OBJECTIVE To verify the relationship between the incidence and habitual head position in bed in posterior semicircular canal benign paroxysmal positional vertigo(PSC-BPPV), and to provide practical information for the prevention and treatment of BPPV.METHODS There were 208 patients with PSC-BPPV were included in this study. The relationship of affected semicircular canals in PSC-BPPV patients and the habitual head positions in bed were analyzed.RESULTS There were 125 patients who had always taken the same position (right side lying in 85 cases, left side lying in 40 cases), and 83 cases in different positions. The affected PSC-BPPV were consonant with the head positions (Kappa=0.401). With Spearman correlation analysis, we can find that there was correlation between the affected PSC-BPPV and the head position(r=0.203) and age(r=-0.179,P<0.05), but there were no significant correlation with gender.CONCLUSION Habitual head position causes otoliths deposit in PSC at the lowest level during bedrest, and was one of the main factors leading to the ipsilateral PSC-BPPV.

Objective To analyze the changes of thyroid function of healthy primipara before 20 weeks of gestation to establish normal gestational age-specific reference interval of thyroid hormones,and to investigate the prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders during the first half of pregnancy.Methods A total of 1605 healthy primipara without risk factors of thyroid diseases before 20 gestational weeks and 200 non-pregnant healthy women who accepted pre-conception care in Beijing Friendship Hospital from September 2010 to June 2011 were tested for serum thyroid stimulating hormone (TSH),free thyroxine (FT4) and thyroid peroxidase antihody (TPOAb) by chemiluminometric immunoanalysis.One thousand two hundred and fourty-three pregnant women among them with negative thyroid antibooly and without previons thyroid diseases were selected as the standard population for normal interval.Gestational age-specific percentile categories for TSH and FT4 were calculated.The prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders was examined by gestational agespecific intervals.Results (1) Compared with non-pregnant women,the median value of serum TSH in pregnant women decreased by 29.56％ to the value of 0.91 mU/L; while that of FT4 rose by 7.79％ to the value of 11.33 pmol/L before 12 weeks; and TSH increased while FT4 decreased during 13 to 20 weeks.(2) The median values and reference intervals (2.5th percentile,97.5th percentile) for TSH were 1.59 mU/L (0.15 mU/L,5.19 mU/L) in no-pregnant women,1.12 mU/L (0.03 mU/L,3.67 mU/L) at 8-12+6 gestational weeks,1.21 mU/L (0.05 mU/L,3.74 mU/L) at 13-16+6 gestational weeks,1.50 mU/L (0.31 mU/L,4.33 mU/L) at 17-19+6 gestational weeks; and the median values and reference intervals (2.5th percentile,97.5th percentile) for FT4 were 9.91 pmol/L (6.69 pmol/L,14.03 pmol/L),10.68 pmol/L (7.98 pmol/L,18.66 pmol/L),10.04 pmol/L (6.18 pmol/L,16.22 pmol/L),9.40 pmol/L (6.44 pmol/L,13.51 pmol/L) respectively.(3) According to gestational age-specific reference intervals,the general prevalence of maternal thyroid disorders,including hyperthyroidism,hypothyroidism,subclinical hypothyroidism and hypothyroinemia,was 3.55％ (57/1606).At 8-12+6 gestational weeks,13-16+6 gestational weeks and 17 19+6 gestational weeks,the occurrence of hyperthyroidism was 0.00％,0.13％ and 0.00％;that of hypothyroidism was 0.00％,0.13％ and 0.00％; the incidence of subclinical hypothyroidism was 3.60％,2.76％ and 3.00％; the occurrence of hypothyroxinemia was 0.16％,0.26％ and 0.86％,respectively.The positive rate of TPOAb at 8-12+6,13-16+6 and 17-19+6 gestational weeks were 22.91％ (140/611),16.56％ (126/761) and 15.45％(36/233),and the total positive rate of TPOAb was 18.82％ (302/1605).The median level of TPOAb was 38.90,41.87 and 39.10 mU/L,respectively.Conclusions Before 20 gestational weeks,specific changes occur in maternal thyroid function.TSH level decreases during 8 to 12 gestational weeks,and then increases gradually; while FT4 level increases during 8 to 12 weeks,and then decreases gradually.Thyroid dysfunction during pregnancy is common and subclinical hypothyroidisum is the leading problem in thyroid disorders.Screening for thyroid function during early pregnancy is suggested.

