This study analyzed the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund projects and the National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar in 11 colleges and universities.Those projects were funded by the department of life science of National Natural Science Foundation of China (NSFC) in 2001- 2009.The average annual growth rate was calculated by Algebraic average method.The results showed that:① the average annual growth rate of Youth Science Fund project rose or dropped with the rise or drop of average annual growth rate of Science Fund Project.② the rapid growth of Youth Science Fund projects may enhance the ability of colleges and universities to gain National Science Fund for Distinguished Young Scholar.③ the capability of colleges and universities to gain life science project funded by NSFC is not balanced among different regions,and this gap is widening,and ④ to narrow the gap between disciplines,greater effort is needed to train outstanding young scholars.

Type 2 diabetic patients with the decline of urinary Tamm-Horsfall protein excretory rate showed the increment of fasting plasma homocysteine levels, suggesting that the damage of synthetic function of renal tubule may participate in the increment of homocysteine levels.

Through discussing the traditional medical ethics culture and medical ethics,this paper pointed out the main problems in the teaching practice of medical ethics:it did not well handle the relationship between the inheritance of traditional culture and the absorption of foreign culture;it emphasized too much on the learning of analysis methods and tools of ethical problems but ignored the cultivation of personality and morality;the teaching curriculum of medical ethics is unreasonable.This paper discussed the similarities and differences between medical ethics and traditional ethics culture,gasped the common essence of ethics,and put forward to better improve the teaching of medical ethics through the construction of basic theory system,the settings and perfection of curriculum system,the construction and improvement of the curriculum evaluation system,and the inheritance of traditional medical ethics cultural.

Objective To explore the anti-inflammatory therapeutic role of erythromycin in chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD) by investigating the effect of erythromycin on the level of nuclear factor kappa B(NF-?B) and intercellular adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1) in airway epithelium of smoking rats.Methods Wistar rats(n=30)with weighed(150?10) g each,20 were randomly sampled to be exposed to cigarettes smoking for four weeks then 10 of them were exposed wntinuously to cigaretts smoking for eight weeks as smoking,group,other loof them were intragastrically perfused by erythromycih before smoking as evythromycin group,the rest of total 30 rats as control group Then assessed expiratory airway resistance and lung compliance and observed the expression level of NF-?B and ICAM-1 in airway epithelium by using immunohistochemical method.Results(1) The expiratory airway resistance was increased and the lung compliance was degraded significantly in smoking group(5.67?0.32,4.39?0.40)(P

Objective To observe the ultrastructure changes on von Ebner's gland of type 2 diabetes rats. Methods Eighteen Wistar rats were randomly divided into control group and experiment group.The diabetes rats model were induced by intraperitoneal injection streptozotocin(STZ) after high-fat food.The von Ebner's gland ultrastructure was observed under transmission electron microscope(TEM) after 8 weeks. Results Compared with the control group,in diabetes rats acinar cell nucleus appeared nucleolemma introcession and karyopycnosis;mitochondria exhibited vacuole degeneration and crista breaking;rough endoplasmic reticula expanded and showed degranulation.Conclusion A sereies of pathologic changes in von Ebner's gland of diabetes rats can be induced by diabetes,which provides morphological evidences for further investigation on the mechanism of diabetes complication.

Objective To explore the association between cytotoxic T lymphocyte associated antigen-4 (CTLA-4) gene polymorphism and susceptibility to ankylosing spondylitis (AS). Methods The case-control studies from Chinese Biomedical Database, Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure, Wanfang, Weipu, PubMed, Cochrane Library, OvidSP, Wiley Online Library, Elsevier Science Direct, Springer Link databases for the association of CTLA-4 gene polymorphism with AS. The association strength was assessed with chi-squared test by Stata 12.0 software. Results Seven references of CTLA-4 gene +49A/G (rs231775) polymorphism were enrolled which included 1119 AS patients and 995 controls (healthy subjects or non-AS patients), which showed that there were no statistical difference between AS and control groups under recessive, dominant, co-dominant, additive and allele gene models. Five references of CTLA-4 gene-318C/T (rs5742909) polymorphism were enrolled which included 635 AS patients and 512 controls, which showed that there were no statistical difference between AS and control groups under recessive and additive gene models; however, there were statistical difference between AS and control groups under dominant model [ OR=1.651, 95%CI (1.052, 2.590), P=0.029], co-dominant model [OR=0.621, 95%CI (0.403, 0.957), P=0.031] and allele model [OR=1.587, 95%CI (1.068, 2.357), P=0.022]. Conclusion The meta analysis reveal that CTLA-4 gene rs231775 single nucleotide polymorphism is not associated with the susceptibility to AS; rs5742909 SNP is associated with the susceptibility to AS, which suggests that C→T mutation increases the risk of AS.

