Citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine caused by peptidyl arginine deiminase in the presence of calcium ions.Up-regulation of citrullination plays a significant role in the progress of numerous disorders,and it has important physiologic and pathological significance.High-throughput and quantitative methods with high specificity and sensitivity are still needed to identify the citrullinated sites in tissue cells.With the development of chemical derivatization and mass spectrometry, new rapid and accurate proteomics technology still has a good prospect of development and application.This article aimed to provide new ideas and directions to identify the citrullinated sites in the complex biological samples by introducing strategies available to identify citrullinated peptides, such as color development reagent analysis, immunodetection and mass spectrometry.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a class of ancient proteins, catalyzing the first reaction of protein biosynthesis. It has been found that they also participate in a lot of other cellular processes such as editing, tRNA maturation and transfer, RNA cleavage and function as cellular factors. Recent studies showed that some mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are closely related with human diseases. A single point mutation in intervening sequence 2 (IVS2) of human mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase gene causes abnormal cleavage of its transcript, resulting in pontocerebellar hypoplasia. A series of mutations in human mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase gene cause rapid decay of its mRNA or alteration in protein primary sequence, leading to leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation. A single nucleotide polymorphism in human mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. These results further enhance our understanding about the cellular function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and promote studies toward the mechanism and therapy of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-causing mitochondrial diseases.

Aim To study the action mechanism of hyperin(Hyp) on neonatal rat's neuron with anoxia/reoxygenation(A/R).Methods The dissociated neonatal rat brain cells were subjected to 30 min of anoxia or followed 40 min of reoxygenation.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide(NO)in the supernatant were measured.The intracellular free calcium concentration([Ca~(2+)]_i)in brain cells was assayed with Fura 2-AM method.Results Anoxia induced a significant increase of LDH in the supernatant from (62.0±13.0) U·L~(-1)(Sham group)to (116.0±16.6) U·L~(-1)(Control group,P<0.01),and reoxygenation markedly increased LDH and MDA in the supernatant from (45.6±9.2) U·L~(-1) and (9.1±0.9) μmol·L~(-1)(Sham group)to (106.0±17.4) U·L~(-1) and (16.4±2.7) μmol·L~(-1)(Control group,P<0.01),respectively.In the range of 1.0 ～ 16.0 μmol·L~(-1),Hyp markedly and concentration-dependently inhibited anoxia-or reoxygenation-evoked increases of LDH and MDA.1.0～16.0 μmol·L~(-1) Hyp not only inhibited anoxia-induced increase of NO in the supernatant and rise of [Ca~(2+)]_i in brain cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but also attenuated reoxygenation-evoked increases of NO and[Ca~(2+)]_i(P<0.05 or P<0.01),Hyp 16.0 μmol·L~(-1) significantly reduced NO and[Ca~(2+)]_i from (34.4±6.3) μmol·L~(-1) and (640±94) nmol·L~(-1) to (25.0±5.1) μmol·L~(-1) and (331±56) nmol·L~(-1),respectively.Conclusion The protective effect of Hyp on A/R-injured neurons may be related to the inhibition of overload of[Ca~(2+)]_i,NO release and lipid peroxidation.

Objective To explore the changes of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10 levels after laparoscopic or open repair of inguinal hernia in children.Methods Fifty children with inguinal hernia were randomly assigned to laparoscopic repair or open surgery groups(25 in each).In the laparoscopic group(LS group),the hernia sac was closed by ligating the inner ring,while in the open surgery group(OS group),high ligation was performed.The peripheral blood samples of the two groups were collected one day before,immediately after,and one day after the operations.ELISA was used to detect the levels of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10.Results In both the groups,the levels of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10 were significantly increased immediately after the surgeries(LS Group:q=8.508,11.307,and 22.111,P0.05),while in the OS group,the levels remained significantly higher(q=3.845,10.599,and 11.379,P

