Objective: To isolate and purify the polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis, and analyze its structure. Methods:Cordyceps sinensis was cultured by a liquid fermentation method. A water-extraction and alcohol-precipitation method was applied to ex-tract polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis fermentation liquor (EPS) and polysaccharide from Cordyceps sinensis mycelium (IPS). Sephadex gel chromatography was applied to isolate and purify the polysaccharide. The purity and relative molecular weight of the poly-saccharide were determined by a gel filtration method. The monosaccharide composition of the polysaccharide was identified by GC. The content of uronic acid was analyzed by sulfuric acid carbazole method. Results: The analysis results showed that the molecular weight of EPS was 78kDa. The content of polysaccharide and uronic acid was 94. 8% and 6. 0%, respectively. EPS was composed of mannose,glucose and galactose with the molar ratio of 4. 5∶8. 0∶1. 0. The molecular weight of IPS was 42kDa. The content of polysac-charide and uronic acid was 92. 5% and 4. 5%, respectively. IPS was composed of mannose,glucose and galactose with the molar ratio of 2. 8∶3. 0∶1. 0. Conclusion:Both polysaccharide EPS and IPS in Cordyceps sinensis are heteropolysaccharide.

Objective To evaluate the clinical application of helical CT 3D reconstruction technique in the dental orthopaedics. Methods The helical CT was performed with 3.0 mm slice thickness and 1.0 pitch in 41 patients with dental orthopaedics. The 3D reconstructions, including maximum intensity projection (MIP), surface shaded display (SSD), and multiplanar reconstructions (MPR), were made for all the cases. Results Thirty-seven of the 41 patients showed malalignment, tilt, rotation, overlap of the teeth and the different space between the longitudinal axes of the teeth. Twenty-five cases of them have shown 36 buried teeth in all. The axial images covered all the information. SSD demonstrated the external contours and entire morphologies of the teeth and the mandible with the relationship of the teeth alignment and the mandible. MIP clearly manifested the full view and the longitudinal alignment of the teeth. Among the 36 buried teeth, there were 29 palatally and 7 labially presented teeth, and they were morphologically delineated on MIP through various angles. Conclusion The helical CT 3D reconstruction is a new technique to display the stereoscopic configuration of teeth. The combination of axial images and MIP, SSD, and MPR provides valuable anatomic and diagnostic information helpful for the surgeons to structure and determine the treatment protocol for the dental orthopaedics.

Objective To study the preparation and the in vitro and in vivo release profile of GH-Chitosan-Alginate microcapsules.Methods GH-Chitosan-Alginate microcapsules were prepared through impulsive electrostatic technique.The interrelated factors influencing the diameter and sphericity were studied through orthogonal experiments,and finally the statistic analysis made sure the optimum conditions to prepare microspheres.The morphology and size of the microcapsules were observed,and the content,encapsulation efficiency and recovery efficiency of the microcapsules were measured.Moreover,their in vitro and in vivo release experiments were carried out.Results The results showed that the diameter of needle was the most significant factor to the diameter of microspheres.The optimum conditions for the least diameter of microspheres were 450?m diameter of needle,2cm from needle tips to the gelation surfaee,1.5% alginate concentration,8ml/h speed of flowing-liquid and metal containers.The microcapsules had good sphericity morphology and distribution.The size of the microcapsules was in the range of 10-25?m with an average size of 47.93?m.The encapsulation efficiency and GH-load of the microcapsules were 94% and 11.24% respectively.The release kinetics of microcapsules was studied in false gastric and intestines juice.In false gastric juice,the GH of microcapsules was not released;in false intestines juice,it was released well,and TAM was completely released after about 12h.in vivo release profile made sure that the serum GH level of GH microcapsule group was at the highest value(98.59ng/ml) at 8h.The release profile was fitted well in both in vitro and in vivo conditions.Conclusion GH-Chitosan-Alginate Microcapsules have good morphology and sustained release effect.

