Objective To observe the effect of intravenous small dose of ketamine combined with continuous infusion of propofol and sufentanyl in painless gastroscopy.Methods 62 patients undergoing painless gastroscopy under intravenous anesthesia were randomly divided into the control group and ketamine group with 31 cases in each group. The cases of the control group were treated with continuous infusion of propofol (target controlled infusion rate: 3.0 μg/ml) and sufentanyl (loading dose: 0.15 μg/kg, basal rate 0.15 μg/kg/h); those of the ketamine group were treated with intravenous small dose of ketamine 0.5 mg/kg combined with continuous infusion of propofol (target controlled infusion rate: 3.0 μg/ml) and sufentanyl (loading dose: 0.1 μg/kg, basal rate 0.1 μg/kg/h). The procedure of gastroscopy was started when patients were in unconsciousness and their vital signs were stable, and the infusion of medicine was stopped when the gastroscopy was finished. The systolic blood pressure (SBP) and heart rate (HR) at the time of before anesthesia, 1 minute after anesthesia, inserting the gastroscope, 10 minutes after inserting the gastroscope, and recovering from the anesthesia were recorded. The cases needing special respiratory management (SRM), displaying body movement (BM) in gastroscopy and post-operative nausea and vomiting (PONV) were recorded. The recovery time (RT) after gastroscopy was also recorded.Results No significant difference was found in SBP, HR, BM, PONV and RT between two groups ( P>0.05). Eight cases in the control group and one case in the ketamine group needed SRM before inserting the gastroscope due to transient respiratory depression ( P<0.01).Conclusion The application of intravenous small dose of ketamine combined with continuous infusion of propofol and sufentanyl in painless gastroscopy is effective and safe.

Leptin,a polypeptide hormone coded by Ob-gene,has the functions of depressing appetite,reducing caloric intake and enhancing caloric consumption,etc.Leptin has a close relationship with kidney,for it is metabolized and eliminated via kidney.Meanwhile,leptin can also directly affect kidney functions,influencing the process of chronic renal failure.Furthermore,hyper-leptinemia is associated with anorexia,malnutrition and cardiovascular diseases.Different dialysis patterns may also play different roles in cleaning leptin.For example,common dialysis could not clear leptin,but other dialysis modes such as high permeability dialysis,hemodiafiltration,and mastic absorption hemoperfusion can alleviate hyper-leptinemia through cleaning leptin partly.For kidney transplantation patients,hyper-leptinemia may affect the immune balance which has been maintained for a long time.

Objective To understand the effect of shenmai in treatment female patients with coronany heart disease.Methods 53 female patients with coronany heart disease were randomly divided into 2 groups(group A with normal treatment and shenmai,group B with normal treatment and water-soluble vitamins.Clinical effect was observed after 2 weeks.Results There are 13 cases effective in group A and 9 cases effective in group B,and the difference between the two groups is statistically significant (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion It's better for female patients to uss shenmai.

Objective To study the effect of morphine used in epidural anesthesia on puerpera after cesarean section and the safety of morphine to neonate. Method One hundred puerpera undergone cesarean section were randomly divided into test group and control group with continuous 2% lidocaine epidural anesthesia, as soon as the operation were finished, 2 mg morphine was injected into vacum epidurale for test group, nothing for control group. Colostrum and plasma, urine samples of puerpera and neonate were collected, morphine and metabolite level were tested by GC-MS and FPIA. Result Morphine concentrations ranged from 0.05). Conclusion As the epidural analgesia medicine after cesarean section, morphine has no side-effect to neonate and is safe to neonate.

