This article reviewed the experience of the reform of the graduate student course system in Capital Medical University(CCMU),which included three aspects:the reform of course setting,the reform of course management rule and the reform of course management means.Then,it gives some new opinions about the reform of course system in the future.

OBJECTIVE Through nosocomial infection targeted surveillance in intensive care unit(ICU),to evaluate the characteristics of nosocomical infection and their its correlation with the results of environmental monitoring at the same period.METHODS Nosocomial infection monitoring was explored on patients who were in ICU more than 48 h from Jan 1997 to Jun 2008.Correlation analysis was conducted between the rate of nosocomial infection in ICU and the same period environmental monitoring results.Data were analyzed with the SPSS10.34 software.RESULTS There was significant difference(P0.05)in the rate of infection cases before and after target monitoring was practiced.The site of infection was mainly in respiratory tract,followed by the gastrointestinal tract and urinary tract;The full-time personnel in duty for nosocomial infection surveillance monitored the indoor air,object surface,medical personnel's hands in ICU,their qualified rate was 78.28%,90.94% and 95.83%,respectively.CONCLUSIONS There are many risk factors in patients in ICU,ICU should be looked as one of the important nosocomial infection monitoring department.The target monitoring of nosocomial infection is an effective method;the nosocomial infection rate in ICU and the environmental result at the same period don't show relevance,the environmental hygiene monitoring should be scientific and practical.

Objective To explore the relationship between histological chorioamnionitis(HC),fetal vasculitis(FV)and the morbidity of neonatal respiratory distress syndrome(RDS).Methods Three hundred and forty-seven cases of infants at the gestational ages of 28 +0 to 31 +6 weeks who were admitted to the Neo-natology Department of our hospital from October 2009 to June 2013 were analyzed retrospectively.They were divided into four groups according to the occurrence of HC and FV,namely,HC positive group and HC negative group,FV positive group and FV negative group.The patients in the HC positive group were further divided into FV positive group and FV negative group according to the occurrence of FV.The morbidity of RDS among above-mentioned groups was compared.Results The clinical characteristics including propor-tion of male,gestational age,birth weight,cesarean delivery,antenatal corticosteroid use,gestational hyperten-sion,gestational diabetes and cholestasis of pregnancy showed no statistically significant difference among all the groups(P 〉0.05).The incidence of RDS in the HC positive group(145 cases)was 49.6%(72 cases), which was significantly lower than that in the HC negative group(67.3%,126 /202,P 〈0.05).The incidence of RDS in FV positive group(64 cases)was 42.2%(27 cases),which was significantly lower than that in FV negative group(63.3%,179 /283,P 〈0.05)In the HC positive group(145 cases),the incidence of RDS in FV positive group (64 cases)was 42.2% (27 cases),and 55.6% (45 cases)in FV negative group (81 cases),which showed no significant difference(P ﹦0.01 ).Conclusion (1 )HC or FV can reduce the incidence rate of RDS in premature infants.(2)HC combined FV cannot furtherly reduce the incidence of RDS.

Objective To explore the correlation between histological chorioamnionitis (HC) and brain injury in preterm infants. Methods Three hundred and forty-seven cases of infants at the gestational age of 28-31 weeks who were admitted to the neonatology department of our hospital were analyzed retrospectively. They were divided into the HC group and the control group according to the pathological examination. Moreover, HC group was divided into FV group and non-FV group according to the pathological findings of fetal vasculitis (FV). Based on the findings of periodical ultrasonography, the incidences of periventricular leukomalacia (PVL), periventricular-intraventricular hemorrhage (PVH-IVH), and the PVL+PVH-IVH were compared among groups. Results The incidences of PVL in the HC group and the control group were 17.9% and 10.3%respectively. The incidences of PVL+PVH-IVH in the two groups were 5.5%and 1.48%respectively, and the difference between two groups was signiifcant (P<0.05). The incidences of PVH-IVH in the two groups were 28.9%and 26.2%respectively, and the difference between two groups was not signiifcant (P>0.05). In the HC group, the incidences of PVL in FV group and non-FV group were 28.1%and 9.87%respectively, and the difference between two groups was signiifcant (P<0.05). The incidences of PVH-IVH in FV group and non-FV group were 34.3%and 24.7%respectively, and the difference between two groups was not signiifcant (P>0.05). The incidences of PVL+PVH-IVH in FV group and non-FV group were 7.81%and 3.70%respectively, and the difference between the two groups was not have signiifcant (P>0.05). Conclusions HC may increase the ncidences of PVL and PVL+PVH-IVH in the preterm infants, while its effect is minimal on PVH-IVH. FV could increase the incidence of brain injury in preterm infants.

OBJECTIVETo evaluate the potential role of insulin-like growth factor-1 receptor mRNA (IGF-IR mRNA) in the onset and development of retinopathy in diabetic rats.

METHODSA diabetic model was duplicated in Wistar rats. The early changes in the retina were examined using light and transmission electron microscopy. Expression of IGF-IR mRNA was analyzed using in situ hybridization.

