With a high success and low recurrence,catheter ablation has become the standard of cure in children with tachycardia.With the innovation of mapping ablation techniques,catheter ablation for children with tachycardia has been developed.In this review, green cardiac electrophysiology,complex arrhythmias ablation with electroanatomic mapping systems and cryoablation in children will be discussed.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the hemostasis effect of combination of repilase and nitroglycerine against Emptysis.METHODS:90patients with Emptysis were randomly divided into treatment group and control group.The treatment group were treated with Reptilase together with nitroglycerine while the control group were treated with conventional hypophysin therapy.RESULTS:The total effective rate of hemostasis against hemoptysis was95.6%in the treatment group,which ex-celled the control group which has a total effective rate of66.7%.No significant adverse effect was found in the treatment group,which had a significant difference(P

Objective To discuss the application effects of fast track surgery treatment in hysterectomy. Methods 120 patients underwent hysterectomy. They were randomly assigned to two groups,namely,fast track sur-gery group(60 cases) and control group(60 cases ). two groups underwent separately fast track surgery mode and tradi-tional mode therapy. To observe the duration of passing flatus, the hospital stay, the aching time, the complication rate after operation between two groups. Results All patients got recovery. The duration of passing flatus(29.2±7.9) h,the aching time 96.7% (58/60)、the hospital stay( 3.9±2.5 )d of fast track surgery group were significantly shorter than the duration of passing flatus (50.3±15.8 ) h 、the aching time 8.3% (5/60)、the hospital stay (6.7±2.8 ) d of control group( allP<0.01 ). there was no severe complication in two groups. Conclusion Fast track surgery treat-ment mode could accelerate postoperative rehabilitation of hysterectomy patients. It shoud be popularized.

Persister cells are dormant or slowly grown variations in microbial populations .They are highly tolerant to antibiot-ics but the tolerance are not inherited as the genetic resistance , when persisters are inoculated to fresh medium , most bacteria are still susceptive to antibiotic , while only a small fractiont become persisters again .Persisters are believed to be closely related to clinic bio-film forming and the recurrence and recalcitrance of chronic infections .Different persisters have been found in Escherichia coli , Pseud-omonas aeruginosa , Staphyococcus aureus , Mycobacterium tuberculosis , Candida albicans and so on , and a few mechanisms about per-sisters formation have been studied .This article reviews the current progresses of research methods and achievements on persisters from different levels .

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis is divided into chronic progression stage and acute exacerbation stage according to progression of disease;early,middle and late stage according to onset time and clinic symptoms.It is considered that the etiological factors of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis are repeated suffering of exogenous pathogen,environmental pathogen, deficiency of lung and kidney.The basic pathological products are blood stasis and phlegm turbid,the key point of pathopoiesis is that phlegm and stasis hides deeply and stagnated,the pulmonary collaterals are blocked.In addition,the evolutions of pathogenesis during its different stage are discussed.

OBJECTIVEEctopic atrial tachycardia (EAT) is a common type of supraventricular tachycardia in pediatric population, and it can be resistant to antiarrhythmic drugs and lead to tachycardia induced cardiomyopathy (TIC) if not properly managed. This study assessed the clinical course and response to treatment of EAT in children.

METHODA retrospective review included 144 children at the First Hospital of Tsinghua University diagnosed with EAT from January 2009 to April 2014. The clinical detailed history, 12 lead ECG, 24-h Holter recording, echocardiography, response to therapy and follow-up were analyzed.

RESULTThe onset of EAT occurred at any age with a distribution with positive skewness, 57 children ≤1 years, 22 children > 1 - 3 years, 25 children > 3 - 6 years and 40 children ≥ 6 years of age. The percentages of the three tachycardia types were 36. 1% (n = 52) for incessant EAT, 52. 8% (n = 76) for paroxysmal EAT and 11. 1% (n = 16) for sporadic EAT, respectively. There were 115 patients received drug therapy in our hospital and in 72 cases the EAT was completely controlled. Antiarrhythmic therapy had been discontinued in 35 children with complete control. Normal sinus rhythm was observed by telemetry or Holter within 4 to 90 days and the mean duration of medical therapy was 310 days (range 15 to 608 days) in these children. The combination of sotalol and propafenone showed better effectiveness for control of children with EAT (54%, 41/76), compared with single sotalol (36%, 24/66) and the combination of amiodarone and metoprolol (30%, 7/23) (χ2 = 6. 296, P = 0. 043). Tachycardia type was able to predict the response to antiarrhythmic drugs for children with EAT, sporadic tachycardia had best control rate on pharmacological therapy compared with paroxysmal tachycardia and incessant tachycardia (94% (15/16) vs. 67% (42/63) vs. 42% (15/36), χ2 = 17. 925, P = 0. 000) . Acute success of radiofrequency ablation (RFA) in children who showed poor response to antiarrhythmic drugs was achieved in 45 of 49 (92%), ultimate success was achieved in 33 of 49 (67%). The incidence of TIC secondary to EAT was 18. 1% (n =26), and left ventricular ejection-fraction (LVEF) returned to normal in 23 children after successful control of EAT ((61 ± 4) % vs. (43 ± 5) %, t = - 10. 036, P = 0. 000). Side effects including abnormal thyroid function (in 3) and abnormal liver function (in 1) occurred in 4 (17%) of 23 children who received amiodarone and disappeared when amiodarone was discontinued.

CONCLUSIONEAT in children predominantly occurred in young infants and children. Incessant EAT comprised a great percentage. The combination of sotalol and propafenone provided the best results for control of children with EAT. RFA should be considered as a preferred treatment for older children who displayed poor response to medical therapy.

