ABSTRACT:Influenza A virus is one of the hottest research topics as it can mutate easily as well as the most likely to trig‐ger local or worldwide pandemics .When a new subtype influenza virus emerges ,it does great harm to human health and dama‐ges social economy .This review summarizes recent research progress and analysis techniques about glycosylation of hemagglu‐tinin and neuraminidase of influenza A virus .

Objective:To develop the representative fingerprint for the quality control of placenta polypeptide injection.Methods:The chromatographic separation was performed using a Phenomenex Gemini C18 column (250 mm × 4.6 mm,5 μm) maintained at 30 ℃.0.1％ aqueous trifluoroacetic acid (Solvent A) and acetonitrile contained 0.1％ TFA (Solvent B) were used as mobile phase with a gradient elution.Detection wavelength was 280 nm with the sample injection volume of 50 μL; the flow rate was 1.0 mL/min.The fingerprints of different samples were investigated by similarity analysis.Results:Nine peaks were identified as the characteristic common peaks.The similarities of the fingerprints of the 10 batches of samples were above 0.992.Conclusion:This method showed high precision and good repeatability,and provided the basis for the improvement of the quality control of placenta polypeptide iniection.

Objective There is no enzyme multiplied immunoassay technique ( EMIT) reagent for therapeutic drug monito-ring ( TDM) in our country.The aim of this study was to compare the properties of self-developed kits and commercially imported kits in TDM, and to evaluate their feasibilities for routine TDM. Methods The sensitivities, accuracies and precisions of self-developed kits, Viva-E kit and AXSYM kits were evaluated by determining the quality control samples of carbamazepine, valproic acid and phe-nobarbital.Self-developed kits, Viva-E kit and AXSYM kits were employed to determine the concentrations of clinical serum samples of 83 cases of carbamazepine, 80 cases of valproic acid and 72 cases of phenobarbital separately, and the results were compared and analyzed. Results Recoveries of carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenobarbital were more than 90% for the three different kits. The recoveries of self-developed kits for the three drugs were in the range of 98.7%-103.9% and the limits of quantification of the self-developed kits for carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenobarbital were 2, 10, 5μg/mL, respectively.Precision was lower than 10%and its average relative deviation was less than 3%after single point correction.There were good correlations (R2>0.985) and no significant statistical difference between self-developed kits and AXSYM kits (P>0.05).Upper and lower 95%limits of agreement in Bland-Altman plots were (-1.32,1.26), (-15.24,15.17) and ( -3.69,3.00) for carbamazepine, valproic acid and phenobar-bital, respectively.About 5%of the points failed in the 95%confidence interval. Conclusion The self-developed kits showed good performance and are suitable for clinical use in TDM.

Objective:To analyze the ultrasonographic images and clinical characteristics of congenital mesoblastic nephroma (CMN), and to investigate the differential performances with Wilm′s tumor (WT).Methods:Twenty-one cases of CMN patients confirmed by pathology from December 2008 to December 2019 in Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University were collected as the CMN group, and in the same criterion, 51 cases of WT patients were taken as WT group. Ultrasonographic images and clinical characteristics were collected retrospectively, and then the tumor size, site, echo and age were compared and analyzed between the two groups. ROC curve was used to evaluate the differential performance.Results:The difference analysis showed that except for echo ( P=0.694), there were statistically significant differences in tumor size, site and age between the two groups (all P<0.05). In prenatal, the incidence of CMN was significantly higher than WT (61.9% vs 3.9%, P<0.001), and the specificity was 96.1%. The median age (interquartile range) of CMN after birth was significantly earlier than WT( Z=-4.044, P<0.001). The area under the ROC was 0.949, the best cutoff was 112.5 days, with a sensitivity of 87.5% and a specificity of 93.9%. Conclusions:It is difficult to distinguish CMN and WT by echo, but the diagnosis performance can be improved through combining tumor size with site, especially age.

