Objective To investigate the pathophysiology mechanism in belching by using high resolution manometry combined with impedance monitoring.Methods Ten belching patients (four male and six female,ages ranged from 28 to 50 years) received high resolution manometry combined with impedance monitoring.The characters of esophageal motility at rest,swallowing and belching and the possible mechanism of belching were analyzed.Results Nine of 10 patients had esophageal peristaltic dysfunction,displaying as non-peristaltic contraction such as non-conduction contraction,interrupt contraction and dropping contraction.The pressure of the lower esophageal sphincter (LES) of three patients decreased.LES of one patient had incomplete relaxation.Nine of 10 patients were supragastic belching,in which air moved rapidly into esophagus and reversed exited from the mouth in one second.Among nine supragastic belching patients,the pleural pressure of seven patients increased during inspiration,upper esophageal sphincter relaxed and air was mistaken into the esophagus.The pharyngeal muscle contracted in two patients and the air was forced into esophagus.Of all the patients,intragastric and esophageal pressure increased through abdominal muscles and diaphragm contraction and air exited from the mouth.Conclusions The results of this study indicated that there was esophageal peristaltic dysfunction in belching patients.There was no frequently air swallowing in excessive belching patients,the typical belching model was supragastic belching.

Objective To study the effect of surface electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation on lower limb function in hemiplegic stroke patients. Methods Thirty hemiplegic stroke patients were divided into a treatment group ( 15 cases) and a control group ( 15 cases). Both groups were given conventional rehabilitation training.Additionally, the treatment group was given surface electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation training, while the control group was given common low frequency electrical stimulation. Brunnstrom's recovery stages, the Fugl-Meyer assessment (FMA) and electromyographic parameters were assessed before and after 3 courses of treatment. Results After treatment both groups had significantly higher Brunnstrom and FMA scores and better integrated electromyograms(iEMG), but the effects in the treatment group were significantly better than in the control group. Conclusions Surface electromyogram-triggered electrical stimulation training can provide satisfactory rehabilitation of lower limb function in hemiplegic stroke patients.

Objective To observe the efficacy and safety of oxycontin treatment in cancer patients with mod-erate to severe chronic cancer pain.Methods This study was performed by study group and control groups.120 cases of patients with moderate to severe chronic pain were enrolled in study group and treated with oxycontin(10mg/time, once every 12 hours).50 cases of patients with moderate to severe chronic pain were randomly allocated to control group and treated with tramadol hydrochloride sustained-release tablets(100mg/time,once every 12 hours).Clinical efficacy and adverse reactions of patients in the study group and control group were evaluated after therapy for three weeks.Results There was 35 cases of complete remission,80 cases of partial remission,and 5 cases of mild remis-sion,and the overall response rate was 95 .8% in the study group.In addition,there was 4 cases of complete remis-sion,4 0 cases of partial remission,4 cases of mild remission and 2 cases of no effect,and the overall response rate was 88.0%,there was statistically significant difference(P=0.004).Meanwhile,the rates of adverse reactions in the study group and the control group were 16.7% and 14.0%,respectively,there was no statistically significant differ-ence(χ2 =0.188,P>0.05 ).Conclusion Oxycontin can effectively safely treat cancer patients with moderate to severe chronic pain.

A metabonomics method based on gas chromatography_mass spectrometry ( GC_MS) was developed for detecting the significant differences of root exudates of the Cd hyperaccumulator Sedum alfredii under different treatments and study the effect mechanism of S. alfredii tolerating or accumulating the heavy metal Cd. The root exudates were collected after treatment for 4 and 8 days with 0 and 40μmol/L Cd. The collected solution was lyophilized and dissolved with methanol, and after derivatization with methoxyamine hydrochloride and N_methyl_N_trifluoroacetamide, the samples were analyzed by GC_MS. Principal component analysis ( PCA) and orthogonal partial least_squares discrimination analysis ( OPLS_DA) were carried out for pattern recognition and a clear separation among the different treatments was achieved. Twelve compounds which caused the separation among the different treatments were found and identified. With the change of treatments, the relative amount of these 12 compounds revealed different trends, which indicated that the Cd hyperaccumulator S. alfredii could adjust the secretion of root exudates to tolerate or accumulate the heavy metal Cd.

Objective To investigate the expressions of ?-catenin(?-cat)and ?-catenin(?-cat)and their relation with development and prognosis of non-small cell lung cancer(NSCLC).Methods Expressions of ?-cat and ?-cat were immunohistochemically studied in 43 specimens of NSCLC and 7 cases of normal lung tissues.Results Of the 43 NSCLC cases,the abnormal rate of ?-cat and ?-cat expression was 72.1% and 65.1%,respectively.Differentiation and lymph node involvement had a significantly positive correlation with abnormal expression of ?-cat or ?-cat(P

Objective To investigate the efficacy of docetaxel combined with capecitabine in the treatment of patients with locally advanced breast cancer and its effect on immune function.Methods 160 patients with locally advanced breast cancer were randomly divided into observation group and control group.The control group was treated with capecitabine.The patients in the observation group were treated with docetaxel combined with capecitabine.The clinical effective rate, median time to progress, median survival time, one year survival rate and immunoglobulin protein expression levels were observed.Results The clinical effective rate and stable rate in the observation group were 88.75% and 95.00%, which were significantly higher than 68.75% and 87.50% in the control group, the differences were statistically significant (x2=5.89,4.17,all P<0.05).After treatment, the median time to progression, median survival time and one year survival rate of the observation group were significantly higher than those of the control group (t=3.43,5.09,6.23,all P<0.05).Compared with before treatment, after treatment, the IgG,IgM and IgA levels in the observation group significantly decreased(t=2.34,3.16,3.27,all P<0.05), while those of the control group were not significantly changed (t=0.79,0.22,0.27,all P>0.05).Conclusion Docetaxel combined with capecitabine in the treatment of patients with locally advanced breast cancer can improve the clinical efficacy and stability, prolong the survival time of patients.Compared with using single agent chemotherapy, combined use has no significant effect on human immune function, the effect is better than the use of capecitabine alone, which is worthy of promotion in clinical use.

