Objective:To compare the effect of four different techniques on removal of vapor lock in the apical region of curved root canals.Methods:Forty simulated resin root canals with 45° curvature were prepared using WaveOne Primary,then the apical foramen were sealed with soft wax.The teeth were divided randomly into 4 groups thereafter (n =10).Contract solution was injected into the canals using a 30 G side-vented needle and scanned with cone-beam CT (CBCT) to identify the volume of the vapor lock.Four different techniques including photon-induced photoacoustic streaming (PIPS) laser-activated irrigation,gutta-percha cone technique,ultrasonic irrigation,and sonic irrigation were used to remove the vapor locks in the root canals.The residual volume of the vapor lock was identified again using CBCT scanning data.Accordingly,the reduction rates of the vapor lock were calculated.Furthermore,the initial and residual vapor lock length was calculated.The data were analyzed by using the One-Way ANOVA analysis and Kruskal-Wallis H test at a significance level of P ＜ 0.05.Results:There was no significant difference in the initial vapor lock volume (P ＞ 0.05).Residual volume of the vapor lock for PIPS laser-activated irrigation was 0 mm3,and that for gutta-percha cone technique was (0.02 ± 0.07) mm3,significantly lower than those of ultrasonic and sonic irrigation,the values being (0.20 ± 0.09)mm3 and (0.23 ±0.06) mm3 (P ＜0.001),respectively.The reduction rates of the vapor lock of PIPS laser-activated irrigation and gutta-percha cone technique were 100.00％ (100.00％,100.00％) and 100.00％ (77.66％,100.00％),respectively,significantly higher than those of ultrasonic irrigation [70.37％ (56.41％,91.43％)] and sonic irrigation [63.54％ (51.47％,74.00％),P ＜0.001].The length of the residual vapor lock for PIPS laser-activated irrigation was 0 mm,and that for gutta-percha cone technique was (0.15 ±0.47) mm,significantly lower than those of ultrasonic and sonic irrigation,values being (2.21 ±0.09) mm and (2.34 ±0.08) mm (P ＜0.001),respectively.The length of the residual vapor locks in the ultrasonic and sonic group remained approximately the same as the distance between the working tip and the apical foramen.Conclusion:PIPS laser activated irrigation and gutta-percha cone technique could remove the vapor lock from the apical region of curved canals effectivelv.

Objective To investigate the clinical effect of air compressor pump atomizing inhalation with pulmicort respules on idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF).Methods72 IPF patients were randomly divided into there groups with 24 cases in each group. The group A was treated with pulmicort respules suspension by air compressor pump atomizing inhalation, 1 mg each time, twice each day; the group B with pulmicort aerosol, 4 puffs each time, twice each day and the group C with prednisone, 1 mg/kg each day, reduce half of the dosage 4 week later. The clinical manifestation, pulmonary function testing, high-resolution CT of the chest, arterial blood gas analysis and side effects were observed before and 3 months after treatment.ResultsAfter treatment, the improvement rate of symptoms was 70.8% in group A, 25% in group B and 50% in group C, with a significant difference between group A and group B ( P<0.0125), but no difference between group A and group C ( P>0.0125). The improvement rate showed by lung CT was 66.7% in group A, 29.2% in group B and 45.8% in group C, with a significant difference between group A and group B ( P<0.0125), but no difference between group A and group C ( P>0.0125). PaO2 improved but no significant difference compared with that before treatment ( P>0.05). The incidence rate of side effect was 8.3% in group A, 8.3% in group B and 58.3% in group C with a significant difference between group A and group C ( P<0.0125).ConclusionAir compressor pump atomizing inhalation with pulmicort respules is effective in the treatment of IPF and has few side effects.

Objective To observe the effect of strict designed form for chewing gum on the first anus exhaust and defecation after laparoscopic surgery,and the actual compliance of chewing gum was investigate.Methods Totally 106 patients with abdominal operation in gynaecology department of Shaanxi Provincial People's Hospital from August to December 2016 were classified into chewing gum group and control group according to stratified random sampling.Chewing gum group had 53 cases,and the principle and requirement of chewing gum in patients and relatives were explained before operation.The xylitol chewing gum was chosed and chewed 2 to 3 gums in the 2 hours after operation,chewed about 30 times every minute and last for 15 to 20 minutes each time.From 7∶00 to 22∶00 the interval was 2 hours, and the interval at the rest time must not exceed 3 hours until exhaust.Fifty-three cases in control group received routine nursing,and started to drink a small amount of water 6 hours after operation,and gradually started to eat.Other dietary guidance and medical care measures were identical in both groups.Compared the first anus exhaust time,defecation time,abdominal distension and postoperative hospitalization time in two groups,and the actual compliance of chewing gum was investigated.Results The first anus exhaust time and the first defecation time of chewing gum group were (19.60±7.59) hours and (36.77±17.16) hours respectively,while those of the control group were (33.79±10.54)hours and (53.25±16.92) hours,and the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05).No abdominal distension occurred in chewing gum group,8 cases (15.1%) in control group had abdominal distension,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The postoperative hospitalization time of chewing gum group and control group were (3.94±1.87) days and (4.42±1.26)days respectively,and the difference was statistically significant(P>0.05).The actual compliance investigation of chewing gum was selected in 53 cases with the actual completion of 48 cases(90.6%).The averaged actual chewing number was (4.39±1.35) times,the averaged actual chewing time in each duration was (16.16±2.05) minutes,the average actual chewing interval was (2.38±0.26) hours.Conclusion The well designed form of chewing gum postoperative can shorten the postoperative anus exhaust and defecation time, and it can reduce postoperative abdominal distention.

