Objective: To establish human multidrug-resistant hepatocellular carcinoma cell line(QGY7703/DDP) to analyze its different resistance and sensitivity. Methods: The human hepatocellular carcinoma cell line QGY7703 was continuously grown in the presence of cisplatin（DDP) for up to 6 months. Cell proliferation and cytotoxicity were serially monitored. Results: The chemosensitivities to 5-FU，DDP，adramycin (ADM) and mitomycin(MMC) were different between QGY7703 and QGY7703/DDP. The exhibitions were 1.533 fold to 5－FU，2.181 fold to DDP，7.08 fold to ADM, 9.461 fold to MMC in QGY7703/DDP. Conclusion: The drug resistance in cancer cell lines can be established by exposing to antitumor drugs in cell culture system.

Rectal cancer does great harm to human health which is one of the common gastrointestinal malignancies.The most effective treatment to rectal cancer is surgical resection at present.With the increasing demand on the quality of life,we minimize the surgical resection to preserve the anal function of patients while removing the tumor completely depends on the distal excision margin.But how long of the distance is safe? Lots of domestic and foreign scholars have a great controversy without a certain definition.This article reviews the progress on the distal excision margin,aiming to give help to clinical sphincter-preserving surgery.

OBJECTIVE:To evaluate therapeutic efficacy and safety of ubenimex combined with chemotherapy in the treatment of malignant tumor,and to provide evidence-based reference in clinic.METHODS:Retrieved from Central,PubMed,CJFD,VIP and Wanfang database,randomized controlled trials (RCTs) about ubenimex combined with chemotherapy (trial group) vs.single chemotherapy (control group) in the treatment of malignant tumor were collected.The quality of studies were evaluated by bias risk evaluation criteria of Cochrane system evaluator manual 5.1.0 after screening literatures and extracting data.Meta-analysis was performed by using Rev Man 5.3 statistical software.RESULTS:A total of 12 RCTs were included,involving 762 patients.The resuits of Meta-analysis showed that:shorter-term response rate [RR=1.24,95 ％ CI (1.08,1.43),P=0.002] and the improvement rate of life quality Karnofsky score [RR=1.69,95％ CI(1.46,1.95),P＜0.001] in trial group were significantly higher than control group;the incidence of gastrointestinal toxicity [RR=0.74,95％CI(0.57,0.94),P=0.02] and leucocyte suppression rate[Ⅰ °-Ⅳ°(＜3 months):RR=0.54,95％CI(0.37,0.79),P=0.002;Ⅲ°-Ⅳ°:RR=0.44,95％CI(0.29,0.68),P＜0.001] were significantly lower than control group,with statistical significance.CONCLUSIONS:Ubenimex combined with chemotherapy can improve malignant tumor,shorter-term efficacy and life quality,and reduce gastrointestinal and marrow toxicity.

Objective To explore the attention bias characteristics and impacts of attention training on negative attention bias of undergraduates with sub-clinical depression.Methods The undergraduates whose BDI scores being at the top of 5％ were recruited as participations and assigned to early attention training group and late attention training group using random number table.The dot probe paradigm was used to compare the difference of depressive symptoms and ingredients of attention bias made by different processing phases of attention training.Results (1)The BDI score after the training(87.91± 12.47) was significantly lower than that the former test (97.23±17.72) (F~,32)=4.78,P＜0.05),and the attention bias score in late attention training group (-5.97±2.92) was lower than that in the early attention training group(2.77±2.75) (P＜0.05).The interaction of the stimulus materials presenting time and the measuring time was significant(F(2,64) =4.76,P＜0.05).Simple effect analysis showed that when the time of stimulus material presenting was 1 000 ms,the score of negative attention bias after the test (-4.89 ± 23.66) was significantly lower than pre-test (7.73±26.14) (F(1,33) =5.11,P＜ 0.05).In the pre-test,the negative attention bias scores of the stimulus materials presenting time for 100 ms and 1 000 ms (8.62 ± 27.60,7.73 ± 26.14) were significantly higher than that for 500 ms (-12.80±29.09)(P＜0.05).(2)When the negative disengaged score as a dependent variable,the repetitive measure analysis of variance showed that the interaction effect of the stimulus materials' presenting time and training group type was significant (F(1,32) =4.41,P＜0.05).Simple effect analysis results indicated the negative disengaged score of the late attention training group at post-test (-5.84±7.79) was significantly lower than that at pre-test (24.16±7.35) (P＜0.05).Conclusion The attention training during the late stage of the attention process can efficiently intervene the negative attention bias of undergraduates with sub-clinical depression.

