OBJECTIVE:To study the process and mechanism of thermal decomposition of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride(CPLX).METHODS:With Al2O3 as reference substance,the samples in nitrogen gas were analyzed by differential scanning calorimetry(DSC),thermogravimetry(TG),digital thermogravimetry(DTG).The thermal kinetic parameters including the energy of activation(E),pre-exponential factor(A),reaction order(n) and pk value were computed based on the data of the thermal analysis curves.RESULTS:The thermal kinetic parameters were as follows:E=101.18 kJ?mol-1,lnA=26.96 s-,n=1,and pk=7.01,and the storage life of ciprofloxacin hydrochloride under normal temperature was 2 years.CONCLUSION:The thermal analysis method is simple and the result is reliable in the study of thermal decomposition of ciprofloxa-cin hydrochloride.

AIM:To investigate whether hypoxic preconditioning(HPC)protects cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells against oxidative injury,and to discuss whether calreticulin(CRT)contribute to this protection through p38 MAPK signaling pathway.METHODS:Cardiomyoblast H9c2 cells were randomly divided into eight groups as follows:hydrogen peroxide stress(H2O2);brief hypoxic exposure of 20 min to simulate hypoxic preconditioning(HPC);20 min of hypoxic exposure followed by 24 h of normoxic reoxygenation before hydrogen peroxide stress(HPC+H2O2),SB203580(the specific inhibitors of p38 MAPK)+HPC+H2O2,antisense oligonucleotides transfection of calreticulin(AS),AS+H2O2,AS+HPC+H2O2 and control.Morphological studies,estimation of lactate dehydrogenase(LDH)leakage and flow cytometry were employed to assess the cell apoptosis and necrosis.RT-PCR and Western blotting analysis was used to detect calreticulin expression and phosphorylation of p38 MAPK.RESULTS:The results obtained are as follows:(1)HPC relieved cell injury caused by H2O2.Compared with those in H2O2 group,apoptosis rate and LDH leakage in culture medium in HPC + H2O2 group decreased 13.4% and 44.0%,respectively(P

AIM: To investigate the CE fingerprint of the compound Shengmai Powder(Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng rubra,Radix Ophiopogonis,Fructus Schisandrae chinensis). METHODS: Sequential uniform design was used to optimize the separation conditions. A CE fingerprint for Shengmai Powder was established using buffer comprising 44 mmol/L borate and 34 mmol/L SDS at pH 9. 5,a running voltage of 25 kV,a capillary temperature of 25 ?C and a wavelength of 200 nm. The sample was injected at a pressure of 50 mbar for 100 s. RESULTS: From the fingerprints of eleven batches of sample solutions,twenty main common peaks were determined. four peaks came from Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng,six peaks from Radix Ophiopogonis,thirteen peaks from Fructus Schisandrae chinensis,three peaks shared by Radix et Rhizoma Ginseng and Radix Ophiopogonis,one peak shared by Radix Ophiopogonis and Fructus Schisandrae chinensis and one new constituent. CONCLUSION: The developed method is accurate and reliable,and the fingerprint analysis can be used for the quality assessment and control of compound Shengmai Powder.

Objective To investigate the quality of life for clinical patients with malignant tumors and the influencing factors so as to provide health departments with basis for improvement. Methods(Using) methods of interviews and questionnaires,investigations were made on the quality of life for 639 patients with malignant tumors diagnosed between January 2001 and July 2002 in the various cities and regions of Sichuan and the influencing factors by means of filling out quality of life assessment scales.(Results) The quality of life for patients with malignant tumors was in general pretty low,scoring 54.40?10.95.Careers in management were positively related to psychological status(P

Objective To explore the relationship between the level of serum homocysteinaemia(Hcy) and the carotid artery atherosclerosis(CAA),and its change after intervention therapy with folate acid and VitaminB12 (VitB12). Methods The levels of serum Hcy,folate acid and VitB12 were measured in 169 patients with cerebral infarction(CI group) and 110 normal controls(NC group). The condition of carotid arteries was checked by color dopper flow image in CI group. The relationship between the level of serum Hcy and folate acid,VitB12 and CAA condition were analysed. The change of serum Hcy level was observed after intervention treatment of folate acid and VitB12 for 4 weeks in CI patients with hyperhomocysteinaemia.Results Compared with the NC group,the level of serum Hcy was significant higher in CI group(P

