OBJECTIVE:To determine whether bacterial endotoxins test(BET) can replace the pyrogen test for the sodium bicarbonate injection.METHODS:The comparative experiment of tachypleus amebocyte lysate(TAL) and rabbits were studied to determine the sensitivity.RESULTS:The sensitivity of TAL test was 0.125 EU.ml－1, 12 times higher than that of using rabbits.CONCLUSIONS:BET may replace pyrogen test.

Objective To evaluate the diagnostic value of homocysteine(Hcy)and high?sensitivity troponin T(hs?TNT)of serum in coronary heart disease(CHD). Methods A total of 310 cases of CHD(CHD group )and 285 cases of healthy individuals(healthy control group)were re?cruited in our hospital from August 2014 to July 2015. The serum levels of Hcy and hs?TNT in all subjects were measured using methods of enzy?matic cycling and electrochemical luminescence. Results Levels of Hcy and hs?TNT of serum sample in CHD group were higher than healthy control group(P<0.05). The positive rate of Hcy combined with hs?TNT was 88.4%,which was significantly higher than the positive rate of indi?vidual detection(P<0.05). Hcy and hs?TNT of patients with myocardial infarction were different from those of patients without myocardial infarc?tion . The differences were statistically significant(P<0.05). Conclusion The combined detection of Hcy and hs?TNT can improve the detec?tion rate of CHD,which has a certain application value in the diagnosis of CHD.

OBJECTIVE: To investigate the effect of ultrasonic extraction in the determination of Chanfukang gran- ules. METHODS: Different types of ultrasonic extractor were used to determine the same sample repeatedly .RESULTS & CONCLUSION: The extraction effects were different in using ultrasonic extractors with different power levels and ultrasonic frequency.

To study the underlying mechanism of vasovasotomy infertility, we set up the rabbit model and observed the levels of testosterone, IL-1 activity and TNFα, which represent the functions of monocytes and macrophages on the animal model of vasovasostomy, and probed into the in vitro effect of IL-1β on the production of testosterone by Leydig cells. Rabbit model was set up and divided into vasovasostomy fertility group (VFG) and vasovasostomy infertility group (VIG), and set up peer group of Vasectomy group (VG) and sham operation group (SOG) as controls. The results were as follows: The sperm density and total number is highest in SOG, with that in VFG markedly lower than that in SOG, but significantly higher than that in VIG. 　　1. VFG showed significant higher level of testosterone (Ts) than SOG, VG and VIG; Ts of VIG was significantly lower than SOG or VFG. In the vasovasostomy groups, sperm density is positively correlated to the level of testosterone. 　　2. The level of serum cortisol in VIG significantly higher than that in VFG, SOG, and VG. The level of serum cortisol negatively correlated to serum testosterone. 3. Serum estradiol(E2) was similar among all the groups (P＞0.05). E2/T ratio is significantly different among the groups, with that in VIG highest and that in VFG lowest. 4. Serum IL-1 activity in VIG was significantly higher than that in SOG and VFG(P＜0.05). 　　5. Serum TNFα and serum IL-1 activity share similar change, with TNFα in VG significantly higher than that in SOG(P＜0.01), VIG was the highest among the four groups(P＜0.01). Correlation test showed that serum IL-1 activity and TNFα level was negatively correlated to testosterone level; positively correlated to cortisol level and E2/T ratio. 6. Immuno-histo-chemistry of CD68 and TNFα in rabbits with vasovasostomy showed that in the testis tissue of SOG, interstitial tissue was normal with no filtration of inflammation cells including CD68 cells. In VFG and VIG, the tubules with resumed sperm production showed negative staining, and atrophic tubules and their surroundings were expression positive of CD68, with that markedly deeper in VIG than that in VFG. TNFα positive expressed granules was found only in atrophic convolted seminiferous tubules and their surroundings, with that deeper in VIG than that in VFG. 7. Culture Leydig cells were put in the following holes:(1) Control; (2) hCG; (3) IL-1; (4)IL-1 β+hCG; (5) IL-1 β+IL-1Ra; and (6) hCG+IL-1β+IL-1Ra. Determined the levels of testosterone by immuno-radiation technique. (1) IL-1 β showed no obvious effect on the Leydig cultured in vitro, but depressed the induction of Leydig cells by hCG to synthesize testosterone; (2) IL-1Ra blocked the depression of IL-1β Leydig cells' bio-synthesis of testosterone induced by hCG. In summary, one of the obvious changes in animals with vasovasotomy is low density of sperms, which is related to the lowering of testosterone. Low level of testosterone is related to the activation of monocytes and macrophages to produce IL-1 and TNFα, which negatively regulate the production of testosterone.

