Increasing evidence has proved that phenotypic changes occured in residential renal cells during the process of renal diseases. The phenotypic change of mesangial cell plays a key role in the development of glomerular sclerosis, while the phenotypic changes of tubulo-interstitial cells have close relationship with the progress of interstitial fibrosis. Understandings of these phenotypic changes and their regulations may help us know better of the mechanism of renal diseases and find out ways to block the disease development.

The number of medical device adverse events reported to national monitoring center increased greatly year by year, but the reporting system still existed some deficiencies which resulting in confusion when filling the forms, especially those selections about relationship evaluation. This paper proposed amendments about event-evaluation process according to the characteristics of medical device adverse events reported in China, in order to perform timely and effectively regulation on different types of adverse events for different purposes.
China ; Consumer Product Safety ; Equipment and Supplies ; Safety Management

Objective To investigate the effect of olmesartan medoxomil on renal oxidative stress in mice with chronic heart failure. Methods C57 mice were divided into sham operation group(SHAM group),chronic heart failure group(CHF group)and olmesartan medoxomil treatment group(OLM group).Experimental CHF model was established by coronary artery ligation,in which OLM group fed with a daily dose of 10 mg/kg.The heart rate,blood pressure,cardiac function,Scr,BUN,and plasma and kidney angiotensin(Ang)Ⅱ were measured.Real-time PCR was used to examine renal gp91phox,p22phox and NOX4 expression.AZAN and DHE staining was used to detect renal pathological change after 12 weeks. Results Compared with SHAM group,left ventricular-end diastolic dimension (LVDd)and left ventricular end-systolic dimension(LVDs)were significantly increased(P<0.05),while fractional shortening(FS)and ejection fraction(EF)were significantly decreased in CHF and OLM groups (P<0.05).Compared with SHAM group,systolic blood pressure,Scr,BUN,and AZAN and DHE staining positive area were significantly increased in CHF group(P<0.05),while above indexes were significantly lower in OLM group as compared to CHF group(P<0.05).Compared with SHAM group,plasma and kidney Ang Ⅱ levels,gp91phox,p22phox and NOX4 expression were increased in CHF group(P<0.05),while above indexes were significantly lower in OLM group as compared to CHF group (P<0.05).Conclusions Chronic heart failure can activate intrarenal NADPH oxidase resulting in renal injury.Olmesartan medoxomil can protect kidney by inhibiting the effect of Ang Ⅱ-induced oxidative stress.

Objective To probe into the medical cost and economic losses of childhood asthma. Methods Total 200 of asthmatic children aged 2~16 yrs were diagnosed according to asthma OPD and enrolled in this study from the Affiliated Hospital of Medical College of Qingdao University during 2005—2006. All of them were taken the epidemiologic and economic survey. Results Among them, 184 were from kindergartens, primary or middle schools. There were totally 7 629 days for the asthmatic children absent from class per year because of illness. The overall direct economic loss was RMB 798 467.00 and indirect loss was RMB 210 997.80 yearly. Conclusion Asthma not only brings about great impact on children physical and mental health, but also exerts massive economic loss on the society and families. The whole society and medical workers should pay more attention to it and try to reduce its harm to a relatively low level.

By comparing the differences of " Decision of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress on the prohibition against narcotic drugs " and "Law of the People's Republic of China on Narcotics Control " and their implications for harm reduction,the article analyzed the ethical issues existing in applying harm reduction policy in HIV/AIDS prevention and control,and held that the new policy to promote the methadone use would play a major role for control of drug abuse and AIDS.

Objective To investigate the kindergarten weigh recipe nutrients allowance and chidren health status.Methods The dietary analysis was made in kindergartens by weighing and growth development was perfonmed in 17 947 chidren.Results The nutrients allowance was different in 15 observation projects,recipe nutrients allow-ance was sufficient for 80%,nutrients allowance was not enough for 20%.Middle serious malnutrition was 0.62%,slow gowth and development was 0.67%.simpie obesity was 5.80%.anemia was 1.40%.Conclusions The recipe nutrients allowance was difference in all kindergartens.Nutrients abundant and not enough was concurrent.Simple o-besity incidence rate was much higher than middle serious malnutrition.

Objective To evaluate the efficacy and safety of carvedilol treatment for resistant renal parenchymal hypertension.Methods In this multi-center,open label,self-controlled trial,the enrolled resistant renal parenchymal hypertension patients stopped the use of ?-blocker and ?-blocker and took carvedilol 12.5 mg/d as initial dose and tittered to maximal dose of 50mg/d for 8 weeks.Other treatment was unchanged during the period.Results Among 183 patients enrolled,176 patients were followed up for 8 weeks.The systolic/diastolic BP decreased from(164.0?20.8)/(98.7?12.5)mm Hg to(140.0?14.2)/(84.5?24.7)mm Hg(both P

Objective To study the effects of salt restriction on blood pressure in hypertensive patients with chronic kidney disease(CKD).Methods From July to December,2006,26 hypertensive CKD patients with 24 h urinary sodium excretion(UNa)over 100 mmol/d were enrolled and received dietary education and sodium spoon.Their BP level,blood/urine electrolytes,serum creatinine and amount of urinary protein were measured before-and after-8 weeks.Anti-hypertension therapy kept unchanged during the observation period and those with UNa decreased less than 10% at the end of observation were considered as salt restriction failure.Results Eighteen patients succeeded with a reduction of UNa from(243.8?71.2)mmol/d to(135.0?49.1)mmol/d(P

Objective To evaluate the clinical feature of the aldosterone-producing adenoma(APA) and idiopathic hyperaldosteronism(IHA)in primary hyperaldosteronism.Methods Retrospectively analyzed clinical feaures of 76 patients with APA and 17 patients with IHA.Results (1)Compared with the patients with IHA,the patients with APA had higher plasma and urinary aldosterone,lower serum potassium.(2)Furosemide provocation test(FPT)in 48 patients with APA and 14 patients with IHA were carried out.It was found that the plasma aldosterone after FPT was increased or no changed in 27 patients with adenoma,and increased in the others.It was increased in all IHA patients.(3)The diagnostic accuracy rate of CT was 84.2% in 88 patients with computed tomography imaging(CT).Conclusion The anomalies of laboratory in patients with APA are more evidence than those of IHA.The results of FPT are overlapped in a considerable amount of APA and IHA.Now those with elevation of serum aldosterone after the FPT can not exclude the adenoma.The diagnostic accuracy rate can be improved according to FPT and CT.

Objective To study cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) expression levels in cervical, endometrial and ovarian cancers as well as their originated normal tissues. Methods Semiquantitative immunofluorescent assay (IFA) was used to detect COX-2 expression levels in cervical squamous cell carcinoma (n=12),endometrial adenocarcinoma (n=13),and ovarian serous adenocarcinoma (n=9). COX-2 expression levels in normal cervical (n=14),endometrial (n=15),and ovarian (n=13) tissues were simultaneously detected as control. Results Normal cervical tissues expressed COX-2 more frequently than cervical cancers (50% vs 23%), but the difference was not signicant (P=0.247). The positive rate of COX-2 expression was significantly higher in endometrial adenocarcinomas (69%) than that in normal endometrium (7%) (P