OBJECTIVE To study the metallo-?-lactamases of 5 carbapenem resistant Pseudomonas aeruginosa isolates,which were recovered at 2006 in the Third People's Hospital of Yueqing. METHODS K-B method was used to determine the antimicrobial agents susceptibility in 5 isolates. The minimal inhibitive concentrations (MICs) of antimicrobial agents to these strains were determined by agar dilution method. Double disk synergy test was used to detect the metallo-?-lactamase. Molecular screening for blaIMP,blaVIM,and blaSPM was carried out using PCR method. The PCR product was sequenced. RESULTS One out of the 5 carbapenem resistant P. aeruginosa was positive for MBL double disk synergy test,and confirmed to contain blaVIM-2 gene. CONCLUSIONS A blaVIM-2-producing isolate of P. aeruginosa is identified. This carbapenem-resistant isolate is all multi-drug resistant.

Objective The anti-UV-B radiation mechanism of UV-B tolerance strain KFS-9 was studied from the profile of metabolites.Methods The compounds were separated by column chromatography and their structures were elucidated based on GC-MS,LC-TOF-MS,EI-MS and NMR analyses.Results Three unsaturated fatty acids(identified as 9-hexadecenoic acid,9,12-octadecadienoic acid and 11-octadecenoic acid) and 1,2-benzenedicarboxylic acid able to absorb ultraviolet were isolated from the petroleum ether extract of the fermentation liquid of Pantoea agglomerans KFS-9.Fraction(Ⅱ) was isolated from the ethyl acetate extract and was composed of 2,3-butanediol and a series of high unsaturated aroma compounds.Fraction(Ⅱ) had a wide absorption peak,and it could protect E.coli from UV-B damage in some sense.Conclusion Strain KFS-9 produced metabolites that were able to absorb UV to build a natural barrier and so improved the tolerance to UV radiation.The UV-B radiation protection test to the E.coli also showed fraction(Ⅱ) was not the only protector,and there definitely existedother materials and mechanism to protect the strain.

Objective To explore the recurrence of chronic hepatitis B(CHB) after stopping nucleoside (acid) analogue(NAs) and the impact of residual amount of serum hepatitis B virus(HBV) DNA on recurrence. Methods Seventy-nine CHB patients, who received treatment of NAs and achieved standard withdrawal were enrolled in this study. According to lab examination, there were 47 hepatitis B e antigens (HBeAg)-positive patients and 32 HBeAg-negative patients. Meanwhile, 33 CHB patients received lamivudine treatment (LAM group), 27 CHB patients received adefovir treatment (ADV group), and 19 CHB patients received entecavir treatment (ETV group). The biochemical and virological indicators of CHB patients′recurrence would be recorded after 48 weeks. Results There were 43 CHB patients (54.4%), whose indicators of HBV DNA turned positive after discontinuity of treatment with NAs of 48 weeks. There were 27 CHB patients (55.3%), the HBV DNA of whom turned positive among 47 HBeAg-positive patients, and 17 patients(53.1%) among 32 HBeAg-negative patients, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). In addition, the positive conversion rate after stopping treatment with NAs of 48 weeks in LAM group, ADV group and ETV group had no significant difference:54.5%(18/33), 51.9%(14/27), 11/19, P > 0.05. Moreover, there were 36 patients (45.6%) whose index of alanine aminotransferase(ALT) increased again after discontinuity of treatment with NAs of 48 weeks . There were 20 CHB patients (42.6%) in HBeAg-positive patients, and 16 patients (50.0%) in HBeAg-negative patients, and there was no significant difference (P>0.05). The rate of ALT increase again in LAM group, ADV group and ETV group had no significant difference: 48.5%(16/33), 40.7%(11/27), and 9/19, P >0.05. According to the results of serum samples of 79 CHB patients with Roche reagent when stopping using NAs, in 35 CHB patients (44.3%) serum HBV DNA>12 × 103 U/L was detected. However, serum HBV DNA>5 × 105 U/L was detected in 25 CHB patients (71.4%)among 35 patients with serum HBV DNA > 12 × 103 U/L after 48 weeks, and merely in 18 CHB patients (40.9%) among 44 patients with serum HBV DNA < 12 × 103 U/L, and there was significant difference (P < 0.01). Conclusions The CHB patients with standard withdrawal still have high recurrence rate after stopping treating, whatever medicine was used. Then, residual amount of serum HBV DNA is an important indicator for predicting relapse of CHB. Meanwhile, the retreatment of these patients should be researched further.