Objective:To evaluate the feasibility of fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) in diagnosing vascular abnormality in oral and maxillofacial region.Methods: The method of retrospective study was used.The data from the patients who underwent FNAC from 2011 to 2014 in Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Surgery, Peking University School of Stomatology were collected.All the included patients were divided into surgery group and non-surgery group.The patients in surgery group underwent lesion resection and the postoperative pathological results were gained.The patients in non-surgery group underwent periodical sclerotherapy.The accuracy of FNAC was identified by histopathologic diagnosis in surgery group and the effect of sclerotherapy in non-surgery group.Results: In this study, 93 patients were involved, including 51 males and 42 females.The median age was 2.5 years.Among them, 67 cases were judged as vascular abnormality by FNAC, and 63 cases were in consistent with final diagnosis and 4 cases were not.Among the other 26 cases which were diagnosed as other diseases by FNAC, 5 cases were accorded with final diagnosis.Therefore, the sensitivity of FNAC on diagnosis of vascular abnormity was 93% and its specificity was 84%.Among them, there were 29 cases in the surgery group and 64 cases in the non-surgery group.FNAC results were in consistent with the postoperative pathological results in 20 cases in surgery group (69%), and not consistent with pathological results in 9 cases.The pathological diagnoses included vascular malformations (3 cases), neurofibromas (2 cases), hamartoma (1 case), sebaceous cyst (1 case), adenolymphoma (1 case), and descriptive diagnosis (1 case).In non-surgery group, FNAC results were in consistent with the clinical effect of sclerotherapy in 61 cases (95%).There were 3 misdiagnosed cases.The coincident rate between the result of FNAC and that of pathological or clinical diagnosis was 86%.Conclusion: FNAC is a feasible and minimal invasive method to diagnose vascular abnormality in oral and maxillofacial region.

Y0, then the diagnosis of hypertension with liver cirrhosis obtained. The positive rate of diagnosis is 95% and the specificity is 96% and 91% respectively, much better than those in type B ultrasonography or gastric endoscopy, 78% or 75% respectively (P

Objective To systematically evaluate the clinical efficacy and safety of Danshen Chuanxiongqin Injection (DCI) in the treatment of angina pectoris. Methods Randomized controlled trials (RCTs) regarding DCI in the treatment of angina pectoris were searched in CNKI, VIP, Wanfang Database, CBM, PubMed, Embase and Cochrane Library by Feb. 2014. Two researchers independently retrieved the RCTs and extracted the information. The Cochrane risk of bias method was used to assess the quality of the included studies, and a meta-analysis was conducted with Review Manager 5.2 software. Results A total of 12 RCTs with 1145 participants were included. The meta-analysis indicated that the combined use of DCI and conventional treatment with western medicine was more effective in the outcomes of the total clinical effective rate [RR=1.27, 95%CI (1.19,1.35), P<0.000 01], the total effective rate of ECG [RR=1.34, 95%CI (1.23,1.46), P<0.000 01], and decrease of plasma viscosity [MD=-0.15, 95%CI (-0.25,-0.05), P=0.004] and fibrinogen [MD=-0.96, 95%CI (-1.14,-0.78), P<0.000 01]. And there were no adverse drug reaction reports. Conclusion Based on this systematic evaluation, DCI combined with conventional therapy is effective and relatively safe in treating angina pectoris, but it still needs larger samples, multi-center, and high quality RCT to verify.