BACKGROUND:Developmental dislocation of the hip is a type of adult hip dysplasia, including Crowe III and IV type; the type of dislocation of the hip is a severe prognosis. Total hip replacement is clinicaly used for the complex reconstruction of acetabulum. For injured acetabulum, autologous bone graft is effective to reconstruct acetabulum structure, provides good coverage and stability for the acetabulum. Postoperative combination with effective exercise can ensure the recovery of acetabulum function. OBJECTIVE:To analyze the correlation of prosthesis position selection during total hip replacement with clinical short- and middle-term effects of Crowel III and Crowel IV hip dislocation. METHODS:Clinical data of 28 cases of dysplasia and dislocation of the hip joint combined with severe osteoarthritis, who were treated in the Department of Joint Surgery, the Second Affiliated Hospital, Inner Mongolia Medical University from December 2011 to December 2012, were retrospectively analyzed. Al patients received total hip replacement. Implant was biological artificial total hip joint prosthesis. During 2-year folow-up, patients were rechecked by imaging regularly to analyze the imaging changes of acetabulum prosthesis position and bone graft fusion. Harris hip score was used to assess the recovery of hip function. The correlation of prosthesis position and short- and middle-term effects was analyzed. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: The filing rate of medulary cavity of prosthesis was above 75%. The initial position was fixed and stable. The stability rate of femur-prosthesis interface reached 100%. Compared with pre-replacement, hip function was significantly improved at 6 months post surgery (t=25.55, 9.07;P < 0.05). These results indicate that total hip replacement for Crowel III and Crowel IV hip dislocation can effectively reconstruct the acetabulum, recover hip function, and stabilize prosthesis. Total hip replacement is characterized by good filing rate, high stability of femoral prosthesis interface, and stable initial fixation. The clinical repair effect is strongly associated with the position of the prosthesis.

Objective To investigate the cognitive behavioral characteristic longitudinally of the patients after subcortical infarction engaged in feature and binding working memory tasks.Methods The behavioral performances were recorded from 28 patients after subcortical infarction at the 1 st week (W1),3 rd moth (M3) and 6th month (M6) while performing color,location,and color-location binding delayed match-to-sample working memory task.25 healthy volunteers(controls) were investigated once using the same task protocol during the study period.Computer recorded the behavior reaction time and accuracy.Single factor variant analysis of repeated measurement was adopted.Results The accuracy of three memory tasks of M3 ((64.92 ± 5.47) ％ ; (92.88 ± 2.98) ％ ;(82.35 ±7.44)％) was improved than that of W1 ((61.06 ±7.78)％; (90.59 ±2.95)％; (77.06 ±5.58) ％) and the difference had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).But the reaction time of M3 ((868.31 ±118.91)ms; (833.37 ± 120.99) ms; (918.72 ± 101.28) ms) was shortened than that of W1 ((914.02 ±110.53) ms; (859.89 ± 139.94) ms; (1150.17 ± 92.02) ms) and the difference also had statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).In the location-memory task,the correct rate of M6 ((93.91 ± 2.86) ％) was improved than that of M3 ((92.88 ± 2.98) ％) and the reaction time of M6 ((813.24 ± 119.54) ms) was shortened than M3 ((833.37 ±120.99) ms).M6 and M3 to be compared in the color memory task,the correct rate ((64.50 ± 4.49) ％ ; (64.92 ± 5.47) ％) and the reaction time ((866.47 ± 123.87) ms; (868.31 ± 118.91) ms) had no significant difference (P ＜ 0.05).But in the color-location binding task,the correct rate of M6 ((78.49 ± 7.85) ％) and M3 ((82.35 ± 7.44)％) to be compared had significant decreased nearly the level ((77.06 ± 5.58)％) of the stroke beginning.All behavioral performances of patients were worse than that of control subjects except the compare result of location-memory task in M6((93.91 ± 2.86) ％ ; (813.24 ± 119.54) ms).Conclusion Feature memory and binding memory had been damaged in different degrees in the patient after subcortical infarction.The binding memory had the secondary damage what might be related to the secondary nerve fiber degeneration after infarction.