Objective To investigate the anesthetic action of intraperitoneal (i.p.) emulsified isoflurane and determine ED50 and LD50 in rats. Methods One hundred and thirty SD rats aged 6-8 weeks veighing 120-150 g were randomly divided into three groups: (A) control group ( n = 10) ; (B) ED50 group ( n = 60) ; (C) LDSO group (n = 60) . Group B and C were further divided into 6 subgroups with 10 animals (5 male, 5 female) in each subgroup. In control group a single bolus of 30% emulsified fat 2ml/100g body weight was administered i. p. In ED50 group a single bolus of 2.30% -6.0% vol/vol emulaified isoflurane 1.5 ml/100 g was administered i. p. and righting reflex was recorded. In LD50 group a single bolus of 4.09% - 10.64% vol/vol emulsified isoflurane 2 ml?100 g-1 was given i.p. and toxic response and lethal dose were recorded. The concentration ratio of the two neighbouring subgroups was 1:0.825. Results The ED50 of emulsified isoflurane was (0.57?0.07) ml.kg-1 and 95% confidence limit (CL) was (0.51-0.64)ml?kg-1 . The average onset time of action was (2.64 ?0.99) min and the average duration of action was (28 ? 11) min. The LD50 of emulsified isoflurane was (1. 26 ?0.10) ml?kg-1 and 95% confidence limit was 1.10-1.45 ml?kg-1 . The therapeutic index (LD50/ED50)was 2. 24. Conclusion Intraperitoneal emulsified isoflurane can provide effective general anesthesia and can be used for animal experiments which need anesthesia of short duration.

The microbial transformation of buflomedil by Cunninghamella blakesleana AS 3.153 was studied, as well as a microbial model which can be used to mimic metabolism of buflomedil in mammal was established. Experiments were conducted to screen the capabilities of four strains of Cunninghamella species to transform buflomedil, in which C. blakesleana AS 3.153 was selected for a preparative biotransformation. Furthermore, the microbial model was established based on the transformation condition optimization. The parent drug and its metabolites produced by C. blakesleana AS 3.153 were detected by liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry method and three metabolites were identified while two of them were new found metabolites. Two major metabolites, para-O-desmethyl buflomedil and 12-C-oxidated buflomedil, were isolated by semi-preparative HPLC. Based on the comparison between different species, the microbial transformation of buflomedil by C. blakesleana AS 3.153 is more similar to the metabolism of buflomedil in human and Beagle dog than that in rat.

Objective To explore the imaging features on chest radiograph and CT in children with Influenza A H1N1 pneumonia. Methods The imaging data of chest radiograph and CT in six children with Influenza A H1N1 pneumonia confirmed by real-time RT-PCR assay was retrospectively analysis. All patients had chest radiograph at first examination and 4 of them re-examed. One children took CT. Results All cases showed thick lung markings with varied degrees of pulmonary infiltration and interstitial changes on chest radiograph. Among them, 3 cases showed bilateral pulmonary infiltration and 3 cases showed infiltration in left lung; enlarged hilar was observed in 3 cases. The imaging findings of the pneumonia changed quickly during the follow-up accompanied with the improvement of clinical symptoms. The only one chest CT examination showed bilateral infiltration, multiple ground-glass opacities,small subpleural nodulars, right pleural effusion and lymphadenopathy of lung hila and mediastinum. Conclusions Chest radiograph and CT revealed certain typical imaging features in the children with influenza A H1N1 pneumonia. However, the final diagnosis of influenza A H1N1 pneumonia still should be made based on epidemiology and laboratory examination.

Objective To investigate the EUS elastographic patterns of normal pancreas and focal pancreatic lesions, and its value for characterizing and differentiating between benign and malignant pancreatic tissues. Methods Between January and June 2009, 6 patients with normal pancreas and 9 patients with focal pancreatic lesions were enrolled. Real-time elastography was carried out during the conventional EUS examination. The elastographic images were scored with 1 to 5 based on the elastographic pattern. Results Nine focal pancreatic lesions were finally diagnosed as pancreatic cancer (n = 4), cyst-adenocarcinoma (n =1), cyst-adenoma (n = 2) and focal pancreatitis (n = 2), respectively. Pancreatic cancers were scored as 3(n = 1) and 4 (n = 3). Cyst-adenocarcinoma was scored as 5 and cyst-adenomas were scored both as 2,while focal pancreatitis were scored as 2 and 3, respectively. Elastographic pattern was scored as 1 (n = 5)and 2 (n = 1) in 6 normal pancreas. When scores 1 and 2 were assigned to benign lesion and 3 to 5 to malignancy, the overall diagnostic accuracy of EUS elastography for focal pancreatic lesions was 88. 9%(8/9). Conclusion There are apparent differences in elastographic patterns between benign and malignant pancreatic tissues. EUS elastography is a promising method that allows characterization and differentiation of benignancy and malignancy.