Objective To investigate clinical features and therapeutic protocols of vulvovaginal-gingival syndrome(VVGS). Methods Clinical data were collected from 11 female patients with VVGS and analyzed. Results Among the 11 patients, the mean and median ages at a definite diagnosis of VVGS were both 46 years, and the average disease duration was 4 years. Painful erosive erythema was found on the vaginal vestibule in 7 patients, on the gingiva in 10, as well as on the bilateral buccal mucosa in 5. Additionally, 8 and 4 patients reported dyspareunia and vaginal hemorrhage, respectively. Seven patients were treated with low-dose oral methylprednisolone combined with hydroxychloroquine or colchicine, and the other 4 were treated with oral hydroxychloroquine alone. Furthermore, all of the 11 patients applied topical tacrolimus 0.1%ointment. Finally, 8 patients were cured or markedly improved. No obvious adverse reactions were observed in any of the patients. Conclusions VVGS mostly occurs in middle-aged women, with the vaginal vestibule and gingiva as predilection sites of painful erythema and dyspareunia as common symptoms. Patients have good responses to methylprednisolone combined with hydroxychloroquine, and hydroxychloroquine alone also shows good efficacy in patients with mild VVGS. Tacrolimus 0.1%ointment can be one of drugs for topical maintenance treatment of VVGS.

Objective To detect the expression of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 in different esophageal tissues,and study the relationships between the expressions of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 with the occurrence and development of esophageal squamous cell carcinoma.Methods The fresh surgical specimens in 60 patients with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were collected and Western blotting were used to analyze and detect the expressions of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma,adjacent esophageal tissues and normal esophageal tissues.The expression of cav-1 and PY14caveolin-1 with esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were analyzed.Results The expressions of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma were much higher than that in adjacent tissues and normal esophageal tissues,and the difference between them was statistically significant(P＜0.05).Conclusion The expression of caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 in esophageal squamous cell carcinoma, adjacent esophageal tissues and normal esophageal tissues decreases successively,it suggests the caveolin-1 and PY14caveolin-1 may be the key of the occurrence and development of esophageal cancer cells and they could be involved in the migration and invasion of esophageal cancer.

Objective To analyze the prevalence and characteristics of skin diseases in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM).Methods Clinical out patient records for both elderly and non-elderly individuals with T2DM were collected from the dermatology department of Beijing Hospital.Statistical comparisons were performed between the elderly group and the non-elderly group on the prevalence of common skin complications and disease characteristics.Analysis was performed in the elderly group to identify any association of common skin disorders with gender,age,duration of T2DM,or level of glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c).Results Among 679 elderly T2DM cases,pruritus was the most common complication (26.1％),followed by eczema (21.t ％) and tinea pedis/onychomycosis (18.3％).Pruritus was more prevalent in the elderly group (177 cases,26.1％) compared to the non-elderly group (34 cases,9.8％) (x2 =6.006,P＜0.01).On the other hand,tinea pedis/onychomycosis was less prevalent in the senior group (124 cases,18.3 ％) than in the non-senior group (112 cases,32.2 ％) (x2 =37.437,P＜0.01).In the senior group,pruritus was more prevalent among male patients (105 out of 358 cases,29.3％) than among female patients(72 out of 321 cases,22.4％) (x2 =4.181,P =0.041).On average,patients with eczema were older[(72.3 ± 2.2)years] and had a longer history of T2DM [(8.3 ± 0.3)years] compared with patients without eczema[age:(65.2±1.9)years,history of T2DM:(5.2±0.1)years] (t=1.250,P=0.023 for age;t=1.680,P=0.033 for disease duration).Patients with tinea pedis/onychomycosis had higher HbA1c levels (6.7 ± 0.4) ％ than patients without tinea pedis/onychomycosis (6.1 ± 0.3) ％ (t =0.790,P＜0.01).Conclusions Pruritus is the most common skin complication in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes and is more common in elderly patients and male patients.Risk factors for developing eczema in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes may include older age and long disease duration.High levels of glycosylated hemoglobin in elderly patients with type 2 diabetes indicates increased risk for foot fungi infections.