Objective To evaluate the energy metabolism of normal muscle in different age group.Methods Noninvasive 31P-MRS was acquired from quadriceps muscles in healthy people including 10 adults and 6 juvenile.Peak areas were standardized for longitudinal saturation and coil inhomogeneity.The concentration of phosphomonoesterase(PME),inorganic phosphate(Pi),phosphodiesterase(PDE),phosphocreatine(CrP)and adenosine triphosphate(ATP)was determined from spectra.Concentrations of adenosine diphosphate(ADP)and phosphorylation potential(PP)were calculated from the biochemistry reaction equilibrium.Enzymatically active magnesium ATP complex Mg-ATP and pH value were determined from relative chemical shift.Results Normal muscle had prominent high energy phosphate peaks,the mean concentration of CP and ATP was 24.76 and 18.38 mmol/kg in adults,25.52 and 21.36 mmol/kg in young subject.In comparison with adult group,young subjects had lower PDE and higher ATP values.pH value,magnesium ATP and total magnesium were higher in young subjects too.Pi,CP,ADP,PP,free Mg2+ and free ATP concentration were similar in both group.Conclusion High energy compounds were slightly higher in juvenile subjects.31P-MRS is a noninvasive technique to evaluate energy metabolism in different age group.

Objective To compare the body composition of diabetic and healthy subjects and to investigate the correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Body composition was analyzed in 80 type 2 diabetic patients (diabetes group) and 80 healthy subjects (control group) selected at random.They were measured for body fat mass,visceral fat area,sketedtal muscle mass,waist-hip ratio,the content of protein and mineral,etc.The blood glucose,blood fat,insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) were also measured.Results The means of body fat mass((19.68 ± 6.78)kg),percent body fat ((29.87 ± 8.04) ％),obesity degree ((115.93 ± 15.94) ％),visceral fat area ((104.48 ± 36.19) cm2),Body mass index(BMI) ((24.85 ± 3.51) kg/m2),chest circumference ((94.06 ±7.86) cm),waist circumference ((85.18 ± 9.50) cm) and waist-hip ratio (0.90 ± 0.05) were significantly higher than the means of healthy subjects'weight control ((-4.08 ± 6.79) kg),body fat mass ((17.31 ± 5.55)kg),percent body fat ((27.38 ± 6.47)％),obesity degree((108.88 ± 13.80)％),visceral fat area ((85.44 ±44.04) cm2),BMI ((23.43 ± 3.10) kg/m2),chest circumference ((91.11 ± 7.52) cm),waist circumference ((80.79±8.17) cm) and waist-hip ratio (0.86 ± 0.05) (t=2.55,2.30,3.12,2.86,2.73,2.28,3.12 and 4.76 respectively;P ＜0.05),body mass control ((-7.01 ± 7.49) kg),obesity control ((-8.53 ± 6.66)kg),muscles control((1.52 ± 1.43) kg) were lower than control group:the body mass control((-4.08 ±6.79) kg),obesity control ((-6.39 ± 5.78) kg),muscles control ((2.31 ± 2.09) kg).The uric acid was negatively related to weight control and obesity control (r =-0.43,-0.42 ; P ＜ 0.01),and were positively related to visceral fat area,percent body fat,waist-hip ratio,BMI,obesity degree,chest circumference,waist circumference and body fat mass (r =0.32,0.31,0.40,0.36,0.36,0.31,0.42,0.42 ; P ＜ 0.05).The triglyceride was negatively related to weight control and obesity control (r =-0.44,-0.41 ;P ＜ 0.01),and were positive related to percent body fat,waist-hip ratio,BMI,obesity degree,chest circumference,waist circumference and body fat mass(r =0.27,0.35,0.46,0.46,0.35,0.42,0.42 ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The body fat and fat distribution are significantly different between diabetic and healthy subjects.There may be some relationship between central obesity and diabetes.

