Embodied as an abstract concept as well as concrete regulations and material environment on the campus,the campus culture is the organizational culture among universities,which plays a significant role in enhancing students' quality of career starting.Similar to its social culture,the American campus culture is characterized by a strong personal heroism thus is known as a "cowboy culture".As the so-called "dragon culture",the Chinese culture is a more conservative one and thus lack of innovation-oriented career starting concepts among Chinese university students.Therefore,in order to effectively carry out entrepreneurship education in colleges and universities,the innovation-oriented campus culture should be constructed,students' entrepreneurship conception strengthened,thus students' sense of career starting and mental status be enhanced.

With the rapid development of internet and multimedia technology,the training of visual literacy has gained much more attention.In the teaching of Biochemistry,when confronting numerous visual tools in various ways for biological molecules research and rapid development of subject,teachers and students are required to have higher level of visual literacy.However,it is slighting and retarded to develop visual literacy education in China.Therefore,it is very important to emphasize the improvement of visual literacy in the teaching of Biochemistry,which can improve the ability in teaching design and learning method in this era of graphical interpretation.

Objective To make sure the proper time when using self-designed hemostatic belt to press vein after mainline. Methods Divide the subjects into 8 groups, using different pressing time to different group, and then observe the condition of petechia. Results There are significant differences in the different groups about the condition of petechia, P

Objective To study the correlation between blood lactic acid level and PCIS scroing system.To study the relationship between dynamic lactic acid monitoring indexes and prognosis of critical patients.Methods Differences of mortality,incidence of MODS and shock,PCIS score between two groups were compared.The patients were divided into 3 groups by PCIS score to compare pathogenetic conditions prognosis, then to study the were divided into death group and survival group by the hospital prognosis. Differences of their lactic indexes and other clinical indicators which reflected organ/system status were compared, prognostic-significant lactic indexes were selected by mu fti-variable logistic analysis. Results Patients with elevated lactic acid level had more incidence of shock and MODS, higher PCIS scores and higher mortality, the differences had statistical significance compared with the normal lactic acid group. There were significant linear correlation between ICU lactic acid level, peak lactic acid level and PCIS scores respectively. For the patients with elevated lactic acid level, peak lactic acid level, 12h lactic clearance had significant correlation with prognosis. Conclusion PCIS scoring system had a significant linear correlation with lactic acid level. For the patients with elevated lactic acid level,peak lactic acid level,12h lactic clearance were good indicators to evaluate patients' prognosis.

Objective We make a retrospective analysis , to compare to COPD group and discuss the risk factors and the clinical features in acute exacerbation in patients with ACOS to follow-up the exacerbating frequency after regular treatment in both two groups in one year. Methods There were 56 patients with ACOS and 80 patients with COPD from 2013 to 2015 in our hospital in 30%≤FEV1<80% in the stable phase. The common data of the enrolled patients included the age,sex,smoking, and allergic rhinitis or other allergic diseases in family. We analyzed laboratory index including PaO2,PaCO2,CRP,white blood cells,IgE of serums and compared the proportion of antibiotics,system used of glucocorticoid and noninvasive ventilation in hospitalization of acute exacerbation and followed up exacerbating frequency after using ICS united LABA/LAMA. Results The age and smoking index in the ACOS group were lower than the COPD group (P < 0.05). The allergic rhinitis or other familial allergic diseases,lower age of 60,the high IgE in serum were risk factor, in ACOS. In acute exacerbation, the PaCO2,IgE and WBC in serum were higher than that of the COPD group(P <0.05). The midian length of stay in hosipital was 12 days in the ACOS group and 8 days in the COPD group. The proportion of antibiotics,systemic administration of glucocorticoid and noninvasive ventilation in hospitalization of acute exacerbation in the ACOS group were higher than that of the COPD group (P < 0.05). The exacerbating frequency was decreased after using ICS united LABA/LAMA(1.2±0.6 vs 3.8±1.3,P < 0.05)in both ACOS and COPD groups. Conclusions The allergic diseases may participate in ACOS, in which it has familial tendency. In acute exacerbation, ACOS patients had even more inflammation and faster course than COPD patients. Using ICS united LABA/LAMA can reduce exacerbating frequency in ACOS.

Objective To clone and to express the full-length Pseudomonas aeruginosa exotoxin A gene and to purify the expressed protein using affinity chromatography. Methods Exotoxin A gene was amplified from the recombinant plasmid pSK/PEA-T vector and subcloned into the pMAL-P2X vector. Then the recombinant plasmid pMAL- PEA was transformed to E.coli BL21. After induction with IPTG, the expressed protein was analyzed by SDS-PAGE and purified with affinity chromatography. Results The recombinants expressed the fusion protein at a level of about 20% of total cell proteins, and 80% of the fusion protein was secreted into the supernatant. Conclusion Successful expression and purification of PEA are of significance for in-depth study of the pathogenic mechanism of Pseudomonas aeruginosa and preparing immunotoxin.