OBJECTIVE:To explore the effect of prophylactic use of vitamin B6 with chlorpheniramine on the adverse reactions in fundus fluorescein angiography (FFA). METHODS:326 patients with FFA were randomly divided into observation group and control group. Observation group was orally given Vitamin B6 tablet 10 mg 30 min before angiography+Chlorpheniramine maleate tablet 4 mg;control group was orally given Metoclopramide tablet 10 mg+Chlorpheniramine maleate tablet 4 mg. The occurrence time and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups were observed and correlation analysis was conducted. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the occurrence time of adverse reactions between 2 groups(P>0.05);the incidence of adverse reactions in observation group was significantly lower than control group,the difference was statistically significant(P<0.05). The correlation analysis of adverse reactions in control group showed the occurrence of adverse reactions had no correlation with age and gender of patients(P>0.05). CONCLUSIONS:Prophylactic use of vitamin B6 with chlorphenir arnine can reduce the occurrence of adverse reactions in FFA.

0.05). However, monocrotaline significantly increased WT% and WA% of pulmonary arterioles (WT:39.1%?2.8% vs 50.8%?3.1%, WA:51.2%?3.0% vs 74.5%?2.9%, P

Objective To prospectively evaluate the risk factors of complete resection in early gastric cancer (EGC) with endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD),and to guide the choice of treatment methods.Methods This study prospectively evaluated the endoscopic features of 66 EGCs,including the lesion size,presence or absence of ulceration,the extent of differentiation,invasion depth and entire margins of the EGC,then compared them with postoperative pathologic results and analysed these factors.Results The lesion size of the high grade intmepithelial neoplasia (H) group and the intramucosal carcinoma (M) group were mainly less than 30 mm (90.9％ vs.88.5％),but 57.1％ of the submucosal carcinoma (SM) were more than 30 mm.There was a significant difference between any two of three groups (P ＜ 0.05).Fourteen EGCs who got ulceration without invasion beyond mucosal muscularis underwent ESD successfully,and the basal or dissected margin had no residual tumor cells confirmed pathologically.And no tumor cell infiltration or lymph node metastasis was discovered.Of 45 EGCs with ESD,the underestimation rate for horizontal extent determined by white light and chromoendoscopy was higher than that of magnifying endoscopy with narrow-band imaging (ME-NBI) (15.6％ vs.2.2％,P ＜0.05).Diagnostic accuracy for the extent of differenciation by conventional endoscopy was 93.9％ (31/32,P ＞ 0.1),but it's unable to determine the extent of differentiation by ME-NBI.The accuracy of the group H was 84.8％ (28/33),that of M was 57.7％ (15/26),that of SM was 71.4％ (5/7),and there was a significant difference between group H and group M (P ＜ 0.05).Conclusion To achieve complete resection of EGC with ESD,the lesion more than 30 mm,presence of ulceration,undifferentiated type,deep infiltration should be considered as the risk factors,and it's also important to identify the horizontal extent of EGC to avoid unnecessary operation.