Objective The aim of this study is production of organ specific animal model for studying reproductive toxicity in mice.Methods F1 generation was gotten by mating the Ddx4 -cre transgenic male mice with the Rosa26mT/mG transgenic female mice.F1 offspring and its parents phenotype was screened by molecular biological, histopathological and in vivo imaging technology.Results At molecular level, specific DNA fragment was only found in testis of F1 offspring; At the organ level, the expression of green fluorescent protein could only be observed in testis of F1 offspring; Testicular frozen sections and sperm fluorescence observation showed that green fluorescent protein were mainly expressed in the germ cell lineage such as secondary spermatocyte and spermatocyte and spermatozoon.Conclusions The production of the mice with specific germ cell expressed green fluorescent protein by Cre/loxP recombination system were built successfully.

Objective p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a crossing center of various pathways. In this study, protein transduction system based on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transactivator of transcription (TAT), which is an efficient delivery peptide of the foreign proteins into cells, was employed to study p38 MAPK functions in eukaryotic cells. Methods p38 And its dominant negative form, p38AF, were constructed into pET-His-TAT vector correctly to verify that the recombinant plasmids were well-founded through restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The two proteins, His-TAT-p38 and His-TAT-p38AF, were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli by SDS-PAGE. Then they were incubated with ECV304 cells respectively and readily transduced into cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. The cells were stimulated by sorbitol. Activating transcription factor (ATF) 2 phosphorylation level was checked using Western blot to assess the activity of endogenous p38. Results Compared with controls, it was found that His-TAT-p38 increased the level ofATF2 phosphorylation in sorbitol-stimulated ECV304 cells, while His-TAT-p38AF inhibited it, indicating p38 MAPK protein delivery system based on TAT was constructed successfully. TAT-p38 and its dominant negative form possessed high biological activity after transduction into ECV304 cells by TAT protein delivery system. The results showed that p38AF fused with TAT could inhibit the transduction of endogenous p38 signal pathway in part, and other pathway might regulate p38 phosphorylation. Conclusions Our study provides a novel pathway to inhibit p38 signal pathway and establish a new method to study p38 function.

OBJECTIVETo observe the impact of acupuncture on the subjective symptom, sleep quality and sleep efficiency in the patients of insomnia differentiated as spleen deficiency or non-spleen deficiency in terms of the spleen and stomach theory.

METHODSSixty patients with insomnia were divided into a spleen deficiency group and a non-spleen deficiency group, 30 cases in each one. In the two groups, acupuncture was applied at Sishencong (EX-HN1), Shenmen (HT 7), Sanyinjiao (SP 6), Zusanli (ST 36) and Tianshu (ST 25). The treatment was given once every other day, five times as one course, and two courses were required. The Athens Insomnia Scale (AIS) was used to observe the changes in the patients' subjective symptoms. The Pittsburgh sleep quality index (PSQI) was adopted to observe the changes of patients' sleep quality. The sleep efficiency was applied to observe the changes in sleep time. The clinical efficacy was determined.

RESULTSThe total effective rate was both 80. 0% (24/30) after 5 and 10 treatments in the spleen deficiency group and was 76. 7% (23/30) and 80. 0% (24/30) respectively in the non-spleen deficiency group. The differences were not significant between the two groups (both P >0. 05). The AIS total scores and PSQI total scores were reduced apparently after 5 and 10 treatments as compared with those before treatment (all P<0. 01). The difference at each time point was not significant between the two groups (all P>0. 05). The sleep efficiency after 5 and 10 treatments was all improved as compared with that before the treatment in the two groups (all P<0. 01).

CONCLUSIONAcupuncture based on the spleen and stomach theory achieves possibly the same clinical efficacy in the patients of insomnia differentiated as those with spleen deficiency and non-spleen deficiency. It relieves the subjective symptoms and improves the sleep quality and sleep efficiency in the patients.

Acupuncture Points ; Acupuncture Therapy ; Adult ; Female ; Humans ; Male ; Middle Aged ; Sleep ; Sleep Initiation and Maintenance Disorders ; physiopathology ; therapy ; Spleen ; physiopathology ; Stomach ; physiopathology ; Treatment Outcome