OBJECTIVE:To study the effect of the physico-chemistical property of n-alkyl carboxylates on its permeability through ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa of pig.METHODS:Acetic acid,butanoic acid,hexanoic acid and caprylic acid were used as model drugs.The permeability of them through ex vivo porcine buccal mucosa of pig was studied using modified Franz diffusion cell;The concentrations of different samples were determined by gas chromatography (GC) and the permeability coefficients(P) of different samples were computed,which were compared with the P through human skin reported in literature.RESULTS:The P of acetic acid,butanoic acid,hexanoic acid and caprylic acid through porcine buccal mucosa were 2.05?10-5,3.03?10-5,1.66?10-4 and 1.19?10-4 cm?s-1,respectively,and the P of which though human skin reported in literature were 9.77?10-8,3.47?10-7,3.80?10-6 and 6.61?10-6 cm?s-1,respectively.CONCLUSION:The permeability of carboxylates through porcine buccal mucosa of pig was greater than that through human skin.The liposolubility and the molecular volume (physico-chemistical parameters) of this kind of compounds had much less impact on the permeability of carboxylates through porcine buccal mucosa of pig than through human skin.

The endosopic imaging was simulated using SketchUp software, and the preliminary definitions of the visual relative quantity space (VRQS), visual absolute quantity space (VAQS), and visual space scale unit (length) VSSU (VSUL) were made to discuss characters of them; With the elevation angle or the distance of the endoscope entering the nasal cavity changed, the law and the cause of the spatial directions in the visual field of the endoscope were analyzed by the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL). The perspective law in the 0° VRQS is: With the distance to the visual point nearer, the length of the VSSU in the view of the endoscope is longer. If the distance of the endoscope entering the model is increased only, the position of the spatial direction in the view of the endoscope shows the repeatable and substituted characteristics. If the elevation angle of the endoscope is changed only, the spatial directions in the view are changed. The change of the spatial directions in the view could be explained by the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL). The change of the elevation angle of the endoscope can caused the change of the spatial directions in the view. The spatial directions in the view of the endoscope have the repeatable and substituted characteristics; the theory of VRQS, VAQS, and VSSU (VSUL) can completely explained the changes of the spatial directions, which provides a good basis for the operations and the further research.

Objective: To analysis the clinical characteristic and pathogenic bacterium of infective endocarditis (IE),and to compare the pathogenic microorganism and vegetation localization between the prosthetic valve endocarditis (PVE) and the native valve endocarditis (NVE).Methods: The data was collected from 266 in-patients who fulfilled Duke Criteria for IE from May 2003 to May 2008 in our hospital.The demographics and clinical data were analyzed retrospectively.Results: There were 243/266 of IE patients suffered from basic heart disease,among them,101 patients with congenital heart disease,77 patients with non-rheumatic valvular heart disease,62 with rheumatic heart disease and 3 with other heart disease.There were 218 (82%) patients with identified vegetation,and the most common vegetation localized at aortic valve,mitral valve,and aortic plus mitral valve in turn.Bacterial cultures were positive in 49.5% of patients.The proportion of Gram-Negative bacillus and Fungi infection had risen in IE.Detection rate of vegetation was lower in PVE patients than that in NVE patients (P<0.01).However,the positive bacterial culture rate was higher in PVE than in NVE (P<0.01).Streptococcus,coagulase negative staphylococcus,gram-negative bacteria showed significant difference between the two groups (P<0.05).The spectrum of microorganism was different between the early and the late PVE patients.The in-hospital mortality rate of PVE was higher than NVE.Conclusion: The spectrum and pathogenic bacterium of IE had changed obviously during the past years.Early diagnosis,bacterial culture with correct antibacterial treatment,transesophageal echocardiography,and active prevention of nosocomial infection should be essential for the disease control.

Objectives To explore the clinical characteristics of hematologic disease complicated by rhino-orbital-cerebral mucormycosis (HD-ROCM) and improve the understanding, diagnosis and treatment of M-ROC.Methods For mastering the clinical characteristics, treatment and prognosis of HD-ROCM, the medical records of 6 HD-ROCM patients admitted from 2009 to 2015 were analyzed retrospectively, and related literatures were also retrieved and reviewed.Results All the patients had bone marrow transplantation, 2 out of 6 patients had neutropenia, 5 had endoscopic debridement in a few days to several months after the onset of symptoms, and 1 had open debridement. 3 out of 6 achieved local debridement, and the other 3 had radical debridement. Out of them, one died 8 days postoperation, 1 died at 1 month, 2 at 2 months and 2 at 6 months.ConclusionEarly diagnosis and timely surgical treatment are the key points for improving the survival rate of HD-ROCM patients.

