Objective:To analyze the clinical characteristics of children with head and neck rhabdomyosarcoma (RMS) and to summarize the mid-long term efficacy of Beijing Children′s Hospital Rhabdomyosarcoma 2006 (BCH-RMS-2006) regimen and China Children′s Cancer Group Rhabdomyosarcoma 2016 (CCCG-RMS-2016) regimen.Methods:A retrospective cohort study. Clinical data of 137 children with newly diagnosed head and neck RMS at Beijing Children′s Hospital, Capital Medical University from March 2013 to December 2021 were collected. Clinical characteristic of patients at disease onset and the therapeutic effects of patients treated with the BCH-RMS-2006 and CCCG-RMS-2016 regimens were compared. The treatments and outcomes of patients with recurrence were also summarized. Survival analysis was performed by Kaplan-Meier method, and Log-Rank test was used for comparison of survival rates between groups.Results:Among 137 patients, there were 80 males (58.4%) and 57 females (41.6%), the age of disease onset was 59 (34, 97) months. The primary site in the orbital, non-orbital non-parameningeal, and parameningeal area were 10 (7.3%), 47 (34.3%), and 80 (58.4%), respectively. Of all patients, 32 cases (23.4%) were treated with the BCH-RMS-2006 regimen and 105 (76.6%) cases were treated with the CCCG-RMS-2016 regimen. The follow-up time for the whole patients was 46 (20, 72) months, and the 5-year progression free survival (PFS) and overall survival (OS) rates for the whole children were (60.4±4.4)% and (69.3±4.0)%, respectively. The 5-year OS rate was higher in the CCCG-RMS-2016 group than in BCH-RMS-2006 group ((73.0±4.5)% vs. (56.6±4.4)%, χ2=4.57, P=0.029). For the parameningeal group, the 5-year OS rate was higher in the CCCG-RMS-2016 group (61 cases) than in BCH-RMS-2006 group (19 cases) ((57.3±7.6)% vs. (32.7±11.8)%, χ2=4.64, P=0.031). For the group with meningeal invasion risk factors, the 5-year OS rate was higher in the CCCG-RMS-2016 group (54 cases) than in BCH-RMS-2006 group (15 cases) ((57.7±7.7)% vs. (30.0±12.3)%, χ2=4.76, P=0.029). Among the 10 cases of orbital RMS, there was no recurrence. In the non-orbital non-parameningeal RMS group (47 cases), there were 13 (27.6%) recurrences, after re-treatment, 7 cases survived. In the parameningeal RMS group (80 cases), there were 40 (50.0%) recurrences, with only 7 cases surviving after re-treatment. Conclusions:The overall prognosis for patients with orbital and non-orbital non-parameningeal RMS is good. However, children with parameningeal RMS have a high recurrence rate, and the effectiveness of re-treatment after recurrence is poor. Compared with the BCH-RMS-2006 regimen, the CCCG-RMS-2016 regimen can improve the treatment efficacy of RMS in the meningeal region.

Malignant tumors are one of the major diseases that endanger human life and health. Chinese medicine has unique advantages in clinical anti-tumor treatment. However， how to translate the anti-tumor effects of Chinese medicine into clinical practice is the core issue that must be addressed in the process of treating malignant tumors with traditional Chinese medicine （TCM）. Unlike modern chemical drugs， the compatibility application of Chinese medicine is the key factor that determines whether Chinese medicine can achieve optimal anti-tumor efficacy and realize the goal of "enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity". The formulation structure based on this compatibility is the basic form for the safe， efficient， and rational clinical use of anti-tumor Chinese medicine， and it mainly includes three categories： herb pairs， tri-herbal combinations， and compound compatibility. Although herb pairs have the characteristics of a simple structure and strong targeting （enhancing efficacy and reducing toxicity）， they often have a single effect and cannot fully address the complex pathogenesis of tumors. As a result， herb pairs are rarely used alone in practice. Compared to herb pairs， tri-herbal combinations broaden the application scope of herbs in clinical treatment， but their therapeutic range remains limited. The traditional "sovereign， minister， assistant， and guide" compound prescription， which includes herb pairs and tri-herbal combinations， improves the efficacy of herbs in treating serious diseases， hypochondriasis， chronic diseases， and miscellaneous disorders. However， due to the limitations of its historical background， it has not been integrated with modern clinical practice and modern pharmacological research， which restricts the development of compound compatibility theory. With the emergence of modern medical technology， it has been combined with traditional compatibility theory of Chinese medicine to create an innovative modern compatibility theory. This includes the "aid medicine" theory derived from modern Chinese medicine pharmacology， which compensates for the inability of the "sovereign， minister， assistant， and guide" theory to accurately apply medicine. Additionally， the "state-targeted treatment based on syndrome differentiation" theory， developed from pharmacology and modern medicine， addresses the deficiency in disease cognition in the "sovereign， minister， assistant， and guide" theory. Under the guidance of these compatibility forms and theories， clinical anti-tumor Chinese medicine can exert its maximum anti-tumor efficacy， which is of great significance for the application of Chinese medicine in clinical tumor treatment.