BACKGROUND: Serum cytokines in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy are increased obviously, and the expression of interleukin-6mRNA is also observed in myocardial tissues. High epidural anesthesia can block the vicious cycle involving cytokines and improve cardiac function. OBJECTIVE: To observe the changes of interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor in patients with dilated cardiomyopathy after high epidural anesthesia treatment. DESIGN: A case-controlled analysis. PARTICIPANTS: Thirty-five inpatients with dilated cardiomyopathy were selected from the Department of Cardiology, First Hospital Affiliated to Harbin Medical University, from October 2001 to May 2002. All the patients were randomly divided into high epidural anesthesia group and conventianal treatment group. High epidural anesthesia group consisted of 22patients, 15 males and 7 females, whose cardiac function was classified into grade Ⅱ in 4 patients, grade Ⅲ in 9 and grade Ⅳ in 9. Conventional treatment group consisted of 13 patients, 11 males and 2 females, whose cardiac function was grade Ⅱ in 1 patient, grade Ⅲ in 5 and grade Ⅳ in 7. Healthy control group comprised 21 people, 13 males and 8 females,who received physical examination at the same period. INTERVENTIONS: Patients with dilated cardiomyopathy were treated with high epidural anesthesia and conventional method, whereas those in conventional treatment group were treated with conventional method only.Elbow venous blood of 3 Ml was sampled from all patients on empty stomach in the morning before treatment and after 4-week treatment. The level of serum interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor was measured with enzyme-linked immunoadsorbent assay. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The level of serum interleukin-6 and soluble interleukin-2 receptor of patients in eachgroup. RESULTS: Blood samples of the 56 subjects were qualified and entered the final analysis.①The level of serum interleukin-6 was higher in dilated car diomyopathy group (13.9ng/L) than in healthy control group (11.22 ng/L) (z= -3.072, P ＜ 0.05). ② The level of serum interleukin-6 in high epidural anesthesia group was obviously decreased aftertreatment (11.42 ng/L) as compared with that before treatment (20.42ng/L) (z =2.582 9, P ＜ 0.05).The le vel of serum interleukin-6 in conventional treatment group was similar before and after treatmant(12.16 ng/L and 12.80 mg/L, z = -1.89,P ＞ 0.05). The difference of interleukin-6 level in high epidural anesthesiagroup (-2.04 ng/L)was obviously higher than that in conventional treat ment group (0.28 ng/L) (P ＜ 0.01) before and after treatment.③The level of serum soluble interleukin-2 receptor was higher in dilated car diomyopathy group[(1 306.17±1.46)ng/L]than in healthy control group [(1078.95±1.23) ng/L] (t =2.51, P ＜ 0.05). ④ The level of soluble intedeukin-2 receptor in high epidural anesthesia group was decreased after treatment [(1 086.68±1.34)ng/L]as compared with thatbeforetreatment [(1 328.01±1.51) ng/L], (t =2.145, P ＜ 0.05). The level of soluble interleukin-2 receptor in conventional treatment group was similar before and after treatment [(1 473.33±1.66) ng/L and (1 331.07±1.52) ng/L,t=-1.06, P ＞ 0.05]. CONCLUSION:The level of serum interleukin-6 and soluble inter leukin-2 receptor is significantly decreased after high epidural anesthesia, suggesting that high epidural anesthesia can regulate cytokines better than conventional treatment.The regulation of high epidural anesthesia is related to inhibition of sympathetic nervous system and humoral-im mune system.

Objective To explore the association between the polymorphism in-308 site of tumor necrosis factor (TNF)-α promoter region and ankylosing spondylitis (AS).Methods The case-control studies from PubMed,Cochrane Library,Ovid,Chinese Biomedical Database,Chinese National Knowledge Infrastructure,Wanfang and Weipu databases for the association polymorphism in-308 site of TNF-α promoter region with AS.The pooled odds ratios (OR) with 95％ confidence intervals (CI) were appropriately derived from random-effects models or fixed-effects models to assess the association strength by RevMan 5.2 and Stata 12.0 software.Results Nineteen references enrolled 2 155 AS patients and 2 367 controls in total.The meta analysis showed that the frequencies of GG vs (AA +GA) genotypes was not statistically different between AS group and the control group in total populations [OR=1.20,95％CI (0.85,1.70),P=0.30],in the populations of Asian origin [OR=1.29,,95％CI (0.66,2.52),P=0.45] and in the populations of non-Asian origin [OR=1.16,95％CI (0.78,1.72),P=0.46].The analysis also showed that the frequencies of AA vs (GG +GA) genotypes was not statisticalLY differenT between AS group and the control group in total populations[OR=0.78,95％CI (0.53,1.15),P=0.21],in the populations of Asian origin [OR=1.15,95％CI (0.33,4.00),P=0.82] and in the populations of non-Asian origin[OR=0.69,95％CI (0.42,1.13),P=0.14].The analysis also showed that the frequencies of allele G vs A was not statistically different between AS group and the control group in total populations [OR=1.09,95％CI (0.79,1.50),P=0.61],in the populations of Asian origin [OR=1.17,95％CI (0.65,2.09),P=0.60] and in the populations of non-Asian origin [OR=1.05,95％CI (0.71,1.54),P=0.81].Conclusion The Meta-analysis reveales that all genotypes and alleles of-308 site of TNF-α promoter region may not be associated with AS.