Objective:To investigate whether hydroxytyrosol (HT) may ameliorate oxidative stress and nuclear factor kappa B (NF-?B) activation in the lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-stimulated THP-1 cell line.Methods:The intracellular formation of reactive oxygen species (ROS) was detected by 2,7-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) as a fluorescent probe.Intracellular glutathione (GSH) level was estimated by fluorometric methods;Nitric oxide (NO) production was measured as nitrite (a stable metabolite of NO) concentrations.Western blot analysis was used to detect the expressin level of NF-?B.Results:The results showed that treatment of THP-1 cells with HT significantly reduced LPS-stimulated NO production and ROS formation in a concentration-dependent manner.HT at 50 and 100 ?mol/L concentrations increased the GSH level.The specific DNA-binding activities of NF-?B in nuclear extracts from 50 and 100 ?mol/L HT treatments were significantly suppressed.The antioxidant N-acetylcysteine (NAC) also showed the same effects as HT on LPS-induced ROS and NO production,change of GSH level,and NF-?B activation.Conclusion:These findings suggest that HT has antioxidant activity by suppressing intracellular oxidative stress and NF-?B activation in THP-1 cells.

OBJECTIVE To investigate and compare the enzyme kinetic characters of psoralen (PRN)and isopsoralen(IPRN)in rat and human liver microsomes. METHODS PRN and IPRN in liver microsomes incubates were determined using LC-MS/MS. The enzyme kinetic and metabolic stability of PRN and IPRN were investigated by employing the optimized rat and human liver microsomes incubations. The Vmax and Km values were calculated using the nonlinear regression method. RESULTS The quanti?tative method showed good linearity within the range of 0.1-50.0 μmol · L-1 and was suitable for the assay in biological samples. The in vitro elimination was linear with the substrate concentrations lower than 1 μmol,the protein concentration within 0.5 g · L-1,and the incubation time within 40 min. The t1/2 values of PRN and IPRN in rat and human liver microsomes were 74.5,95.0,74.5 and 173.3 min, respectively. The Vmax values of PRN in rat and human liver microsomes were(1.140±0.080)μmol·min-1·g-1 protein,(0.620±0.060)μmol·min-1·g-1 protein,while Km values of PRN in rat and human liver microsomes were (12.9 ± 0.3)μmol · L- 1,(7.4 ± 1.3)μmol · L- 1,respectively. The Vmax values of IPRN in rat and human liver microsomes were(0.251±0.012)and(0.103±0.014)μmol·min-1·g-1 protein,while Km values of IPRN in rat and human liver microsomes were (3.0 ± 0.4)μmol · L-1,(3.4 ± 0.7)μmol · L-1,respectively. CONCLUSION The enzyme kinetic characters and metabolic stability of PRN and IPRN show species and chemical structures related differences. Interestingly,the metabolic eliminations of PRN and IPRN are similar in rats. However,the metabolic elimination of IPRN in humans involved in CYP enzymes may be much slower than that of PRN.

Human enterovirus 71 (HEV71) is a major causative agent of hand,foot and mouth disease.Children infection with HEV71 can lead to series of neurological complications including aseptic meningitis,cerebral ataxia and even fatal outcomes.During recent decades,epidemic of hand,foot and mouth disease have occurred in many countries and regions in the world,which has become a major public health problem for children's health.There are no specific antiviral drugs for HEV71 infection,so it is necessary to develop safe and effective vaccine.In recent years,the research on HEV71 vaccine has made a breakthrough,and this article reviews the research progress of the vaccine.

Objective To observe the effects of exogenous adrenomedullin(ADM)on expressions of IL-4 and IFN-γ following mechanical renal trauma in the rats. Methods A total of 104 healthy adult plain grade Wistar rats were,randomly divided into four groups,ie,normal control group(eight rats),simple trauma group(32 rats),prevention group(32 rats,injected with ADM before trauma)and treatment group(32 rats,injected with ADM after trauma).The experimental model of rat with mechanical renal trauma was prepared by striking the ridge of the left rib area with free dropping forrous hammer in all groups except for the control group.Ten minutes before and after mechanical renal trauma,ADM ly.All rats were sacrificed by draining out all the blood in their hearts at 1,6,12 and 24 hours after mechanical renal trauma.Then,the renal tissues were removed and fixed with 10% formalin for observing the positive expressions of IL-4 and IFN-γ by means of SABC staining. Results Compared with the simple trauma group,the positive expression of IL-4 in the prevention group Wag observed at 1 hour,gradually increased at 6 and 12 hours and reached the peak at 24 hours after mechanical renal trauma,with statistical difference(P<0.05).The positive expression of IL-4 in the treatment group WaS increased at one hour and reached the peak at 6 hours after mechanical renal trauma,with statistical difference(P<0.05).Compared with the simple trauma group,the IFN-γ expression in the prevention group was,increased at 6 and 24 hours but decreased at 12 hour,while that in the treatment group was decreased significantly at 1,12 and 24 hours.Compared with the normal control group,the IFN-γ expression in the treatment group was significantly decreased at 1 and 12 hours.The IFN-γ expression in the treatment group was lower than that in the prevention group at every time points,with statistical difference(P<0.05). Conclusions Preventive and therapeutic administration of exogenous ADM can enhance the expression of IL-4.IL-4 and IFN-γ play an antagonistic role in repair ofthe renal injury.The primary role of exogenous ADM is the dynamic regulation of IFN-γ expression.