Objective To explore the effects and related mechanism of Exendin-4 on secretion of extracellular matrix in high glucose-induced glomerular mesangial cells(GMCs). Methods GMCs were incubated in medium with glucose or Exendin-4 for the four groups: normal glucose group(NG group): cells were treated in medium with 5.6 mmol/L glucose; NG with Exendin-4 treatment group(NGE group): cells were treated with 5.6 mmol/L glucose and Exendin-4; high glucose group(HG group): cells were cultured with 30 mmol/L glucose; HG with Exendin-4 treatment group(HGE group): cells were treated with 30 mmol/L glucose and Exendin-4 at concentration of 3, 5, 10, 15, 30 nmol/L separately, which were cultured for 12, 24, 48 hours. GMCs treated with Exendin-4 were determined by assessing proliferation using a CCK8 method. The levels of fibronectin(FN), collagen type Ⅳ(Col-Ⅳ)in the cell supernatant were measured using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay(ELISA). The gene levels of Col-Ⅳ, FN, and expression of inflammatory mediators including monocyte chemotactic protein 1(MCP-1), tumor necrosis factor-α(TNF-α), intercellular cell adhesion molecule-1(ICAM-1), transforming growth factor-β1(TGF-β1)were evaluated using reverse transcription PCR(RT-PCR); The expression of nuclear transcription factor-κB(NF-κB), glucagon-like peptide-l receptor(GLP-1R), and phosphorylation levels of mitogen-activated protein kinases(MAPKs)were evaluated by Western blot. Results(1)After treatment with 10 nmol/L Exendin-4 for 24 hour, the proliferation rate of GMCs was significantly decreased compared with 3 nmol/L, 5 nmol/L Exendin-4 treatment(P<0.05), while there was no difference compared with 15 nmol/L, 30 nmol/L Exendin-4 treatment(both P>0.05). (2)The gene expression of FN, Col-Ⅳ and the inflammatory mediators, MCP-1, TNF-α, ICAM-1, TGF-β1 in HG group were significantly increased compared with the NG group,(all P<0.05). After treatment with Exendin-4, the levels of FN, Col-Ⅳ and the gene expression of TNF-α, MCP-1, ICAM-1, TGF-β1 were decreased(all P<0.05). (3)Compared with NG group, the expression of NF-κB and the phosphorylation of extracellular regulated protein kinases(p-Erk1/2), Jun N-terminal kinase(p-JNK)and, p38MAPK(p-p38MAPK)in the group of HG group were increased significantly, accompanied by the decrease of GLP-1R protein level(all P<0.05). Importantly, Exendin-4 treatment significantly reduced protein expression of p-Erk1/2, p-JNK, and NF-κB(all P<0.05), and the level of GLP-1R protein increased(P<0.05). Furthermore, specific Erk1/2, JNK or NF-κB inhibitors markedly blocked Exendin-4-mediated decrease in the levels of FN, Col-Ⅳ. Conclusion Exendin-4 treatment inhibits the secretion of extracellular matrix potentially through Erk1/2, JNK/NF-κB signaling in higher glucose induced GMCs.

BACKGROUND:Screening of fare blood types has been successively implemented and completed in Europe, America and Japan, but there is a large gap in China. Previous studies have mainly focused on the southern Han populations, and little is reported on PCR-SSP systematic analysis of gene frequencies of rare blood groups in Xinjiang Uygur populations. OBJECTIVE:To investigate the gene frequency distribution of RBC MNS, Duffy, Kel, Dombrock, Diego, Kidd, Scianna, Colton and Lutheran blood groups from Xinjiang Uygur populations, thereby providing a strategic support for human population genetics and clinical blood deployment. METHODS:PCR-SSP method was used to make genotyping and statistical analysis in 158 Xinjiang Uygur persons from nine rare blood groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Gene frequencies of these nine rare blood groups were M=0.579 1, N=0.420 9, S=0.174 3, s=0.800 9, Fya=0.699 4, Fyb=0.300 6, K1=0.015 8, K2=0.984 2, Doa=0.234 2, Dob=0.765 8, Dia=0.047 4, Dib=0.952 6, JKa=0.541 2, JKb=0.452 6, Sc1=1.000, Sc2=0, Coa=0.994, Cob=0.005 9, Lua=0, Lub=1.000, Aua=0.810 2, Aub=0.189 9. Results from chi-square test showed that the observed value and expected value of genotypes were in line with the law of Hardy-Weinberg equilibrium (P > 0.05), and in the MNS blood group of Xinjiang Uygur population, it was rarely found that S-s- frequency was 0.025 3 in four cases and Jka-b- frequency was 0.006 3 in one case. This study demonstrates that the frequency distribution of MNS, Duffy, Dombrock and Diego blood groups in the Xinjiang Uygur population, with its own unique frequency distribution characteristics, is different from that in other ethnic populations; the gene distribution of Kel, Kidd and Colton blood groups shows either similarity or difference between the Xinjiang Uygur population and reported Tibet and Han populations; Scianna and Lutheran blood groups show a monomorphic distribution in the Xinjiang Uygur population, which is similar to that in the Tibet and Han populations. These findings provide the basic data for exploring the origin and evolution, ethnic hematology and construction of rare blood database of the Xinjiang Uygur population. Cite this article:Lin GY, Du XL, Shan JJ, Zhang YN, Zhang YQ, Zhang YZ.Molecular genetic analysis of genes from MNS, Duffy and Kel blood groups in the China Xinjiang Uygur population. Zhongguo Zuzhi Gongcheng Yanjiu. 2016;20(1):123-127.