ObjectiveTo investigate the changes and functions of T lymphocyte subsets,immune globulin and complement in children with mycoplasma pneumoniae pneumonia(MPP) on different disease stages.MethodsThe levels of T Iymphocyte subsets of CD3,CD4,CD8 and immunoglobulin ( IgG,IgA IgM),and complement ( C3,C4 ) in the peripheral blood were detected on acute and recovery stages in 28 children with MPP by flow cytometry and immune nephelometry.Twenty-five healthy children were recruited as control group.ResultsAmong these subjects of MPP children on acute stage,the levels of CD3,CD4,CD8,and CD4/CD8 in the peripheral blood were (58.71 ± 11.63)％,(32.36 ± 8.06)％,(28.19±6.23 ) ％ and 1.15 ± 0.41 respectively,and on recovery stage,the levels of CD3,CD4,CD8,and CD4/CD8 were (61.29 ±10.17)％,(34.14 ±7.22)％,(26.47 ±6.01)％,and 1.29 ±0.37 respectively.Both on acute stage and on recovery stage of MPP children,the levels of CD4,CD4/CD8 were significantly lower than those in control group [ (39.53 ± 6.16 ) ％,1.83 ± 0.49 ],and CD8 was significantly higher compared to thecontrol group( 1.83 ± 0.49 ),P＜0.01.CD3 were lower than that in control group [ (63.03 ± 12.32) ％ ] on acute stage (P＜0.01 ),and no significant difference on recovery stage (P＞0.05).During the acute stage of MPP,IgG [ ( 14.50 ±3.86) g/L] and IgM [ ( 1.67 ±0.56) g/L] were obviously higher than those in control group [ (7.92 ± 2.62 ) g/L,( 1.06 ± 0.32 ) g/L,P＜0.01 ],and C3 [ ( 0.83 ± 0.42 ) g/L ] were obviously lower compared to the control group [ ( 1.37 ± 0.33 ) g/L,P＜0.05].There were no significant differences of IgA and C4 between MPP and control groups ( P＞0.05 ).ConclusionChildren with MPP had celhilar immune and humoral immune disorders.Through the detection of T lymphocyte subsets,immunoglobulin and complement,it will be helpful to judge the effectiveness of clinical treatment,which provides a theoretical basis for the clinical application of immune regulators.

Objective:To investigate the effects of exogenous hydrogen peroxide(H_2O_2)on mitochondrial superoxide production and mitochondrial membrane potential changes(△ψ)in fisher rat thyroid cell line(FRTL).Methods:Following 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 exposure in FRTL cells for 10 min,30 min and 24 h,mitochondrial superoxide production was measured by living cell imaging and flow cytometry using MitoSOX.The mitochondrial membrane potential was assayed by spectrofluorimeter and fluorescent microscopy using rhodamine 123(rh123).The cell viability was detected by MTT colorimetric method.Morphological changes were observed by invert microscope.Apoptosis assay was performed by acridine orange staining.Results:Quantitative measurements of the mean intensities of MitoSOX demonstrated significant increase with 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 following 10 min,30 min and 24 h treatment in FRTL cells compared with that of control.Fluorescence intensity of rh123 and optical density of MTr were significantly decreased in FRTL ceils with 1 mmol/L H_2O_2 following 30 min and 24 h treatment(P ＜ 0.01).Under light microscope and fluorescence microscope the characteristic morphological features of programmed cell death,pickuosis,karyorrhexis,and cell shrinkage were observed after acridine orange staining.Conclusion:Acute and chronic exogenous H_2O_2 exposure cause oxide stress in FRTL cells,which result in the increase of mitochondrial superoxide production,△ψdecline,cell necrosis and apoptosis.

Aim To observe the effect and primary mechanism of arctigenin ( ARG) in C6 rat glioma. At the same time, to investigate the effect of ARG com-bined with temozolomide. Methods C6 glioma rat model was established, and 90 rats were divided into six groups, which were subcutaneously administered with model, low and high ARG (0. 05 and 0. 1 mg· kg-1 , sc) , temozolomide (20 mg·kg-1 , p. o. ) , low ARG combined with temozolomide(TMZ / ARG 0. 05) and high ARG combined with temozolomide ( TMZ /ARG 0. 1 ) . The tumor specimens of brain were col-lected after tumor graft. Proliferating cell nuclear anti-gen ( PCNA ) , glial fibrillary acidic protein ( GFAP ) and CD40 in tumor specimens were determined by im-munohistochemistry. Results ① Compared with the model group, the tumor sizes of rats in the arctigenin treatment groups were decreased ( P<0. 05 ) . ②ARG
significantly decreased PCNA and CD40 expression ( P<0. 05 ) and increased GFAP expression ( P<0. 05 ) .③ Compared with model group, arctigenin combined with temozolomide decreased the tumor sizes ( P <0. 01 ) , and the tumor inhibition rate was higher than that of the arctigenin and temozolomide. At the same time, arctigenin combined with temozolomide de-creased PCNA and CD40 expression ( P <0. 01 ) and increased GFAP expression ( P <0. 05 ) , which was better than arctigenin and temozolomide. Conclusion Arctigenin inhibits rat glioma growth, and synergizes with temozolomide, which may be associated with in-hibiting PCNA and CD40 expression and strengthening GFAP expression.