Objective To observe characters of sputum of patients with tracheotomy by heat and moisture exchanger(HEM)undergoing hyperbaric oxygen therapy(HBOT)in multi-person chamber.Methods In randomly block design,239 patients were selected and received HBOT using HEM combined with L-shape tube(group HEM,n=128)and by L-shape tube(group L,n=111)respectively.The characters and volume of sputum,times of sucking sputum and cases of sealing/extubation of tubes were assessed over first and tenth sessions of HBOT.Results The times of sucking and volume of sputum over first session of HBOT in the group HEM were more than those in group L.The sputum was changing from ropiness over first session to tenuity over tenth sesion(P＜0.01).Cases with sealing/extubation of tubes in group HEM were more than those of group L(P＜0.01).Conclusions It is helpful to humidify and discharge deposited sputum of patients over routine hyperbaric oxygen by HEM.And the case8 of sealing/extubation of tubes are also reduced.

Objective To compare the body composition of diabetic and healthy subjects and to investigate the correlation between obesity and type 2 diabetes mellitus.Methods Body composition was analyzed in 80 type 2 diabetic patients (diabetes group) and 80 healthy subjects (control group) selected at random.They were measured for body fat mass,visceral fat area,sketedtal muscle mass,waist-hip ratio,the content of protein and mineral,etc.The blood glucose,blood fat,insulin resistance index (Homa-IR) and glycosylated hemoglobin(HbA1c) were also measured.Results The means of body fat mass((19.68 ± 6.78)kg),percent body fat ((29.87 ± 8.04) ％),obesity degree ((115.93 ± 15.94) ％),visceral fat area ((104.48 ± 36.19) cm2),Body mass index(BMI) ((24.85 ± 3.51) kg/m2),chest circumference ((94.06 ±7.86) cm),waist circumference ((85.18 ± 9.50) cm) and waist-hip ratio (0.90 ± 0.05) were significantly higher than the means of healthy subjects'weight control ((-4.08 ± 6.79) kg),body fat mass ((17.31 ± 5.55)kg),percent body fat ((27.38 ± 6.47)％),obesity degree((108.88 ± 13.80)％),visceral fat area ((85.44 ±44.04) cm2),BMI ((23.43 ± 3.10) kg/m2),chest circumference ((91.11 ± 7.52) cm),waist circumference ((80.79±8.17) cm) and waist-hip ratio (0.86 ± 0.05) (t=2.55,2.30,3.12,2.86,2.73,2.28,3.12 and 4.76 respectively;P ＜0.05),body mass control ((-7.01 ± 7.49) kg),obesity control ((-8.53 ± 6.66)kg),muscles control((1.52 ± 1.43) kg) were lower than control group:the body mass control((-4.08 ±6.79) kg),obesity control ((-6.39 ± 5.78) kg),muscles control ((2.31 ± 2.09) kg).The uric acid was negatively related to weight control and obesity control (r =-0.43,-0.42 ; P ＜ 0.01),and were positively related to visceral fat area,percent body fat,waist-hip ratio,BMI,obesity degree,chest circumference,waist circumference and body fat mass (r =0.32,0.31,0.40,0.36,0.36,0.31,0.42,0.42 ; P ＜ 0.05).The triglyceride was negatively related to weight control and obesity control (r =-0.44,-0.41 ;P ＜ 0.01),and were positive related to percent body fat,waist-hip ratio,BMI,obesity degree,chest circumference,waist circumference and body fat mass(r =0.27,0.35,0.46,0.46,0.35,0.42,0.42 ;P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion The body fat and fat distribution are significantly different between diabetic and healthy subjects.There may be some relationship between central obesity and diabetes.