Objective Survey of Guangxi Traditional Chinese Medicine hospital hand hygiene facilities at all levels was made with improvement measures proposed.Methods Hand Hygiene Norms for Medical Workers questionnaires designed by the Ministry of Health was used in a field survey on hand hygiene facilities of 89 TCM hospitals in Guangxi.Results Facilities of the non-hand-touch taps,hand sanitizer and hand disinfectants were found satisfactory at key departments at all TCM hospitals in the region,yet poor performance with the hand drying facilities.Hospitals with such departments with non-hand-touch taps,hand sanitizer and hand disinfectants accounted for 93.3％,100.0％ and 100.0％.Only 41.6％ of the hospitals were found to use dry hand towels as drying facilities.Significant difference was found at various levels of hospitals' hand hygiene facilities.Conclusion The hand hygiene facilities at such hospitals in Guangxi are receiving growing attention,yet further investment is still required for further improvement and compliance of the medical staff in hand hygiene.

Objective To establish a molecular typing system of Staphylococcus aureus by using resolution melting for food-poi-soning fast tracing.Methods Primers were designed and synthesized according to the literature of VNTR in Staphylococcus au-reus ,and were used to perform molecular typing on the strains which had detected by PFGE,then 4 types of VNTRs were with higher discriminatory power were selected.On this basis,we established a molecular typing system for the detection of 59 Staphy-lococcus aureus isolated from food poisoning.Results The molecular typing system has good precision for detection.The standard deviation(s)of within-batch repetitive experiments were 0.03 -0.05 ℃,between-batch repetitive experiments were 0.04 -0.06℃,between-day repetitive experiments were 0.04-0.06 ℃.At the same time,the 59 strains of Staphylococcus aureus were divided into 19 types which were 11 epidemic clones and 8 sporadic clones.The correlation coefficient of Simpson was 0.916 4.Conclusion The molecular typing system for Staphylococcus aureus based on resolution melting was simple,fast and repeatable.It can be ap-plied to fast tracing and screen of Staphylococcus aureus in food poisoning.

Objective To study the influencing factors for outcomes of gastric low-grade intraepithelial neoplasia ( LGIN) for better LGIN treatment regimen. Methods Using magnifying endoscopy combined with narrow-band imaging ( ME-NBI ) follow-up strategy, the endoscopic features of 47 cases of LGIN in Fujian Provincial Hospital, including location, size, surface situation, demarcation line, microvascular pattern and microsurface pattern, were prospectively observed, then the factors influencing the outcome were analyzed. Results Among the 47 cases of LGIN, there were 35 cases in stable condition, whose results of biopsy and ME-NBI had no changes (stable LGIN), and the mean follow-up time was 20. 7±6. 9 months. The remaining 12 patients had progressive dysplasia (progressive LGIN), including 4 cases of high-grade intraepithelial neoplasia, and 8 cases of moderate dysplasia. The mean follow-up time was 16. 3 ± 11. 8 months. There were no significant differences between the two groups in gender (P=0. 33), mean age (P=0. 13), lesion distribution (P=0. 70), and lesion morphology (P=0. 97). The lesion size was less than 20 mm in the stable group ( 71. 4％, 25/35) , and over 20 mm in the progressive group ( 66. 7％, 8/12) , and the difference was statistically significant ( P=0. 02) . The proportion of the lesion surface heterogeneity in the progressive group was significantly higher than that in the stable group[75. 0％ (9/12) VS 34. 3％ (12/35),P= 0. 01 ] . The proportion of positive manifestations under ME-NBI in the progressive group was also significantly higher than that in the stable group [ 83. 3％ ( 10/12 ) VS 8. 6％ ( 3/35 ) , P = 0. 00 ] . Conclusion The size of lesions over 20 mm, the uneven surface and positive ME-NBI are the important factors influencing the outcome of LGIN, which are of significance for the diagnosis and treatment of LGIN.