Objective: To explore the mediating role of over-commitment in the relationship between occupational stressors and job burnout, and to offer more specificevidence-based information in exploring the work related health effects of over-commitment. Methods: A total of 1994 samples from electronic manufacturing service industry were collected in Guangdong province based on self-rated questionnaire after written consent from June to July, 2015. The Effort-Reward Imbalance questionnaire and Maslach Burnout Invertory-General Survey were used for the measurement of occupational stress and job burnout. And hierarchical regression and Bootstrap test were conducted for data analysis. Results: High effort (0.28, 0.24-0.33) and low reward (-0.37, -0.42--0.33) were significantly associated with high over-commitment when gender, age and position had been controlled. Standardizedregression coefficient of effort to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were 0.63 (95%CI: 0.54-0.71) 、0.18 (95%CI: 0.10-0.26) 、0.32 (95%CI: 0.21-0.43) , P<0.05; and standardized regression coefficient of reward to emotional exhaustion, depersonalization and personal accomplishment were-0.60 (95%CI: -0.68--0.52) 、-0.93 (95%CI: -1.01--0.86) 、-0.46 (95%CI: -0.35--0.58) , P<0.05. Bootstrap test indicated the mediation of over-commitment were statistically significant, and mediating effect ranges from 0.093 to 0.218 (P<0.05) . Conclusion Over-commitment can mediate the relationship between occupational stressors (job effort and reward) and burnout, and the effect varies from different workingconditions.

OBJECTIVETo investigate the loss of heterozygosity (LOH) on chromosomal arms 13q and 14q in nasopharyngeal carcinoma (NPC) using 21 microsatellite polymorphic markers and to study whether there is a correlation between LOH and clinicopathologic parameters and/or Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) infection in NPC.

METHODSSixty cases of NPC were studied using polymerase chain reaction based microsatellite analysis with genescan and genotyping techniques.

RESULTSLOH was detected on 13q in 78% of NPC tumors, high frequency LOH loci (more than 30%) clustered to 13q12.3-q14.3 and 13q32. On chromosome 14q, LOH was detected in 80% of NPC tumors; high frequency LOH loci clustered to 14q11-q13, 14q21-q24 and 14q32. High frequency LOH at 13q31-q32 correlated with a lower level of EBV infection; LOH on chromosome 14q was closely associated with poor differentiation of NPC tumor cells.

CONCLUSIONOur results suggest that in NPC, LOH on chromosome 13q and 14q are common genetic events, and putative tumor suppressor genes (TSG) residing in these regions may be involved in tumorigenesis.

Adult ; Aged ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 13 ; genetics ; Chromosomes, Human, Pair 14 ; genetics ; DNA, Neoplasm ; genetics ; Female ; Gene Frequency ; Humans ; Loss of Heterozygosity ; Male ; Microsatellite Repeats ; Middle Aged ; Nasopharyngeal Neoplasms ; genetics ; pathology ; Statistics as Topic

Objective To investigate the diagnostic performance of bedside ultrasound for postoperative diaphragmatic paralysis after congenital cardiac surgery in infant . Methods A total of 47 postoperative infants presented dyspnea after congenital cardiac surgery were collected . The diaphragmatic motion was detected by bedside ultrasound as an indirect indicator to reflect the condition of the phrenic nerve . The diagnostic performance of the combination of paradoxical and hypokinetic motion in parallel tests were assessed according to the final diagnostic results . The proportion of confirmed diaphragmatic paralysis in patients with different diaphragmatic motion was calculated respectively and compared . Ten cases were randomly selected for the estimation of the repeatability by calculating the weighted Kappa value based on the results in two different doctors . Results Utilizing the combination of paradoxical and hypokinetic motion in parallel tests as the diagnostic criteria ,the sensitivity was 100％ and the specificity was 40％ . After observation period , all the 14 patients presented with diaphragmatic paradoxical motion were confirmed as diaphragmatic paralysis ;while in the 23 patients presented with hypokinetic motion ,8 cases were confirmed as diaphragmatic paralysis ,there was significant difference between them ( P = 0 .000) . The reproducibility for bedside ultrasound was good ( Kappa value was 0 .891) . Conclusions Utilizing the bedside ultrasound for the diagnosis of diaphragmatic paralysis in infant is sensitive and reliable . For reducing the time for definite diagnosis and avoiding over-treatment ,paradoxical diaphragmatic motion can be considered as a direct diagnostic criteria ,however follow-up estimation for hypokinetic diaphragmatic motion is necessary before the confirmation of final diagnosis .