Ⅲ.It could improve quality of life remarkably without influence on sexual quality of life.