Objective To analyze the experience of Yang Boliang for the treatment of dysentery. Methods The prescriptions for dysentery that used by Yang Boliang were collected to build a database, and analyzed by the unsupervised data mining methods, such as apriori algorithm, entropy Clustering complex systems. Results Based on the analysis of 35 prescriptions, the most frequently used drug, the core drug combinations and the new prescriptions were mined from the database. The most frequently used drugs were tuckahoe, rhizoma pinellinae praeparata, and roasted radix puerariae. The core drug combinations were“tuckahoe- radix scutellariae-moutan bark”, “plantago seed-rhizoma pinellinae praeparata-maticated leaven”, and “charred radix aucklandiae-charred radix etrhizoma rhei-waterlily leaf”, etc. The new prescriptions were such as “plantago seed-rhizoma pinellinae praeparata-maticated leaven-charred radix rehmanniae recen-processed rhizoma Cyperi”. Conclusion Yang Boliang was well experienced in treating dysentery by using the drugs with clearing heat, and drying dampness, and clearing dampness by promoting diuresis.

Objective:To analyze the causes and risk factors for failure of internal fixation with proximal femoral nail antirotation (PFNA) in the treatment of femoral intertrochanteric fractures.Methods:A retrospective analysis was conducted of the 568 patients with femoral intertrochanteric fracture who had been treated with PFNA fixation at Department of Orthopaedic Surgery, The Fifth Central Hospital of Tianjin from March 2013 to March 2018. They were 348 males and 220 females, aged from 44 to 93 years (average, 74.6 years). According to the fracture stability classification, the patients were divided into a stable group of 424 cases and an unstable group of 144 cases. According to the AO classification, the stable group had type 31-A1 and type 31-A2.1 while the unstable group type 31-A2.2, type 31-A2.3 and type 31-A3. The 2 groups were compared in terms of reduction quality, rate of internal fixation failure, and function of the affected hip. Single factor and multi-factor binary logistic regression analyses were conducted to determine the risk factors responsible for failure of PFNA fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture.Results:There were no significant differences in the preoperative general data between the 2 groups, showing comparability between groups ( P> 0.05). Internal fixation failure occurred in 19 cases, which was caused by spiral blade withdrawal in 13 cases, femoral neck shortening in 17 cases, hip varus in 14 cases, and spiral blade cut-out in 14 cases. The failure rate for the stable group was 1.2% (5/424), significantly lower than that for the unstable group [9.7%,(14/144)] ( P<0.05). The Harris hip score at the last follow-up for the stable group [98(95,100)] was significantly higher than that for the unstable group [84 (82, 87)] ( P<0.05). There was no significant difference in reduction quality between the 2 groups ( P>0.05). The multivariate analysis showed that osteoporosis ( OR=7.283, 95% CI: 1.626 to 32.623, P=0.009) and unstable fracture ( OR=11.607, 95% CI: 4.039 to 33.355, P<0.001) were risk factors responsible for the failure of PFNA fixation of femoral intertrochanteric fracture. Conclusions:PFNA fixation for unstable intertrochanteric fracture can lead to a high failure rate. It forms a lever like structure so that the main stress is shifted to the internal fixation. Its lever fulcrum is located at the angle of intramedullary fixation so that a long arm forms at the load-bearing side, leading to a high failure rate. The weight-free time should be longer for patients with osteoporosis and unstable fracture after operation.

Objective To analyze the experience of Yang Boliang for the treatment of exogenous diseases. Methods The prescriptions for exogenous diseases that used by Yang Boliang were collected to build a database, and analyzed by the unsupervised data mining methods, such as apriori algorithm, entropy Clustering complex systems. Results The most frequently used drugs were tuckahoe, stir-baked fructus gardenia, rhizoma pinellinae praeparata, radix curcumae, radix scutellariae, tetrapanacis medulla, poria cocos, caulis bambusae in taenian, lobster sauce, bitter almond, poria with hostood, fructus forsythiae and so on. The core drug combinations were “fructus forsythia- burdock- lobster sauce”, “semen sojae germinatum- radix liquiritiae-talcum- poria with hostood”, “bitter almond- balloon flower- mulberry leaf”, and so on. Conclusion Yang Boliang treated exogenous diseases by using the drugs with relieving superficies by cooling, dispelling dampness and promoting dieresis.