As monosaccharide polymers,polysaccharides are widely distributed in nature,they are found in microorganisms,plants and animal cells and tissues.Glycosylation is of importance to maintain the structural stability and biological activity of protein molecules in eukaryotic cells.Polysaccharides represent the most important antigens recognized by immune system.The innate immune system senses invading microbes via their pathogen-associated molecular patterns,using pattern-recognition receptors on the surface of innate immune cells,many of which are polysaccharides uniquely expressed in certain microorganisms.Polysaccharides can also be processed intracellularly and presented to ??-T cells by MHC molecules.Polysaccharides can activate B lymphocytes,with or without T cell help,and induce production of specific antibodies.Amongst the polysaccharide-specific antibodies in human sera,some are products of adaptive humoral responses against microbial infection and others autoantibodies to glycan epitopes of host cells.Patients with autoimmune disorders tend to have higher titers of antibodies against various glycans.Immune clearance of senescence cells depends on the recognition of altered glycan epitopes on cell surface.Modification of glycan epitopes on tumour cell surface is at least partially responsible for activating antitumor immunity.Specific recognition of polysaccharides by the immune system is of importance to immunological defence,autoimmunity,anti-tumour immunity and immunological homeostasis,it will be the new focus of immunology research in the near future.

Objective: To study the role of simian virus 40 large T antigen(SV40LTag) and telomeras in the proliferation of endothelial cells in hemangioma. Methods: The expression of SV40LTag was examined in 100 cases of hemangioma with immunohistochemistry, telomerase activity and telomeric length were measured by RT-PCR based telomeric repeat amplification protocol(TRAP) assay, telomeric restriction fragment (TRF) analysis and chemiluminescence in situ hybridization in 50 cases of hemangioma and 10 of squamous cell carcinoma. A sample of embryonic kidney endothelia was used as the contrdol. Results: SV40LTag expression was observed in 45 out off the 100 cases of hemangioma. Telomerase expression was found in 27 out off the 50 cases of hemangioma and all the 10 of squamous cell carcinoma. The telomeric length in hemangioma varied from 6.8 to 13.2 kb, 10.5-13.5 kb in squamous cell carcinoma and 12.4 kb in embryonic kidney endothelia. Conclusion: Transformation of endothelia by simian virus 40 may contribute to the occurring of hemangioma, telomerase may play a role in the proliferation of the endothelial cells in hemangioma.

Half-synthetic oil ester (of fruit of a cubeb litsea tree) Suppositories. The speed of medicine release was 85% within 20min in S-40 Suppositories and nearly 100% within 30 min. Conclusion: S-40 can be used as the ground substance for the antipyretic Suppositories for children.

Objective　To study the effects of air disinfect ion by three methods. Methods　Air was disinfected by ultraviol et rays, pentadialdchyde and ozone, efficiency of disinfection was eval uated b y three different disinfection methods using synchronous sampling after and b efo re disinfected. Results　The peak of the bacteria background by precussion method was 10 o'clock, by the ballistic method was 9 o'clock and by the petri dish method was 10 o'clock before disinfected. Three disinfect ion methods were significantly different, efficiency of disi nfection of pentadialdchyde was the highest when it was evaluated by the precuss io n method, and recovery of bacteria was 43.4%～55.8% after disinfected 3 h our s; effect of pentadialdchyde was better than that of the ballistic method, and r ecovery of bacte ria was 21.8%～35.7% after disinfected 3 hours; effect of ultra violet ra ys was better than that of the petri dish method, and recovery of bacteria was 4 2.1%～60.6% after disinfected 3 hours. But their differences were not significan t. In t he course of experiment, temperature and relative humidity have a negative impac t on the ultraviolet ray's efficiency and almost have no impact on others. Conclusions　Disinfection method of the ultraviolet rays could be rep laced by disinfection method of pentadialdchyde and ozone.

Objective:To investigate the relationship between reactive hyperplasia of the draining lymph nodes and oral cancer micrometastasis.Methods:The specimens was taken from 12 patients suffered from oral squamous cell carcinoma,who accepted inpatient care in West China College of Stomatology,Sichuan University.There were totally 233 lymph nodes,and all the specimens were divided into normal,reactive hyperplasia and metastasis groups by pathological diagnosis.Immunohistochemistry method was used to inspect micrometastasis in the two prior groups,and the data were analyzed with SPSS 10.0.Results:25 lymph nodes were detected metastasis,79 were reactive hyperplasia,and 129 were normal.Normal mucosa,squamous cell carcinoma and metastatic lymph nodes were positive to keratin,and there were 29 and 12 specimens with micrometastasis in reactive hyperplasia and normal lymph nodes separately.Conclusion:Micrometastasis occured on the reactive hyperplasia lymph node in the oral cancer draining area is easier than that on the normal one.