OBJECTIVE To promote the application of drones in emergency rescue and related fields， expand “low-altitude+ medical” rescue services， and advance the standardization of “low-altitude+medical” distribution services. METHODS The Consensus on Low-altitude Transport and Delivery Services for Emergency Medicines via Drones （2025 Edition） （hereinafter referred to as the Consensus） was jointly initiated by the Division of Therapeutic Drug Monitoring， Chinese Pharmacological Society and the Expert Committee on Precision Medication of the Guangdong Pharmaceutical Association. Guangzhou Red Cross Hospital served as the leading unit， organizing 53 multidisciplinary experts nationwide to participate in drafting and reviewing. A nominal group technique was employed to discuss and finalize the consensus outline， resulting in a preliminary draft. Delphi method was employed， and 11 external review experts were invited to conduct the evaluation. After the experts’ opinions were analyzed and integrated， the Consensus was finalized. RESULTS & CONCLUSIONS The finalized Consensus includes its purpose， principles， and applicable scenarios， basic requirements， and operational procedures for low-altitude transport and delivery of emergency medications； distribution requirements and precautions for controlled substances， fragile medications， and temperature-sensitive medications； and recommendations for emergency medications supplies suitable for the low-altitude transportation and distribution. The release of this Consensus is expected to provide guidance and support for the standardization of “low-altitude+medical” distribution services and the application of low-altitude economy in the healthcare sector.

Background In recent years, the increasingly widespread application of nuclear and medical radiation technologies has resulted in a large number of occupational populations exposed to low-dose ionizing radiation (LDIR). At present, there is no consistent conclusion on the effects of long-term exposure to LDIR on the metabolic health of the occupational population. Objective To explore the association between long-term exposure to LDIR and metabolic syndrome (MetS) among medical radiologists. Methods A cross-sectional study was conducted to enroll 6431 medical radiologists who ordered occupational health checkups from January 2022 to December 2023, and basic information such as demographic characteristics, occupational characteristics, lifestyles, and dietary habits was collected through questionnaires. Physical examinations were conducted using a standardized protocol. Individual dose equivalents of occupational external exposure were monitored by dosimeters worn by medical radiologists. Logistic regression model was used for identifying influencing factors of MetS and sensitivity analysis, and restricted cubic spline model was used to explore the dose-response relationship between cumulative effective dose and MetS. Two-stage linear regression was used to evaluate threshold effect of association between cumulative effective dose and MetS. Results The positive rate of MetS was 13.6% (877/6431) among the enrolled 6431 study participants. The logistic regression showed that gender, age, monthly income, body mass index (BMI), cumulative effective dose, and smoking were influencing factors for MetS. The risk of MetS was higher in males (OR=1.511, 95%CI: 1.209, 1.888); using the < 30 years old group as reference, the risk of MetS was higher in the 30-39 years old (OR=1.509, 95%CI: 1.095, 2.079), 40-49 years old (OR=2.214, 95%CI: 1.551, 3.161), and ≥50 years old (OR=3.480, 95%CI: 2.338, 5.181) groups; using the <10000 yuan group as reference, the risk of MetS was lower in the group with a monthly income of 10000-14999 yuan (OR=0.715, 95%CI: 0.582, 0.878); the risk of MetS was higher in the BMI ≥ 24 kg·m⁻² group (OR=7.548, 95%CI: 6.223, 9.156); using the < 0.76 mSv group as reference, the risk of MetS was higher in the cumulative effective dose of 0.76-2.73 mSv group (OR=1.270, 95%CI: 1.017, 1.586); the risk of MetS was higher in the smoking group (OR=1.734, 95%CI: 1.428, 2.107). The results of restricted cubic spline showed that the cumulative effective dose was nonlinearly correlated with MetS (P _{non-linearity}=0.028), with an inflection point of 1.25 mSv. The risk of developing MetS increased by 34.1% for each unit increase in cumulative effective dose up to 1.25 mSv, whereas above 1.25 mSv, the statistical association was not significant. The sensitivity analysis results showed that after excluding the self-reported hypertensive and diabetic patients, the cumulative effective dose 0.76-2.73 mSv group still had an increased risk of developing MetS compared with the < 0.76 mSv group (P < 0.05), and the results were robust. Conclusion Among medical radiologists, male, age, BMI, and smoking are positively correlated with MetS, and monthly income is negatively correlated with MetS; cumulative effective dose is non-linearly correlated with MetS among medical radiologists.