Objective To explore the role of combined respiratory function combined with drug therapy in the rapid recovery of lung cancer patients, and to provide reference for clinical treatment. Methods Forty patients with early non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) who underwent surgical treatment from January 2012 to December 2015 were selected as subjects and were randomly divided into intervention group and control group (n=20) according to the order of admission. All patients were treated with routine chemotherapy on the basis of routine chemotherapy of lung cancer, and routine perioperative care was carried out. The intervention group received comprehensive respiratory function exercise on the basis of them. There were psychological nursing, health education, perioperative respiratory function exercise and so on. The incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications, quality of life improvement and postoperative rehabilitation were compared between the two groups. Results The incidence of pulmonary complications in the intervention group was 5％ (1/20, only one case of pneumonia), the incidence of pulmonary complications in the control group was 35％ (7/20, 4 cases of pneumonia, two cases of atelectasis, one case of hypoxemia),the incidence of postoperative pulmonary complications in the intervention group was significantly lower than that in the control group (P<0.05). The scores of SF-36 in the intervention group were higher than those in the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05). The extubation time and postoperative hospital stay in the intervention group were shorter than in the control group. The 6-minute walking test (6MWK) was longer than the control group, the difference was statistically significant (P<0.05).Conclusion Comprehensive respiratory function combined with treatment with etestin hydrochloride can reduce the early postoperative pulmonary complications in patients with early non-small cell lung cancer, improve its quality of life and promote rapid postoperative rehabilitation.

ObjectiveTo evaluate the sufficiency of dialysis and nutri ti onal status of 44 end-stage renal disease (ESRD) with urea metabolic parameters such as TACurea,KT/V and PCR.MethodClinical data were collecte d and analyzed with statistic methods.ResultsTACurea and PCR w ere significantly lower in patients in insufficient dialysis group than those in sufficient dialysis group.There was no statistical difference between the two g roups in terms of KT/V.PCR was not influenced by KT/V in sufficient dialysis gro up,while it was significantly influenced by KT/V in insufficient dialysis group. ConclusionTACurea and PCR are significant indicators to assess whether the blood dialysis is sufficient or not in the long run.KT/V can direct ly indicate the effectiveness of single dialysis.Therefore,it is the best indica tor for adjusting the dialytic strategy.However,it is not important if the dialy sis is not sufficient.

Peroxisome proliferators-activated receptors(PPARs)are ligand activated transcriptional factors and belonging to the nuclear receptor superfamily.PPARs play important roles in the regulation of lipid and glucose metabolism,energy homeostasis,cell proliferation,differentiation and reproduction.Furthermore,PPARs agonists were closely correlated to atherosclerosis and involved in delaying the formation of atherosclerosis.

Objective To investigate the expression and clinical significance of proapoptotic genes HtraA2 in acute myeloid leukemia.Methods 78 cases of AML patients were divided into newly diagnosed AML group,complete remission group and hard flag group,and another 25 cases treated at the same period were set as the control group.The boue marrow and peripheral blood samples were collected from all the groups for total RNA extraction and detection of expressed HtrA2.The HtrA2 expressions were compared among thc groups.Finally 17 patients were followed up for 1～56 months.Results The HtrA2 expression levels of 3 groups were significantly different (x2 =35.13,P ＜ 0.05),with the ratio of maximum to minimum values up to 68.76.There were no statistically significant differences in the relative expression of gcnes HtrA2 among the FAB type (F =0.004,P ＞ 0.05).HtrA2 gene expression after treatment was significantly higher than before treatment in the patients followed up (P ＞ 0.05).HtrA2 gene might affect the survival time of patients (Wald =4.979,P ＜ 0.05),but age and gender had no influence on survival states (Wald =2.426 and 0.833,P ＞ 0.05).Survival curve analysis showed that the median smvival time was 34.50 months in the patients followed up.Conclusion The expression level of HtrA2 can be beneficial for the diagnosis,treatment and prognostic evaluation of AML.

Objective To observe the characteristics of the spatial vertical direction in the view of 0? endoscope with the elevation angle(between the endoscope and nasal bottom)unchanged,and to provide the basis for operations.Methods The ideal model of nasal cavity was designed and observed with the 0? rod-lens telescope.Space of the model in the visual field of endoscope with 30? or 45? elevation angle produced was simulated by SketchUp software.Then ten lines(perpendicular to the horizontal planes,distributed in different plane and in the same side of the visual vertical line)were drawn randomly and named as Ln(n=1-10)respectively.A point was randomly selected and a vertical line was drawn and assigned as b line.The position of b line in the visual view of endoscope with a 30? elevation angle was named as A1B1.The relationship of positions of Ln with A1B1 were observed when the distances of endoscope entering the model were changed and the endoscope was moved parallelly.When the point A1 was on the b line in visual view of endoscope with 45? elevation angle,the position of b line was named for A1B2.The relationship of positions of Ln with A1B2 were observed when the distances of endoscope entering the model were changed and the endoscope was moved parallelly.The position of A1B1 was compared with A1B2.Results When the distances of endoscope entering the model were changed and the endoscope was moved parallelly,the superposition of Ln with A1B1 and A1B2 could be observed in visual view with 30? and 45? endoscopic elevation angle.The positions of A1B1 and A1B2 were not in superimposition.Conclusion The spatial vertical directions in the view of the endoscope are correlated with the elevation angle but not correlated with the distance of endoscope entering the model and parallel movements of the endoscope.This finding may be helpful for the endoscopic operations.

80%). The resulting bulk cultures were mainly comprised of a CD56~- subset of ??T cells. The expression of V?1, V?2 and V?3 gene families in the ex vivo multiplied ??T cells from TIL and PBMC of patients with NPC, and PBMC of normal control was demonstrated by RT-PCR. Conclusion The ??TIL of NPC can be multiplied in vitro for the first time. The subsets (V?1, V?2 and V?3) of ??T cells from PBMC of healthy individuals, PBMC and TIL of patients with NPC, can also be multiplied in vitro, and the experiment lays an experimental foundation of using ??T cells for the cellular adoptive therapy in patients with NPC.