Objective　To investigate the role of bacterial DNA in systemic inflammatory response syndrome (SIRS). Methods　A total of 100 mice of Kunming species were divided into ten groups: E.coli DNA (30, 20, 10, 5 and 1 mg/kg ), 30 mg/kg of CT DNA, 60Co DNA, DNased DNA, organic residue of DNA extraction and sterile water control. The last two were pre-treated with D-galactoamine (600 mg/kg intra peritoneally). Animals were administratively injected via tail vein. General physical condition and the death rate of mice were observed within 48 h. Results　①Obvious lethal effect of double strand E.coli DNA on mice were observed with a dose-effect correlation, LD50=11.51 mg/kg. ②NO difference in death rate was found in the group of 30 mg/kg E.coli DNA with or without 60Co irradiation (10/10 and 8/10,P>0.05). ③No rats died in the group of DNased DNA, organic residue of DNA extraction and calf thymic DNA (0/10). Conclusion　Bacterial DNA may play an important role in the development of SIRS.

Strict regulation of HIV-1 PR function is critical for efficient production of mature viral particles. During viral protein expression and viral assembly, HIV-1 PR located within Gag-Pol precursor must be inactive to prevent premature cytoplasmic processing of the viral Gag and Gag-Pol precursors. Premature activation of HIV-1 precursors leads to major defects in viral assembly and production of viral particles. A cell-level premature activation of HIV-1 precursors assay using bioluminescence resonance energy transfer (BRET) was established. Three thousand compounds were screened to evaluate this assay. The results showed that the assay is sensitive, specific and stable (Z' factor is 0.905).

The HIV-1 Rev protein facilitates nuclear export of unspliced and singly spliced viral transcripts containing RRE RNA through the CRM1 export pathway. Inhibition of Rev-mediated RNA nuclear export can arrest HIV-1 transcriptional process, which clearly, reveals a target for anti-HIV drug development. In this work, a cell-based assay has been established for screening anti-HIV compounds targeting the Rev-mediated RNA nuclear export. This assay utilized a codon-optimized green fluorescent protein (GFP) as reporter gene, which expression is in a Rev-dependent manner. Any compound that inhibits the Rev-mediated RNA nuclear export is identified by reducing emission of GFP. The Z' score of this model is 0.8220. Three thousands compounds were screened and the positive rate was 9.3% with a cutoff at 50% inhibition. IMB7C7, one of the positive compounds, efficiently inhibits viral production from HIV-1 infected cells.

Objective Neuropsychiatric systemic lupus erythematosus ( SLE) is a common complication of SLE, whose path-ogenesis is not yet clear but associated with the alteration of cerebral blood flow ( CBF) in some studies.This study was to investigate the CBF alteration in SLE patients without overt neuropsychiatric symptoms by arterial spin labeling ( ASL) MRI. Methods Twenty-eight SLE patients without overt neuropsychiatric symptoms and 30 age-and sex-matched healthy controls underwent conventional MRI and ASL examinations, and all received such neuropsychologic tests as number connecting test-A ( NCT-A ) , digit symbol test ( DST ) , self-rating anxiety scale ( SAS ) , and self-rating depression scale ( SDS) .Independent sample-t test was used to detect the mean CBF in the whole brain, gray matter, and white matter of the SLE patients and healthy controls.The voxel-wise CBF maps of the two groups of subjects were further analyzed with the SPM8 software to compare the regional CBF between the two groups, followed by evaluation of the correlation between the regional CBF values and clinical markers. Results In comparison with the healthy controls, the SLE pa-tients showed significantly reduced CBF in the gray matter (40.5 ±3.7 vs 37.3 ±6.5, P=0.028) and the whole brain (38.0 ±3.5 vs 35.1 ±6.1, P=0.032), especially in the supplementary motor area and the adjacent middle cingulate, anterior cingulate, left medial frontal gyrus, left inferior frontal gyrus, and left insula (P<0.05, FWE corrected).The NCT-A score was negatively correlated with the CBF values of the left medial frontal gyrus (r=-0.402, P=0.032) and left inferior frontal gyrus (r=-0.382, P=0.045) of the SLE patients. Conclusion ASL and MRI showed significantly reduced cerebral blood flow in the SLE patient without overt neu-ropsychiatric manifestations, which was correlated with the change of the patient's cognitive function.