Objective To investigate the inhibitory effect and associated mechanism of rapamycin on proliferation and extracellular matrix (ECM) secretion in myofibroblasts stimulated by connective tissue growth factor (CTGF). Methods Primary cultivated myofibroblasts were divided into 6 groups: control, CTGF (100 μg/L), rapamycin 20 μg/L+CTGF 100 μg/L, rapamycin 40 μg/L +CTGF 100 μg/L, rapamycin 20 μg/L, and rapamycin 40 μg/L alone. 5'-bromodeoxyuridine (BrdU) incorporation assay was used to detect the myofibroblast proliferation.Western blot was used to analysis the secretory FN protein in the supernatant medium of cultured myofibroblasts and the ERK1/2 phosphorylation in myofibroblasts. Results CTGF (100 μg/L)incubation significantly increased the number of Brdu positive myofibroblasts(P<0.01) and the level of FN protein secretory (P<0.05) in cell supernatant medium compared with control group,respectively. The number of Brdu positive myofibroblasts markedly decreased by 62% and 70% (P <0.05) in rapamycin 20 μg/L+CTGF 100 μg/L and rapamycin 40 μg/L+CTGF 100 μg/L groups, respectively. The FN protein levels in supernatant were decreased by 15% and 44% compared with CTGF 100 μg/L group, respectively; but the difference of FN protein levels was significant only in rapamycin 40 μg/L group (P<0.05). CTGF could activate ERK1/2 at 10 minutes; but as myofibroblasts were pretreated with rapamycin 40 μg/L for 30 min, it abolished CTGF-induced ERK1/2 phosphoralation. PD98059, the specific inhibitor of ERK1/2, could block the effect of CTGF-induced proliferation (7%±5% vs 85%±7%, P<0.01) and FN secretion (1.0±0.1 vs 1.6±0.3, P<0.05). Conclusions Rapamycin partially suppresses the proliferation and ECM secretion of myofibroblasts induced by CTGF. Its effect may be through inhibiting CTGF-induced activation of ERKI/2 signaling pathway.

Objective To investigate the relationship between metabolic syndrome(MS)and nonalcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD)in non-obese and non-diabetic hypertensive patients.Method 84 non-obese and non-diabetic hyperlensive patients were divided into 42 hypertensive patients with NAFLD and 42 hypertensive patients without NAFLD by abdominal ultrasonography examination.Body mass index(BMI),blood pressure,fast and OGGT 2 hour plasma glucose,fast and OGGT 2 hour plasma insulin,plasma lipids and aminotransferase were measured in the two groups.Multivariate logistic regression analysis was used to identify the variables independently associated with MS.Result BMI,triglycerides,fast insulin,2 hour insulin,aminotransferase,HOMA-IB and MS prevalence rate in the group with NAFLD were significantly higher than these in the group without NAFLD.Multivariate logistic regression analysis(forward LR)showed NAFLD:were independently associated with MS.Conclusion MS play a role not only in occurrence of NAFLD but also in liver injury.

Objective To investigate the role of sitting-up-straight position in correction of peripherally inserted central catheter(PICC)heterotopia.Method Eighteen cases with PICC heterotopia were instructed to take the position of sitting up straight. Result All of the patients had the PICC heterotopia corrected.Conclusions The sitting-up-straight position can effectively correct the PICC catheter heterotopia.This method is simple and feasible and thus worthy of clinical application.

Objective To investigate the effect of rosiglitazone on the epithelial-mesenchymal transition process of renal tubular epithelial cell induced by transforming growth factor-β(TGF-β). Methods The human renal tubular epithelial cell line HK-2 was cultured in vitro and treated with TGF-β at the presence or absence of rosiglitazone, and the morphological changes of HK-2 cells were observed. Then PPARγ,SMAD family number 2/ 3,E-cadherin and Vimentin were detected by western blot, and the mRNA expression of PPARγ, E-cadherin, Vimentin, zinc finger transcription factor Snail and Slug were measured by realtime quantitative PCR. Finally,dual luciferase reporter assay was performed to detect the effect of TGF-β and rosiglitazone on the tran-scription activity of E-cadherin promoter. Results TGF-β could induce the EMT process of HK-2, including morphological changes such as longer pseudopod and broader cell space. TGF-β also activated the SMAD2/ 3 signaling pathway, with expression changes of E-cadherin and Vimentin. Rosiglitazone reversed the morphological changes of HK-2 cells induced by TGF-β, with shor-ter pseudopod and narrower cell space. Rosiglitazone also inhibited the mRNA and protein expressions of Vimentin, and restored the mRNA and protein expression of E-cadherin by up-regulating PPARγ. The activity of E-cadherin promoter was enhanced under the treatment of rosiglitazone. Conclusion Rosiglitazone can antagonize the EMT process of renal tubular epithelial cell induced by TGF-β, through the activation of PPARγ and stimulating transcription and protein expression of E-cadherin.