Objective To evaluate the influence of preoperative quitting time on coronary artery bypass grafting (CABG) patients with postoperative hypoxemia incidence.Methods 151 patients with coronary bypass surgery and preoperative history of smoking who preparation of CABG in hospital were recruited from September 2011 to September 2013.According to the preoperative smoking cessation time patients were divided into five groups:0 days,1-30 days,31-60 days,61-90 days,more than 90 days.Single factor regression and Logistic analysis were used to analyse the influence of preoperative quitting time on CABG patients with postoperative hypoxemia incidence.Results Age,weight,smoking habit,quitting time,hypertension,diabetes mellitus were risk factors of hypoxemia after coronary artery bypass grafting.Logistic regression analysis showed that age,body weight,smoking habit,smoking time were independent risk factors of hypoxemia after coronary artery bypass grafting.The incidences of hypoxemia of the five groups 0 days,1-30 days,31-60 days,61-90 days and more than 90 days were 55.56％ (15/27),59.26％ (16/27),27.58％ (8/29),22.73％ (5/22),15.63％ (5/32).The incidence of hypoxemia had significant difference (x2=19.212,P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions Age,weight,smoking habit,quitting time were independent risk factors of hypoxemia after CABG.With the quitting time increase,hypoxemia after CABG overall downward trend.Difference quitting time before the operation,the hypoxemia occurred difference rate influence,On the preoperative smoking CABG patients were smoking cessation intervention timely helps to reduce the occurrence of postoperative hypoxemia.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome (MS) and female subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Methods A total of 835 female subjects were enrolled in this study. MS was defined based on the ATP Ⅲ criteria. Age groups were ＜45,45 to 65,and ≥65 years. The participants were evaluated by the number of components of MS and clusters of MS components. Measurement of carotid arteries with B-mode ultrasound imaging was performed. Intima-media thickness and plague of the carotid arteries were regarded as the indicators of subclinical carotid atherosclerosis. Results The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis, MS components and MS was significantly increased with the increased age. After age was adjusted, multiple logistic regression analysis showed that every component of MS was independently associated with carotid atherosclerosis; the increased waist circumstance and blood pressure and reduced HLD showed stronger effect. The prevalence of carotid atherosclerosis was increased with increasing number of components of MS. When compared to the 0 MS component group,the odds ratio (OR)of carotid atherosclerosis of the groups with 1, 2,3,4, or 5 components were 1.4,2. 0,3.4,5. 7 and 7. 1,respectively. The altered cluster components of MS impacted differently on carotid atherosclerosis. The clusters of components of MS with increased waist circumstance were more frequent than without ones. Conclusion Every component of MS may be an independent risk factor of carotid atherosclerosis;increased components of MS could contribute higher odd risk to carotid atherosclerosis; clusters of MS components might show different impacts on carotid atherosclerosis.

Objective To explore the clinical features of invasive fungal infection in 27 children treated at nephrology department between 1999 and 2014.Methods Twenty-seven cases of invasive fungal infection at nephrology department were analyzed retrospectively.Results Candida urinary infection was found in 9 cases,pneumocystis carinii pneumonia were found in 8 cases,invasive pulmonary aspergillosis and urinary aspergillosis found in 4 cases and 1 case respectively,cryptococcus neoformans meningitis and pulmonary candidiasis found respectively in 2 cases,and pulmonary filamentous fungal disease was found in 1 case.These 27 cases showed different features of illness:10 primary nephrotic syndrome,7 secondary nephrotic syndrome,6 malformation of urinary development and 4 preterm birth ＜ 32 weeks gestational age with low birth weight.All of the cases had the history of taking antibiotics.Seventeen cases of them had used corticosteroid and cytotoxic drugs in a long-term.Sixteen cases had experienced invasive procedures.All children had fever in varying degrees,14 cases showed gasp,7 cases had progressive hypoxia and respiratory failure,and 5 cases developed into multiple organs failure.Chest computed tomographic (CT) imaging data showed diffuse ground-glass opacity with mosaic sign of pneumocystis carinii pneumonia(8 cases).The features of pulmonary aspergillosis included multiple nodules and cavity in bilateral lungs (4 cases).The radiologic findings showed patching lesions with indistinct edge and uncertained density of bilateral middle-lower lung fields with pulmonary candidiasis (2 cases).Full dose of antifungal drug was given to 23 cases of them,16 cases recovered completely,3 got better,4 cases died.Four cases gave up full dose antifungal therapy.Conclusions Long-term use of corticosteroid and cytotoxic drugs,use of broad-spectrum antibiotics,invasive therapies,such as indwelling centralvenous catheters,endotracheal intubation with mechanical ventilation,and preterm birth with low birth weight were risk factors in predicting invasive fungal infection.Chest CT findings were different among these cases.Even though not specific,the relatively differences were helpful to the differential diagnosis of these diseases.