Objective:To explore the propaganda methods and propagation path of advertising media cosmetology publicity in accordance with public demand and ethical principles,through understanding college students' acceptance level for advertising media cosmetology publicity and its influence on their choice forcosmetic ways.Methods:With the method of stratified cluster sampling,an anonymous questionnaire survey was conducted among 210 college students in a university in Shaanxi province.Results:The Internet has become the main way for college students to acquire cosmetology knowledge.A total of 44.7 ％ of the students thought most of the media cosmetology publicity was unbelievable,46.5％ of the students thought that advertising media publicity mainly considered the interests of the beauty institution,72.9％ of the students would not consider the beauty institution the media recommended,62.4％ of the students would choose regular public hospitals,56.3％ of the students would give up the idea of cosmetology due to the news of cosmetic failure,42.2％ of the students could accept minimally invasive plastic surgery,and 68.5 ％ of the students expected to acquire the cosmetology knowledge through expert consultation.Concltusion:At current,the credibility of media cosmetology publicity is not optimistic enough.It should further strengthen the supervision for media cosmetology publicity.Cosmetology advertising media should construct the publicity mode based on ethics,law,governance,occupation,public welfare and social responsibility.

Objective To investigate the expression of osteopontin (OPN)in serum,urine and renal tissue of patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE)and its relevance with organ damage in and activity of this disease.Methods Enzyme-linked immunoabsorbent assay(ELISA)was applied to detect the concentration of OPN in the sera of 100 patients with SLE and 30 sex-and age-matched normal human controls as well as in the urine of 57 patients with SLE and 15 normal human controls.Renal tissue was obtained from 3 patients with lupus nephritis and subjected to immunohistochemistry for the observation of OPN.Results The level of OPN was significantly higher in the sera and urine of patients with SLE than in those of normal human controls (64.03 ±72.87 μg/L vs 29.88±1 1.28μg/L,454.87±231.63 μg/L vs 122.67±39.47μg/L,both P<0.05).Increased level of OPN in sera and urine was also observed in patients with active SLE com-pared with those with inactive SLE (80.92±87.49μg/L vs 36.43±23.48μg/L,584.36±207.15 μs/L vs 28 1.08±1 3 1.92μg/L,both P<0.05).A positive correlation was noted between the serum level of OPN and SLE disease activity index(SLEDAI)(r=0.462,P<0.01),and the level of urine OPN was positively correlated with both SLEDAI and the concentration of urine immunoglobulin G.urine mierualbumin.urine α1-microglo-bulin,urine β2-microglobulin(r=0.901,0.458,0.359,0.342,0.409,respectively,all P<0.05).OPN was found in renal tubule epithelia of the three patients with lupus nephritis.Conclusion OPN may be involved in the pathogenesis of SLE and associated with the renal damage in patients with lupus nephritis.

Objective To construct the uniform electron density couch model (model A ED =0.25) and two components non uniform electron density couch model (model B FD =0.5and foam core=0.1) in the Monaco treatment planning system for the iBEAM(R) evo Extension 415,and to compare which model can better quantify the treatment couch influence on radiation dose.Methods Phantom was positioned in the center of the couch,the attenuation of the couch was evaluated with 6 MV for a field size of 10 cm× 10 cm.Dose measurements of couch attenuation were performed at gantry angles from 180.0° to 122.8°,using a 0.125cc semiflex ionization chamber (PTW),isocentrically placed in the center of a homogeneous cylindrical phantom.Each experimental setup was first measured on the linear accelerator and then reproduced in the TPS.By adjusting the relative-to water electron density (ED) values of the couch,the measured attenuation was replicated.The model accuracies of the model A and model B were evaluated by comparing the measured and calculated results at the minimum computational grid (2 mm) and maximum computing grid (5 mm),respectively.Results The maximum measured and calculated percentage deviation for the central phantom position was 4.01％.The couch model was included in the TPS with a uniform ED of 0.25 or a 2 component model with a fiber ED=0.5 and foam core ED=0.1.For model A and B under 2 and 5 mm voxel grid size,the mean absorbed dose with couch was reduced to 0.61％,0.84％,0.71％ and 0.92％from 2.8％ without couch.Conclusions Model A has a good agreement between measured and calculated dose distributions for all different voxel grid sizes and gantry angles.It can accurately describes the dose perturbations due to the presence of the couch and should therefore be used during treatment planning.