Amiodarone ; Anti-Arrhythmia Agents ; Cardiomyopathies ; Catheter Ablation ; Child ; Child, Preschool ; Echocardiography ; Electrocardiography ; Humans ; Infant ; Retrospective Studies ; Sotalol ; Tachycardia, Ectopic Atrial ; drug therapy ; physiopathology ; Tachycardia, Supraventricular ; drug therapy ; Ventricular Function, Left

Objective To screen and identify International Classification of Functioning,Disability and Health (ICF) core sets for spasticity and make a dedicated and comprehensive assessment tool for spasticity after stroke.MethodsFifty patients with spasticity after stroke were involved in this study.Information about them was collected by clinical investigation and self-completed questionnaires.The ICF scale was used to assess the severity of each item.Each item's frequency was calculated and those items with frequencies ≥ 30％ were selected as the first ICF core set for spasticity.The ICF check list was designed as a questionnaire and 8 doctors and 5 therapists were consulted.Items with frequency ≥50％ were chosen as the second level ICF core set for spasticity.The two results (termed ICF core sets Ⅰ and Ⅱ) were integrated with the initial ICF core sets for spasticity and sent to 42 experts in the area of neurological rehabilitation.Items with a frequency ≥80％ were chosen as the final ICF core set for spasticity.ResultsA total of 32 ICF items were included in the ICF core set for spasticity after stroke.There were 10body function items,4 body structure items,13 activity and participation items and 5 environmental items involved.ConclusionThe ICF core set for spasticity was identified in this study.The selected items covered content broader than other common spasm assessment scales.The result is a comprehensive description of spasticity.

OBJECTIVE: To study the approach for developing a rat model of pulmonary fibrosis induced by bleomycin (BLM). METHOD: Different doses (7, 6, 5, 3.4, 2, 1 mg/kg) of bleomycin A5-saline were infused into the rats' lung in bleomycin-treated group through tracheal intubation, and rats in sham-operated group were infused with same volume of saline. The living state and lung pathology of the rats were observed. The author deeply studied the condition of the rats in 1 mg/kg bleomycin-treated group, and the changes of body weight and lung pathology were observed. Lung quotient, the content of transforming growth factor beta1(TGF-beta1) and platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) in serum were measured on the 14th, 28th and 45th day of the experiment. RESULTS: The study demonstrated that infusing large doses of bleomycin A5 quickly through tracheal intubation had a high mortality, and infusing 1 mg/kg quickly could successfully develop an animal model of pulmonary fibrosis. Compared with the sham-operated group, fibrosis was appeared obviously in the rats' lung in 1 mg/kg bleomycin A5-treated group after 14 days of experiment, diffuse fibrosis was appeared after 28 days of experiment, and the fibrosis became more severe after 45 days of experiment. The body weight of the rats in bleomycin-treated group was declined after 3, 7 and 14 days of experiment as compared with the sham-operated group (P<0.01). Twenty-one days after the experiment, the body weight was declined too, but there was no significant difference between the bleomycin-treated group and the sham-operated group (P>0.05). Lung quotient was increased 14, 28 and 45 days after the experiment (P<0.01), the level of serum TGF-beta1 began to increase since 28 days after the experiment (P<0.05, P<0.01), and the level of serum PDGF also increased gradually 45 days after the experiment (P<0.05). And the mortality rate of 1 mg/kg bleomycin A5-treated group was lower than those of the other doses of bleomycin A5-treated groups. CONCLUSION: A rat model of pulmonary fibrosis can be duplicated successfully by infusing 1 mg/kg bleomycin A5 quickly through tracheal intubation.

Objective To investigate the change of plasma marinobufagenin (MBG) level and the expression of its receptor Na+-K+-ATPase (NKA) in renal biopsy specimens of chronic glomerulonephritis (CGN) patients. Methods Twenty-eight CGN patients and 14 healthy people were enrolled in the study. The plasma MBG concentration was measured by competitive inhibition ELISA system. Immunofluorescence and immunohistochemistry staining were applied to detect the expression of NKA in renal biopsy specimens of 28 CGN patients and analyzed by semi quantitively. Results Compared with healthy controls, CGN patients had significant lower plasma MBG concentration [(0.579±0.214) nmol/L vs (0.715±0.154) nmol/L, P＜0.05], without further significant difference between CGN patients with hypertension and with normal blood pressure [(0.595±0.231) nmol/L vs (0.557±0.197) nmol/L, P＞0.05]. Meanwhile, proximal tubular staining of NKA was decreased compared with normal controls. The NKA positive staining area of the CGN group was lower than that of normal controls [2.1% (0.5%-6.2%) vs 5.6% (3.5%-10.8%), P＜0.01] and correlated with 24-hour urinary sodium excretion (r=0.551, P＜0.01).Conclusion Decreased plasma MBG level and its receptor expression on proximal tubules may play a role in the regulation of sodium in CGN.

Objective To investigate the status quo of social support and effective disorder nurses perceived in the operating room and analyze the correlation between them. Methods A total of 200 nurses in the operating room of four general hospitals in Guangxi Zhuang Autonomous Region were enrolled to investigate the social support and the effective disorders using the perceived social support scale (PSSS) and Toronto Alexithymia Scale (TAS). Results The total scores by PSSS and TAS were (66.08 ± 10.64) and ( 53 . 85 ± 8 . 89 ) , respectively . The scores by PSSS and its dimensions were all negatively correlated with the score by TAS ( r=-0 . 492 , P < 0 . 05 ) . Conclusions The nurse-perceived social support is generally at the medium or above level and their affective disorder at a lower level. The nursing managers should pay attention to the nurses in the operating room, taking corresponding measures to improve their affective disorder and improve the quality of nursing.