Aim To investigate the vasodilatory effect of Ferulic acid on in vitro rat coronary artery and its possible mechanism. Methods By using the mi-crovessel tension recorder system, the vasodilatory effect of FA on resting and contractin-vitro rat coronary artery was determined;the influence of endothelial in-tegrity to FA-induced vasorelaxation was observed; the relationship of FA on [ Ca2+] ex-influx-induced and [ Ca2+] in-efflux-induced contractions was discussed;the mechanism of vasodilatory effect of FA was ex-plored by applying the inhibitors of KCa(TEA),KATP channel ( Gli ) , KIR channel ( BaCl2 ) , KV ( 4-AP ) , NOS( L-NAME) and COX( Indo) . Results FA had no effect on the resting tension of in vitro rat coronary artery. FA dilated the in-vitro rat coronary artery pre-treated with KCl ( 60 mmol · L-1 ) , U46619 ( 1 μmol · L-1 ) and PE ( 10μmol · L-1 ) in a concentration-dependent fashion ( P < 0. 05 ) . FA inhibited the [ Ca2+] ex-influx-induced and [ Ca2+] in-efflux-in-duced contractions significantly ( P <0. 05 ) . 4-AP ( 1 mmol· L-1 ) restrained the diastolic function of FA, while TEA, Gli, BaCl2、L-NAME, Indo had no obvious effect ( P >0. 05 ) . Conclusion The diastolic func-tion could be related to the activation of KV channel on vascular smooth muscle cells, the free Ca2+ from Sar-coplasmic reticulum cells and blockade extracellular Calcium channel do not depend on KCa, KATP, KIR channel, nor the endothelial function.

Primary hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is one of the most common malignancies worldwide and has a relatively high mortality rate.Liver transplantation has become an effective treatment for HCCs,but tumor recurrences after liver transplantation and donor shortages are the major limitations.The Milan criterion was the first standard and has been widely applied to liver transplantation of HCCs.Then,there are new emerging standards,namely University of California,San Francisco criterion (UCSF),Hangzhou and Shanghai criteria.Meanwhile,the comparison among these criteria laid the foundation for early prediction and prevention of post-transplantation tumor recurrence.In this review,clinical effect prediction and tumor recurrence after liver transplantation are also heated issues.

Objective To establish chronic stress model of depression in adolescent rats and to examine the effects of different antidepressant treatment on depression and anxiety-related behaviors.Methods Male Wistar rats were given 21-day chronic mild stress (CMS) during their adolescence (postnatal day 30～50, PND30～50).During stress period, rats were treated with fluoxetine (10 mg/kg i.p.) or imipramine (10 mg/kg i.p.), respectively.After stress, rats were tested for behavioral observation using body weight gain, saccharine test, open field and elevated plus-maze (EPM).Results Compared with control/vehicle (n=10) group, stress/vehicle (n=11) group displayed lower weight gain, saccharine preference index and the number of rearing in open field (P<0.05).Antidepressant fluoxetine, but not imipramine reversed anhedonia and the decrease of the number of rearing induced by stress.In addition, compared with early adolescent(PND29) rats, late adolescent (PND52) rats in control/vehicle group exhibited less open arm entries and open arm time, more closed arm time in EPM (P<0.05).Rats in stress/vehicle group showed more open arm entries and less closed arm time than controls(P<0.05).Both fluoxetine and imipramine had no effects on such changes.Conclusions Stress can induce the depression-like behavior in adolescent rats.Fluoxetine, but not imipramine,can effectively reverse anhedonia induced by stress.However, Both antidepressants have no significant effects on stress-induced decrease in developmental increment of anxious behavior during adolescence.These data suggest that chronic mild stress have complicated effects on depressive and anxious behavior in adolescent rats.