Objective To investigate the effects of iodine excess on spleen cell viability,lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) leakage,mitochondrial superoxide production and peroxiredoxin (Prx)3 expression in methallothionein Ⅰ / Ⅱ knockout (MT-Ⅰ / Ⅱ KO)mice.Methods Spleen cell suspensions were prepared from six to eight-week old and healthy male MT-Ⅰ / Ⅱ KO mice and wild type (WT) mice; the cell number was adjusted to 5 × 107/L and the cells were plated in 96-well plates (100 μl each well); the cells were exposed to various concentrations of KI (0,10-4,10-3,10-2 mol/L) and 10-3 mol/L H2O2,respectively,for two hours,and control group did not give KI nor H2O2.Cell viability was assayed by methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium (MTT) colorimetric method.Cell damage was detected by chemical colorimetric method.Mitochondrial superoxide production in the spleen cells was measured by flow cytometry.Western blotting technology was used to investigate the expression of Prx3.Results In both MT-Ⅰ/Ⅱ KO and WT mice,the differences of cell viability,LDH leakage,mitochondrial superoxideproduction and the expression of Prx3 of spleen cells among the treatment groups were statistically significant (F =357.92,71.03,130.36,10.36,179.58,26.92,187.43,and 7.16,all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the control group [(100.00 ± 2.00)％,(100.00 ± 1.63)％,(3 202.22 ± 85.63),(3 161.51 ± 144.49)U/L,43.82 ± 1.56,38.60 ± 2.81,0.61 ± 0.09,0.50 ± 0.08],cell viability of 10-4,10-3,10-2 mol/L KI treatment and 10-3 mol/L H2O2 groups [(80.77 ± 1.86)％,(89.89 ± 2.90)％,(76.08 ± 1.92)％,(87.66 ± 1.74),(73.26 ± 1.86)％,(84.30 ± 2.23)％,(66.22 ± 1.71)％,(70.80 ± 1.49)％] was decreased (all P ＜ 0.05); LDH leakage [(3 880.00 ± 190.62),(3 431.17 ± 170.45),(4 178.33 ± 170.43),(3 598.63 ± 189.09),(4 388.61 ± 123.79),(3 863.72 ± 195.64),(4 615.28 ± 196.17),(4 148.12 ± 195.81)U/L] was increased significantly (all P＜ 0.05); and mitochondrial superoxide production in the spleen cells (53.83 ± 3.22,47.03 ± 1.60,58.92 ± 4.00,50.48 ± 2.59,72.72 ± 2.14,68.53 ± 2.97,80.76 ± 4.11,75.26 ± 3.41) was increased significantly (all P ＜ 0.05); Prx3 expressions in 10-3、10-2 mol/LKI and 10-3 mol/L H2O2 treatment groups (0.82 ± 0.12,0.65 ± 0.12,0.96 ± 0.15,0.73 ± 0.16,1.04 ± 0.13,0.85 ± 0.16) significantly increased (all P ＜ 0.05),the differences of Prx3 expressions between 104 mol/L KI groups (0.73 ± 0.15,0.55 ± 0.09),and control groups were not statistically significant (all P ＞ 0.05).In 104,10-3,10-2 mol/L KI and 10-3 mol/L H2O2 treatment groups,cell viability of MT-Ⅰ/Ⅱ KO mice spleen was lower than that of WT mice (t =6.47,10.93,9.30 and 4.96,all P ＜ 0.05); LDH leakage was higher than that of WT mice (t =4.30,5.58,5.56 and 4.13,all P ＜ 0.05); mitochondria superoxide production was higher than that of WT mice (t =4.64,4.33,2.80 and 2.52,all P ＜ 0.05); Prx3 expression was higher than that of WT mice (t =2.54,2.37,2.59 and 2.27,all P ＜ 0.05).Conclusions KI may decline the cell viability,increase the leakage of LDH and increase the production of mitochondrial superoxide production and Prx 3 expression,which are much more significant in MT-Ⅰ /Ⅱ KO mice,suggesting that MT Ⅰ /Ⅱ has some antioxidative effect in high concentration of iodide induced oxidative stress in the spleen.