Depression (Dep) is one of the most common concomitant symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD), but there is a lack of detailed pathologic evidence for the occurrence of PD-Dep. Currently, the management of symptoms from both conditions using conventional pharmacological interventions remains a formidable task. In this study, we found impaired activation of extracellular signal-related kinase (ERK), reduced levels of transcription and translation, and decreased expression of brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) in the medial prefrontal cortex (mPFC) of PD-Dep rats. We demonstrated that the abnormal phosphorylation of α-synuclein (pS129) induced tropomyosin-related kinase receptor type B (TrkB) retention at the neuronal cell membrane, leading to BDNF/TrkB signaling dysfunction. We chose SEW2871 as an ameliorator to upregulate ERK phosphorylation. The results showed that PD-Dep rats exhibited improvement in behavioral manifestations of PD and depression. In addition, a reduction in pS129 was accompanied by a restoration of the function of the BDNF/ERK signaling loop in the mPFC of PD-Dep rats.
Animals ; Brain-Derived Neurotrophic Factor/metabolism* ; alpha-Synuclein/metabolism* ; Male ; Prefrontal Cortex/drug effects* ; Rats, Sprague-Dawley ; Depression/metabolism* ; MAP Kinase Signaling System/drug effects* ; Rats ; Parkinson Disease/metabolism* ; Receptor, trkB/metabolism* ; Phosphorylation ; Disease Models, Animal ; Signal Transduction

Glioma is the most common primary malignant tumor of the central nervous system in adults. Despite the standard treatment of surgery combined with radiotherapy and chemotherapy, the prognosis for high-grade glioma patients remains poor, highlighting the urgent need to further explore its pathogenesis and develop new therapeutic strategies. This article reviews the research progress in the field of glioma in China in 2024, covering tumorigenesis mechanisms, tumor immune microenvironment composition, advances in imaging techniques and novel imaging agents, improvements in surgical approaches, mechanisms of radio- and chemoresistance, and explorations of new therapeutic modalities. These studies provide a solid theoretical foundation for advancing clinical diagnosis and treatment of gliomas and may offer new opportunities to improve patient outcomes.

Background The high-quality development of manufacturing in China has spurred industrial transformation and upgrading, placing higher demands on the skills of employees in the electronic manufacturing industry. This situation may induce psychological health problems such as job burnout and depressive symptoms in the employees, and also lead to insomnia, which has become a public health problem that urgently needs attention and solution. Objective To investigate the relationship between job burnout, depressive symptoms, and insomnia among employees in the electronic manufacturing industry. Methods A total of 3034 employees from four electronic manufacturing companies in Beijing City, Shanghai City, and Guangdong Province were selected using judgment sampling from September to November 2019. The Maslach Burnout Inventory-General Survey, Patient Health Questionnaire-9, and Self-Administered Sleep Questionnaire were used to collect data. The correlation between job burnout, depressive symptoms, and insomnia was evaluated by hierarchical regression. Results A total of 3034 survey questionnaires were distributed, and 2614 valid questionnaires were collected, with a response effectiveness rate of 86.2%. The reporting rates of job burnout, depressive symptoms, and insomnia among employees in the electronic manufacturing industry were 47.2%, 19.5%, and 29.1%, respectively. The reporting rates of insomnia of employees in the job burnout group and depressive symptoms group were higher than those in the non-job burnout group and non-depressive symptoms group (35.3% vs. 23.6%, 47.2% vs. 24.7%, P＜0.001). The results of hierarchical regression showed that job burnout explained 2.8% of the variation of insomnia (P<0.001), and the inclusion of depressive symptoms explained 1.2% of the variation of insomnia (P<0.001). Conclusion Job burnout and depressive symptoms could both affect insomnia of employees in the electronic manufacturing industry.