Objective Comparing the dosimetric characteristics of volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT) and constant dose rate intensity modulated arc therapy (IMAT) in esophagus cancer to evaluate the performance of the two different arc therapy delivery techniques.Methods 22 cases of esophageal cancer patients were selected for the planning comparison study.All plans were done for IMAT and VMAT treatment plans on Oncentra 4.1 treatment planning system,prescription dose of 2 Gy in total 30 fractions.Planning objectives for PTV were at least 95％ reached the prescription dose and V110 no more than 10％.The maximum dose of spinalcord below 45 Gy and double lung dose V20 ≤ 28％,V30 ≤ 18％ were constrained.Plans were evaluated based on the ability to meet the dose volume histogram.The dose homogeneity index (HI),radiation conformity index (CI),radiation delivery time,monitor units and γ pass rate were also compared.SPSS 19.0 software paired ttest analysis was carried out on the two sets of data.Results The results showed that the IMAT plans in terms of the PTV's CI (t =3.35,P=0.003),D2(t =-2.27,P=0.034) lung's V30(t =-2.46,P=0.023) were better than that of VMAT group.But the VMAT plans spinal's V40 (t =2.37,P =0.027),lung's V5 (t =2.43,P =0.024) were superior to that of IMAT plans.There were no significant differences between IMAT and VMAT plans in the average dose of PTV,CTV,GTV,heart,spinal cord,double lung and the γpass rate.Conclusion IMAT presents a slight improvement in the OAR sparing in high dose with shorter treatment time when compared to VMAT.While in terms of delivered MU and tissue of low dose irradiated area is higher than that of in VMAT.These two treatment methods all can meet the clinical demand,which should be selected according to the actual situation of the patient.

Objective To establish the chromatographic fingerprint of Rhizoma Atractylodis Macrocephalae(RAM) from GAP base at Youyang by HPLC for the quality control.Methods With Symmetry C_(18) colunm(250 mm?4.6 mm,5 ?m),gradient elution was performed by mobile phase containing MeOH-H_2O(65%—100%).The flow rate was 0.8 mL/min and detection wavelength was 254 nm.Eleven batches of RAM from various producing areas were comparatively analyzed to establish a fingerprint.Results(Eleven) Mutual peaks were selected in chromatography.Among the obtained fingerprint,the most of the detected peaks were separated effectively.The accuracy,repeatability,and stability of this method were satisfied.The RSD of relative retention time of mutual peaks which existed in all samples was less than 1%.The results of peak area were in accordance with the request of fingerprint.Conclusion The esta-(blished) fingerprint can be used for the quality control and species identifying of RAM.

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features, pathological features, differential diagnosis, and prognosis of solid pseudopapillary neoplasm (SPN) of the pancreas. MethodsA retrospective analysis was performed for the clinical data of 14 patients with SPN who were treated in our hospital from January 2014 to February 2018, and related articles were reviewed. ResultsThere were 11 female and 3 male patients with an age of onset of 13-77 years (mean 33.1 years). Most of them attended the hospital due to lesions found by physical examination or the presence of upper abdominal pain. Radiological examination revealed space-occupying lesion in the pancreas. The maximum diameter of the tumor ranged from 0.6 cm to 22 cm. Histological examination showed that most tumors were composed of solid areas and pseudopapillary areas, with a microcystic structure in local lesion. Immunohistochemistry showed positive Vimentin and negative CgA ,Glucagon, Gastrin, and Insulin in all patients. Some patients were positive for β-catenin (13/14), CD10 (10/14), CD56 (9/14), Syn (8/14), AA-T (11/14), PR (8/14), CyclinD1 (9/14), CA19-9 (3/14), CK-pan (9/14), CEA (1/14), and P53 (1/14). Ki-67 index was ≤10% in all 14 patients. ConclusionSPN of the pancreas should be diagnosed with reference to clinical data, imaging examination, histological features, and immunohistochemistry. The microcystic structure has a certain value in the diagnosis of SPN.

BACKGROUND: With the advancement of science and technology, invisible aligner without brackets have emerged. However, this new type of digital orthodontic technology is rarely reported on its biomechanics. OBJECTIVE: By the use of rectangular attachments of different sizes and different bonding positions, to obtain different force of canines and the stress supporting of periodontal tissue during the extrusion movement, providing reference for the clinical use of rectangular attachment in the orthodontic treatment of low canine tooth. METHODS: A three-dimensional finite element model of appliance-attachments-canine-periodontium-cancellous bone-cortical bone was established based on the scan data of the isolated canine. The attachments were set in different directions (vertical, horizontal), sizes (3, 4, 5 mm in height) and positions (in the occlusal side of the crown center, in the gingival side of the crown center). The 0.25-mm forced occlusal displacement was loaded to observe the deformation and equivalent stress of the tooth and periodontal membrane. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: (1) If the size of rectangular attachment increases, the force of the tooth will grow in a certain range and the tooth will have better effect of extrusion with a larger level of tilt motion in other directions. (2) The extrusion effect of the horizontal attachment is better than that of the vertical attachment, which is more difficult to have distal incline, but is prone to lingual incline.