Objective p38 Mitogen-activated protein kinase (MAPK) is a crossing center of various pathways. In this study, protein transduction system based on human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-1 transactivator of transcription (TAT), which is an efficient delivery peptide of the foreign proteins into cells, was employed to study p38 MAPK functions in eukaryotic cells. Methods p38 And its dominant negative form, p38AF, were constructed into pET-His-TAT vector correctly to verify that the recombinant plasmids were well-founded through restriction enzyme digestion and DNA sequencing. The two proteins, His-TAT-p38 and His-TAT-p38AF, were expressed and purified in Escherichia coli by SDS-PAGE. Then they were incubated with ECV304 cells respectively and readily transduced into cells in a time-dependent and dose-dependent manner. The cells were stimulated by sorbitol. Activating transcription factor (ATF) 2 phosphorylation level was checked using Western blot to assess the activity of endogenous p38. Results Compared with controls, it was found that His-TAT-p38 increased the level ofATF2 phosphorylation in sorbitol-stimulated ECV304 cells, while His-TAT-p38AF inhibited it, indicating p38 MAPK protein delivery system based on TAT was constructed successfully. TAT-p38 and its dominant negative form possessed high biological activity after transduction into ECV304 cells by TAT protein delivery system. The results showed that p38AF fused with TAT could inhibit the transduction of endogenous p38 signal pathway in part, and other pathway might regulate p38 phosphorylation. Conclusions Our study provides a novel pathway to inhibit p38 signal pathway and establish a new method to study p38 function.

Objective To investigate the effects of high concentrations of iodide exposure on mitochondrial superoxide production,cell viability and cell damage in the thyroid of metallothionein Ⅰ/Ⅱ knockout (MT-Ⅰ/Ⅱ KO) mice and corresponding wild type (WT) mice.Methods Thyroid cell suspension of six to eight weeks old healthy male MT-Ⅰ/Ⅱ KO mice and WT mice were prepared.The thyroid cells were treated with high concentrations (10-4,10-3,10-2 mol/L) of potassium iodide(KI),or 10-3 mol/L hydrogen peroxide(H2O2) for 2 hours,respectively.Cell viability was evaluated with methyl thiazolyl tetrazolium(MTT) assay.Lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) level in cell culture medium was detected by enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA).Mitochondrial superoxide production in the thyroid cells was measured by flow cytometry using a fluorescent probe,mitochondrial superoxide(MitoSOX).Results Compared to the control group[(100.00 ± 0.00)％,(100.00 ± 0.00)％],the cell viability of 10-4,10-3,10-2 mol/L KI and 10-3 mol/L H2O2 exposure groups were significantly decreased in the thyroid cells of both WT [(73.63 ± 2.05)％,(72.41 ± 2.26)％,(69.63 ± 2.29)％,(44.90 ± 2.93)％] and MT-Ⅰ/Ⅱ KO mice[(65.40 ± 2.39)％,(64.51 ± 2.27)％,(61.48 ± 2.33)％,(40.80 ± 2.76)％,all P＜ 0.05].Compared to the control group [(1 995.28 ± 30.52),(2 004.96 ± 19.71)U/L],significantly increased LDH activities were detected in the thyroid cells of WT [(2 809.22 ± 156.53),(2 850.80 ± 137.83),(2 920.45 ± 152.92),(4 487.49 ± 130.67)U/L] and MT-Ⅰ / Ⅱ KO mice [(3 261.06 ± 120.44),(3 474.19 ± 142.15),(3 597.08 ± 150.86),(4 706.64 ± 148.57)U/L,all P ＜ 0.05].Compared to the control group (26.49 ± 7.66,37.11 ± 8.48),the MitoSOX red fluorescence intensities of 10-2 mol/L KI and 10-3 mol/L H2O2 groups were significantly increased in WT mice(58.96 ± 5.11,87.95 ± 4.25) and MT-Ⅰ/ⅡKO mice(71.21 ± 5.55,99.76 ± 4.42) by flow cytometry (all P ＜ 0.05).Compared to the thyroid cells in WT mice,significantly decreased cell viability (all P ＜ 0.05),significantly increased LDH activity(all P ＜ 0.05) and significantly increased MitoSOX red fluorescence intensity by flow cytometry (all P ＜ 0.05) were detected in the thyroid cells of MT-Ⅰ/Ⅱ KO mice following treatment with KI or H2O2.Conclusions High concentrations of iodide (10-2 mol/L) and 10-3 mol/L H2O2 may lead to significant increase of mitochondrial superoxide production and LDH activity,decrease of cell viability in both WT and MT-Ⅰ / Ⅱ KO mice.More significant increase of superoxide production is detected in MT-Ⅰ / Ⅱ KO mice,indicating the potential protective role of metallothionein in the thyroid cells of WT mice.