Objective To investigate the CT and MRI features of intraductal papillary neoplasm of the bile duct (IPNB).Methods Thirty eight patients with IPNB finally diagnosed by puncture biopsy or surgery were enrolled in this study.All the CT or MRI data were investigated retrospectively.Twenty one patients underwent CT examinations,17 patients underwent MRI examinations.The features of IPNB including the distribution features of the nodules or masses,CT and MRI features of cholangiectasis,mucus were analyzed.The accuracy differences of CT and MRI for the preoperatively diagnosing mucus and tumor growing along mucous were compared by nonparametric test.Results The lesions (including 5 patients with solitary lesions and 19 patients with multiple lesions) were located in intrahepatic bile duct in 24 patients,3 patients occurred simultaneously in intrahepatic and portal bile duct,2 lesions occurred in portal bile duct,8 lesions occurred in common bile duct,the lesions of 1 patient occurred simultaneously in common bile duct,cystic duct and gallbladder.Seventeen and 11 patients appeared nodules locating in dilated bile duct on CT and MRI,respectively.Four and 5 patients appeared cystic lesions with multiple nodules of the liver on CT and MRI,respectively.Higher contrast enhancement on CT and MRI in arterial phase than that in portal vein and equilibrium phase were observed in 18 and 12 patients,respectively.Excluding the patients undergoing puncture,CT was better than MRI in evaluating whether the mucus was present,with the accuracies of 30.0％ (6/20) and 6.3％ (1/16) for CT and M RI,respectively (Z =2.58,P ＜ 0.05).CT was worse than MRI in preoperatively evaluating the features of tumor growing along mucous,with the accuracies of 77.8％ (14/18) and 92.6％ (13/14) for CT and MRI,respectively (Z =4.23,P ＜ 0.01).Conclusion IPNB had the features of growing along mucous of the bile duct,nodule or mass in dilated bile duct and other features,CT and MRI are important in diagnosing the IPNB.

Objective To assess the application of MRI in diagnosis of oblique vaginal septum syndrome (OVSS).Methods Clinical and imaging data of 41 patients with OVSS confirmed by surgery from March 2011 to November 2016 were retrospectively analyzed.Results The average age of patients was 20.5 year (10-46 years).The primary clinical symptoms were menorrhalgia (16 cases) and menorrhagia (13 cases).There were 12 cases of type Ⅰ,23 cases of type Ⅱ,5 cases of type Ⅲ and 1 case of type Ⅳamong 41 cases of OVSS.The resections for OVSS were performed in 35 cases.Forty two cases were diagnosed as OVSS by MRI scan,and 41 were confirmed by surgery,the accuracy of MRI diagnosis was 97.6％ (41/42).MRI showed uterus didelphys,hydrocolpos or hematocolpos with varying degrees,and revealed ipsilateral renal agenesis in all 41 cases.Conclusion MRI scan can accurately diagnose oblique vaginal septum syndrome and provide comprehensive information for clinical treatment.

Objective: To discuss the way of early nutritional support in the patients after the liver transplantation. Methods: The nutritional support was used in 28 patients who had suffered the orthopetic liver transplantation (OLT).Parenteral nutrition was started as soon as possible after the operation. On the fourth day after the operation, enteral nutrition was also used. Results: 5 patients died from the postoperative complications. 23 patients survived and had been in better nutrition. Conclusion: The early nutrition support can play an important role in the patients recovery after OLT. EN should be administrated immediately when the gut functions.

Purpose To investigate the feasibility of 30 ml low-dose contrast medium in reducing the accumulation of contrast medium in venous system while maintaining enough artery enhancement in 256-slice CT angiography (CTA) of intracranial and cervical arteries.Materials and Methods Sixty patients with head and neck CTA were recruited prospectively,and they were randomly divided into group A and group B.The scan parameters of the two groups were identical,but the protocol of contrast medium injection was different.Group A was injected 60 ml contrast medium and 30 ml saline successively with the rate of 4.0 ml/s.Group B was injected 30 ml contrast medium and 50 ml saline successively with the rate of 5.0 ml/s.CT attenuation values of aortic arch,common carotid artery,subclavian artery,cerebral middle artery,superior vena cava,innominate vein,subclavian vein,internal jugular vein were measured,and the image quality was evaluated.Results The average CT values of superior vena cava,right innominate vein,right subclavian vein in two groups had significant differences (P＜0.05).The average CT values of left brachial vein,left subclavian vein,left and right internal jugular vein in two groups had no significant differences (P＞0.05).The average CT values of aortic arch,left and right common carotid artery,left and right subclavian artery,left and right cerebral middle artery in two groups had significant differences (P＜0.05).The scores of image quality in two groups also had significant difference (P＜0.05).Conclusion Head-and-neck CTA with 30 ml low-dose contrast medium is feasible and the images are satisfactory for diagnosis,which can reduce the dose of contrast medium and accumulation of contrast medium in venous system,while maintaining enough artery enhancement.