RESULTSWeak expression of IGF-IR mRNA (5%) was found in retinas of normal rats, but was significantly increased (15% and 18%) in the retinas of diabetic rats after 3 and 6 months of diabetes (P < 0.01). In situ hybridization and morphological study demonstrated that there was a positive correlation between IGF-IR mRNA expression and retinal changes at various stages.

CONCLUSIONIncreased IGF-IR mRNA might play an important role in the onset and development of diabetic retinopathy.

Animals ; Blood Glucose ; analysis ; Diabetic Retinopathy ; etiology ; Glycated Hemoglobin A ; analysis ; Insulin-Like Growth Factor I ; physiology ; Male ; RNA, Messenger ; analysis ; Rats ; Rats, Wistar ; Receptor, IGF Type 1 ; genetics ; Retina ; metabolism ; pathology

Objective:To investigate the application of digital scanning combined with reverse engineering technology in the teaching of full crown preparation.Methods:A total of 30 undergraduate students in the fifth grade of stomatology were selected from Shantou University Medical College and were divided into experimental group and control group using a random number table. Two resin teeth were distributed to each student and were placed on dental head simulators to perform full crown preparation. The students in the control group received teaching with analogies of experience, and those in the experimental group received teaching with digital scanning, i.e., full crown preparation for the second time after digital scanning for the first time of full crown preparation. The score was determined based on China Stomatological Association Standards: Guideline for the tooth preparation of dental ceramic crowns (T/CHSA 008—2023), with a total score of 100 points. SAS9.4 software was used for the two-independent-samples t test and the paired t-test, and the Kendall W concordance coefficient was used to investigate the consistency of evaluators. Results:There were significant changes after teaching in the preparation scores of the right maxillary central incisor (76.27 pre-demonstration vs. 84.70 post-demonstration, P<0.001) and the right maxillary first molar (72.10 pre-demonstration vs. 82.37 post-demonstration, P<0.001). Compared with the control group, the experimental group had a significant increase in the mean preparation score of the right maxillary first molar (14.00 vs. 6.53, t=2.64, P=0.014). In the experimental group, there were significant increases in the preparation scores of the right maxillary first molar for the occlusal surface (15.40 pre-demonstration vs. 19.33 post-demonstration, P<0.001), the buccolingual surface (18.13 pre-demonstration vs. 20.87 post-demonstration, P=0.016), and the proximal surface (12.40 pre-demonstration vs. 14.07 post-demonstration, P=0.004), as well as significant increases in the scores of the convergence angles of the buccolingual surface (2.80 pre-demonstration vs. 4.07 post-demonstration, P=0.004) and the proximal surface (3.47 pre-demonstration vs. 4.47 post-demonstration, P=0.008). Conclusions:Application of digital teaching for difficult crown preparation of posterior teeth can effectively improve the quality of crown preparation among students, standardize the teaching process of crown preparation, and increase the precision of crown preparation, thereby laying a foundation for promoting uniformity in talent cultivation for dental prosthodontics.

Objective To explore the effect of evidence-based nursing on medication compliance with multiple chronic disease patients in the community.Methods 60 patients with chronic diseases included in the center from January 2023 to June 2023 were selected,divided into control group and observation group before and after the application of evidence-based care,with 30 cases in each group.The control group adopted the usual care program,and the observation group adopted the evidence-based care program to compare the implementation rate of the review index before and after the evidence application,the medication compliance of the two groups,the drug holding rate and the drug knowledge level of community nurses for chronic diseases.Results After the application of evidence,the implementation rate of the review index was higher,and the medication compli-ance and drug holding rate of patients in the observation group were higher than that of the control group.After the application of evidence,the drug knowledge level of community nurses for chronic diseases was significantly improved,and the difference was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The evidence-based nursing practice can standardize the management of medi-cation compliance of patients with chronic diseases in the community,improve the medication compliance of patients with chroni diseases,and improve the knowledge level of chronic diseases in the community nurses.

Objective To investigate the altered spontaneous cerebral activity in patients with type 2 diabetic retinopathy (T2DR). Methods Twenty-one patients with T2DR and sixteen healthy control subject underwent rs-fMRI scans,and the data were analyzed statistically using regional homogeneity(ReHo)method to observe the change of ReHo value.Results Compared to the control group,the T2DR group showed significantly increased ReHo value in the right occipital gyrus,occipital gyrus,inferior occipital gyrus and lingual gyrus regions (t=5.30,P＜0.05,voxel＞30,AlphaSim corrected),and significantly decreased ReHo value in the left posterior cingulate,margin lobe,right inferior parietal lobule,superior temporal gyrus and hippocampus (t=-4.01,-4.86,P＜0.05,voxel＞30, AlphaSim corrected).Conclusion The patients with T2DR showed significantly increased ReHo values in the brain visual cortex and visual pathway that were associated with the injury of brain function regions.It is of important value to evaluate brain dysfunction in patients with T2DR using ReHo method of rs-fMRI.