The main progress in international critical care medicine in 2020 are: the reflections on the mandatory of implementation of the 1-hour cluster treatment strategy for sepsis are still continuing; the "metabolic resuscitation" therapy, represented by large dose of vitamin C, failed to yield positive results; the global epidemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) continues to spread, with evidences indicating Dexamethasone, Remdesivir or interferon β-1b (IFNβ-1b), Lopinavir/Ritonavir and ribavirin as promising therapy; conservative oxygen therapy did not exert positive effects neither for mechanical ventilated patients nor for acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patient; the concept of lung- and diaphragm-protective mechanical ventilation illuminates a new opportunity to potentially improve clinical outcomes for critically ill patients; there was no positive evidence for stress ulcer prophylaxis and timing of endoscopy for severe acute upper gastrointestinal bleeding; early initiation of renal-replacement therapy (RRT) for critically ill patients with acute kidney injury (AKI) has not shown positive effect. At last, artificial intelligence (AI) has shown good potential in identifying ARDS phenotypes and early predicting sepsis.

Objective To evaluate the protective effect of estrogen on survival of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs) after transient retinal ischemia-reperfusion (RIR) in rats. Methods RIR was induced in 60 ovariectomized adult rats (OVX) by increasing intraocular pressure via an intracameral catheter. All of the rats were divided into two groups randomly: in experimental group, the rats underwent a subcutaneous injection with 17?-estrodiol(100 ?g/kg) 2 hours before retinal ischemia; and in the control group, saline water was injected correspondingly. The number of RGCs and the thickness of the inner retinal layers were mesured by HE staining method before and 12, 24, 48, and 72 hours after reperfusion. TdT-mediated biotin-dUTP nick end labelling (TUNEL) staining technique was used to examine the apoptosis of RGCs. Results Twenty-four and 48 hours after reperfusion, the number of apoptotic cells in experimental group was obvious lower than that in the control group( P

Objective To evaluate the feasibility,safety,post-operative short and long-term outcomes of laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy in treating advanced gastric carcinoma without serosal invasion.Method From May 2007 to May 2013,54 cases of advanced gastric antral cancer without serosal invasion underwent laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy (laparoscopic group),54 demographically and pathologically-matched cases undergoing open surgery served as control.The surgical risk,post-operative recovery and follow-up results were compared.Result Surgery was successful in all patients.The mean operation time in laparoscopic group and open group was (168 ± 31) mins and (157 ±20) min respectively,the difference was significant (t =2.237,P =0.027) ; Intra-operative blood loss was (151 ± 56) ml and (213 ± 86) ml (t =4.45,P =0) ; Post-operative intestinal function recovery time was (2.7 ± 0.7) d and (3.4 ± 0.5) d (t =5.4,P =0) ; Lymph node dissection number was (26.4 ± 4.2) and (24.8 ±5.2) (t =1.769,P=0.08).Post-operative complication rate was 4％ and 11％ (P =0.142).There was no perioperative mortality in either group.Post-operative pathological stage of Ⅰ B,Ⅱ A,Ⅱ B,ⅢA was 8,17,24,5 cases in laparoscopic group and 9,14,23,8 cases in open surgery group.108 cases were followed up from 7 to 79 months.In laparoscopic group,8 cases had local recurrence or distal mestastasis,and 4 cases died from tumor; In open group,9 cases had local recurrence or distal mestastasis,and 6 cases died from tumor.Conclusions Laparoscopic-assisted D2 radical distal gastrectomy in treating advanced gastric cancer without serosal invasion is feasible,safe and advantageous in minimal invasion and rapid recovery,with good short and long-term outcomes.

AIM:To investigate the effect of TSM tablet on rat's atherosclerotic model's endothelial cell and explore the mechanism of it.METHODS:Fifty Wistar rats were randomly assigned into five groups:control group,model group,Simvastatin group,TSM high group,TSM low group.All groups were fed with high fat diet and vitamin D3 except for control group to set up atherosclerosis model.After 12 weeks we detected circle endothelial cell,angiotensinⅡ and electron microscopy morphology of arteries.RESULTS:Level of circulating enthelia cell(CEC) and AngⅡin model rats were significantly higher.TSM can reduce level of the CEC and AngⅡ.Model group rat's artery endothelial cells were severely damaged under electron microscopy;rat's artery endothelial cellsin TSM group were basically intact and its internal elastic membrane was unbroken on it thickness was even,without significant lesion.CONCLUSION:TSM by reducing the number of CEC,the level of AngⅡ used for experimental atherosclerotic endothelial cell in rats has the protective effect.

Objective To evaluate the value of MRI in diagnosis of meniscus tear of knee joint.Methods MRI manifestations of meniscus tear of knee joint were analyzed in 60 cases.Four-grade classification of meniscus injury was suggested according to Stoller's classification.Results Meniscus tear was seen in 65 menisci of 60 patients,including 15 medial tear,40 lateral tear,and 5 cases(n=10) of bilateral tear.Fifteen lateral discoid menisci were found among the 60 cases of meniscus tear.MRI revealed a accuracy of 90.8%.Thirty-nine cases were complicated by ligament injury,bone contusion,effusion of joint,fracture and meniscus cyst.Conclusion MRI can accurately diagnose meniscus tear and its complication.