Glaucoma is the most common cause of irreversible blindness worldwide.The major performances of glaucoma optic neuropathy are progressive loss of retinal ganglion cells (RGCs),specific visual field defect and optic atrophy induced by elevated intraocular pressure.Glaucoma primarily includes primary open angle glaucoma (POAG),chronic angle-closure glaucoma (CACG) and exfoliation glaucoma (XFG).Recent studies showed that genetic factor and environmental factor participate in the pathogenesis of glaucoma,and the contributions of genetic factor to glaucoma are widely concerned,and some disease-causing gene and their pathogenic mechanisms are sequentially announced.A comprehensive discussion of the advances in molecular genetics of glaucoma is included in this paper.

Objective To study the ultrasonic features of fetus deformity.Methods 34 cases with fetus defomity were examined by Aloka 280 B-mode ultrasound and Hp-image point system(3.5 MHz transducer).Results Of the thirty-four cases with fetus deformity,thirty-one cases were seen and proved by the clinical induced labour and parturition.Only three of the cases were misdiangnosed.Conclusion Examination with the ultrasonic equipment is a simple and convenient way in the antenantal examination.Fetus deformity often exists simultaneously with various types of deformity and has close relationship with the amount of amniatic fluid.

[ABSTRACT]Pulmonaryarterialhypertensionisdefinedasamultifactorialgroupofpulmonaryvasculardisorders characterized by a progressive increase in the pulmonary vascular resistance , resulting in right heart failure and premature death.The plexiform lesion is the hallmark of severe pulmonary arterial hypertension .This article summarized the recent progress in the plexiform lesion including its occurrence , structure, animal models and molecular mechanism , which tried to predict the tendency of plexiform lesion study .

Objective We sought to determine the incidence,clinical features,and risk factors for retroperitoneal hematoma(RPH)after percutaneous coronary intervention(PCI).Methods A retrospective analysis yielded 21 cases of RPH out of 3,729 consecutive patients undergoing PCI between January 2000 and September 2005 in Anzhen hospital.Cases were compared with a randomly selected sample of 30 control subjects without RPH.Predictors were studied using univariate and multivariate analysis.Results The incidence of RPH was 0.6%.Anemia(100%)was a most universal feature.Features of RPH included hypotension(95%),diaphoresis(57%),groin pain(48%),abdominal pain(38%)and back pain(38%).The following variables were found to be independent predictors of RPH:female gender(odds ratio OR=5.23,P

Mesenehymal stem cells CMSCS are nonhematopoietie stromal cells that are capable of differentiating into, and contribute to the regeneration of, mesenchymal tissues such as bone, cartilage, muscle, ligament, tendon and adipose. MSCs have been isolated from human first- and second-trimester fetal blood, liver, spleen, bone marrow, adipose tissue, amniotie fluid, periosteum and embryo. Not only can they express many phynotypes involving adhesion molecules and chemokine receptors, but also have character of immune tolerance, so they have potential of migration and transportation to target issue and feature of immune suppressing. There are wide application prospects for a number of areas in the cardiovascular, neurological, blood, surgical injury and other diseases. The current review describes the phynotypes, the immune tolerance and the potential for homing of MSCs.

Generally speaking,the hepatocyte stem cell is not a specific cell type.but an overall name of all kinds of cells that possess stem cell characters about embryonic development and regeneration of liver.HSC is a pluripotential stem cells which have self-renewal capacity and could differentiate into mature hepatocytes and bile duct cells.According to the different origin of hepatocyte stem cell,it can be usually divided into two kinds:non liver-derived hepatocyte stem cell and liver-derived hepatocyte stem cell.

Objective:To compare the efficacy of penehyclidine hydrochloride and atropine in the prevention of catheter related bladder discomfort(CRBD) in patients undergoing gynecology laparoscopic surgery.Method;Eighty ASA classⅠorⅡpatients undergoing elective gynecology laparoscopic surgery were randomly assigned into 2 groups of P and A with 40 cases each.Fifteen minutes before the anesthesia induction,penehyclidine hydrochloride 0.5 mg and atropine 0.25 mg were administered in Group P and Group A,respectively.After the induction of anesthesia,patients were catherized with a 14 Fr Foley's catheter.HR,bladder discomfort,Ramsay Sedative Score(RSS) and side reactions were recorded at 0 h,0.5 h,1 h and 6 h after the end of surgery in the post-anaesthesia care unit(PACU).The severity of bladder discomfort was graded as mild,moderate and severe.Result:The total incidence rate of CRBD in Group P was apparently lower than that in Group A(P0.05).The incidence rate of CRBD of Group P was apparently lower than that in Group A at 6 h after the end of surgery(P0.05).Conclusion:The application of enehyclidine hydrochloride before anesthesia induction provides a better prophylactic effect of CRBD than that of atropine but with a higher incidence rate of dry mouth.

Objective To summarize extracorporeal membrane oxygenation (ECMO) in percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI) for acute myocardial infarction (AMI) with cardiac arrest,and to evaluate the clinical efficacy comparing with literature review.Methods 5 patients of AMI with cardiac arrest who proved invalid to conventional cardio-pulmonaryresuscitation (CPR),were successfully resuscitated with ECMO support,and underwent emergency PCI with stable hemodynamic status.Results In support of ECMO,4 patients were successfully resuscitated with stable hemodynamic status,and underwent primary PCI.The duration of ECMO support ranged from 42 to 220 h (average 126.6 h).3 patients discharged with full recovery,one patient didn't wean from ECMO successfully,and one died of respiratory failure.Conclusion Although mortality of AMI with cardiac arrest is high,early ECMO-assisted cardiopulmonary resuscitation and secondary PCI treatment increase the possibility of cardiac recovery,and provide conditions for emergency revascularization treatment.This reduces mortality in critical patients with AMI,and is an effective short term life support method.

Objective: Full expression of class I HLA molecules on tumor cells is pivotal in priming the tumor antigen-specific CTLs for effective iramunotherapies. Tumor cells display abnonnal expression of HLA class I molecules in human ovarian carcinoma. Methods: In this study, the expression of class I molecules in human ovarian cancer cells was determined by using Western bloting, immunohistochemistry testing and flow cytometry. The mRNA of TAP (transporter associated with antigen processing) and LMP(low molecular weight polypeptide) were exannined at the same time by RT-PCR. Results: It has been shown that class I molecules were unable to be, or only weakly, expressed in five of eight ovarian cancer cell lines. On these cell lines abnormal in class I expression, no or only little mRNA were detected for TAP1, TAP2, LMP2 and(or) LMP7 genes. Class I expression, however, could be partially recovered by incubating the tumor cells at 25℃ when compared with those at 37℃ . Conclusion: The results suggested that the dysfunction of TAP and IMP genes, following by a defective expression of class I molecules, might be one of the mechanisms enable ovarian cancer cells to escape from immune surveillance.