ObjectiveTo explore the effect of occupational stress on work-related musculoskeletal disorders (WMSDs) in electronics manufacturing workers. Methods A total of 392 front-line workers in two electronic manufacturing enterprises in Guangdong Province were selected as the research subjects using the judgment sampling method. The prevalence of WMSDs and the level of occupational stress of the research subjects were investigated using the Musculoskeletal Disorders Questionnaire and the Core Occupational Stress Scale. Results The total WMSDs detection rate was 39.5%, and the multi-site WMSDs detection rate was 30.6%. The detection rate of occupational stress was 14.8%. The total WMSDs detection rate and multi-site WMSDs detection rate in the occupational stress group were higher than those in the non-occupational stress group (65.5% vs 35.0%, 56.9% vs 26.0%, both P<0.01). Binary logistic regression analysis result showed that the risk of WMSDs in the occupational stress group was higher than that in the non-occupational stress group after adjusting the effect of confounding factors such as age, gender, job type and work days per week (P<0.01). Conclusion The occupational stress may increase the risk of WMSDs in electronics manufacturing workers. Reducing the level of occupational stress among workers in electronic manufacturing enterprises is beneficial for reducing the risk of WMSDs.

Objective:To construct and prepare recombinant virus strains chimeric with human metapneumovirus (HMPV) antigenic epitopes.Methods:Recombinant influenza virus vectors which chimeric with different HMPV antigenic epitopes were rescued by reverse genetics using eight-plasmid system. The recombinant influenza virus strain used the internal genes of A/PR/8/34 (PB1, PB2, PA, NP, NS, M, HA, and NA) as a backbone, with concomitant genetic modifications to insert the B-cell epitopes of HMPV into the HA gene, and the CTL+ Th cell epitopes of HMPV into the NA gene. Preparation of recombinant influenza virus strains using reverse genetics in a " 7+ 1" model. The recombinant virus strains were evaluated by measuring hemagglutinin (HA) titers, half tissue culture infectious dose (TCID 50) and growth curves. Sequencing analysis was conducted to verify whether the rescued viruses carried the chimeric HMPV epitopes. Results:The epitopes of HMPV were inserted into the influenza virus genome and two recombinant influenza virus strains were rescued successfully, named as FLU/HMPV/B and FLU/HMPV/CTL+ Th. HA titers of the recombinant strains were both 2 7, their TCID 50 were 10 5.2/ml and 10 5.0/ml, respectively. After cultured for three passages in chick embryo, these two recombinant strains could proliferate steadily. Whole genome sequencing verified that the FLU/HMPV/B carried the B-cell epitopes of HMPV, the FLU/HMPV/CTL+ Th carried the CTL and Th cell epitopes of HMPV. Growth curve tests also verified that the recombinant strains could proliferate steadily in eggs. Conclusions:Two recombinant influenza virus vector strains carrying the B cell, CTL and Th epitopes of HMPV were rescued successfully. The result of the recombinant virus strains in terms of growth characteristics as well as genetic stability indicate that they meet the requirements for proceeding to the next step of animal experiments. The immunogenicity and immunoprotective effect will be further evaluated by mouse experiments. Ultimately new ideas for the realization of " one vaccine for two uses" or " one vaccine formultiple uses", as well as a new strategy for the development of HMPV vaccine will be proposed.

Objective To evaluate the characteristics of dose distribution of neuronal networks in vitro on microelectrode arrays(MEAs)under 2.6 GHz radiofrequency(RF)exposure.Methods The MEAs were coupled with a real-time RF exposure setup,and electromagnetic simulation software was used to calculate the RF dose absorbed in cultured neuronal networks.A fiber-optic temperature probe was used for experimental validation and monitoring of the cell temperature during RF exposure.The MEAs were used to record the electrical activity of neurons.Results For an input power of 1 W,a specific absorption rate(SAR)level of(15.51±2.48)W/kg was calculated,and the variability of the SAR distribution was 16%.In our experimental system,the temperature elevation of neurons was up to 0.15℃for an SAR of 4 W/kg RF exposure.Conclusion The exposure device can provide high SAR efficiency and uniformity in the 2.6 GHz band,which is suitable for studying the real-time effects of RF fields on the electrical activity of neuronal networks in the 5G network band.