Objective To compare the artery function of male and female of all age groups in healthy Shenyang population . Methods By using CVProfilor DO 2020,we measured non-invasively the large artery elasticity index (C1) and small artery elasticity index (C2) of male and female of all age groups in healthy Shenyang population. Results CVProfilor DO-2020 showed C1 was obviously higher than C2 in healthy Shenyang population(P0 05);The results of a second DO-2020 measurement had no significant difference in short term. Conclusion The large artery elasticity was obviously higher than that of small artery.The elasticity of both large and small artery decreased with increasing age .The large artery elasticity of females is a little lower than that of males .There is no difference in small artery elasticity between the male and female.DO-2020 measuring repeated stably.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effecacy and safety of using cefotaxime using different doses in perioprative period on the prevention of postoperative infection of lung cancer resection. METHODS:61 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who re-ceived lung cancer resection were retrospectively analyzed divided into cefotaxime 2 g group(26 cases) and cefotaxime 4 g group (35 cases)according to dosage. Cefotaxime 2 g group was treated with Cefotaxime for injetion 2 g 30 min before operation,add-ing into 0.9% sodium chloride injection 100 ml,by intravenous infusion,if the operation time was more than 3 h,cefotaxime 2 g was intravenously infused during operation and cefotaxime 2 g was intravenously infused after operation,interval of 12 h was re-quired for preoperative and postoperative medication time and the total medication time was no more than 48 h. Cefotaxime 4 g group was treated with Cefotaxime for injection 4 g(the usage was the same as cefotaxime 2 g group). Leukocyte,hemoglobin,al-bumin,infection rate and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups before and after operation were observed. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the infection rates between 2 groups(P>0.05). Leukocyte,hemoglobin and albumin in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),however,there was no significant dif-ference between 2 groups(P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Small dose of ce-fotaxime has good prevention effect on the postoperative infection of non-small cell lung cancer,with good safety,which meets the principles of rational use of antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the characteristics and antibiotics resistance of nosocomial infection caused by Stenotrophomonas maltophilia after open-heart operation.METHODS The clinical data of 324 patients with microbiologically documented nosocomial infection from Jan 2004 to Dec 2006 were retrospectively analyzed.RESULTS There were 34 infected cases caused by S.maltophilia,and accounted for 10.5% of all infections during the same period.All infected patients had serious original heart diseases,and received previous glucocorticoids and broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy.Thirty patients prolonged mechanical ventilation time for over 2 weeks.Results of susceptibility test showed that trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole,ticarcillin-clavulanic acid and levofloxacin were the most active antibiotics,followed by ceftazidime and ciprofloxacin.S.maltophilia presented high resistantce to carbopenems and aminoglycoside antibiotics.CONCLUSIONS Nosocomial S.maltophilia infection is associated with the severity of preoperative underlying heart diseases,prolonged mechanical ventilation and longer period of broad-spectrum antibiotic therapy,especially carbopenems antibiotics.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance rates of Gram negative bacilli and the distribution of ?-lactamases in hospital infections(HI) or community acquired infections(CAI) in Tongling.METHODS Antimicrobial(susceptibility)(test) was done on 356 strains of Gram negative bacilli isolated in Tongling from Oct 2003 to Sep 2004 by Kirby-Bauer method.The detection of ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases was performed by three-dimensional test,MBL by the double-disk synergy test.RESULTS Among total 356 strains of Gram negative bacilli,267 were with HI(53.9%) isolated from sputum of patients,89(34.8%) were(isolated) from CAI patients and urine.The antimicrobial susceptibility rates of Gram negative bacilli from CAI patients was significantly higher than that from HI patients,for Acinetobacter baumannii they were 1.5 to 3.0,for(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were 1.2 to 1.6.No strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found resistant to imipenem.Among 356 Gram negative bacilli,77 strains hyperproducing ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases,the detection rate was 21.6%, 69 strains were isolated from HI patients,and 8 strains were from CAI patients.From strains resistant to imipenem had 13 strains detected MBL,the detection rate was 52.0%.All of them were isolated from HI patients.CONCLUSIONS The resistance of Gram negative(bacilli) is a serious problem in Tongling.The antimicrobial(susceptibility) rates of Gram negative bacilli from CAI patients are significantly higher than those from HI patients.Gram negative bacilli produce all kinds of(?-lactamases,) such as ESBLs,AmpC(?-lactamases) and MBL.

OBJECTIVE To study the resistance of Acinetobacter baumannii in our hospital and the relation with ADC ?-lactmases.METHODS Antibiotic susceptibility testing was determined by K-B methods to 115 A.baumannii strains,and three dimensional extract testing was performed to detect the ADC ?-lactmases-producing strains,blaADC gene was detected by PCR methods,and the MIC of ceftazidime,et al were determined in the presence of cloxacillin(500 mg/L) in 30 A.baumannii strains detected.RESULTS The resistance to imipenem and cefoperazone/sulbactam was below 10.4%,to other antibiotic resistance was over 54%;the multiresistance strains were 59%.ADC ?-lactmases and blaADC genes were all positive and the MIC of ceftazidime,et al except cefepime was decreased over eight-fold in the presence of cloxacillin for multiresistant A.baumannii,but not for non-multiresistant A.baumannii.CONCLUSIONS The resistance of A.baumannii is very serious in our hospital,ADC ?-lactmases-producing strains are related markedly with the multiresistance of A.baumannii.

Objective To analysis the effects of Ang-(1-7) on the blood brain barrier permeability after subarachnoid hemor-rhage .Methods SAH-rats were produced by two times injection of blood into cisterna magna .Evans blue was used to detect the the permeability of SAH-rats brains and brain water content .RT-PCR and Western blot were performed to measure the expression of adhesion protein ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in brains of SAH-rats .The artificial hemorrhagic cerebrospinal fluid (BCSF) was used to stimulate vascular endothelial cells (HBMEC) ,and the proliferation and apoptosis of HBMEC cell were analyzed .Results Ang-(1-7) reduced the content of Evans blue and brain water in brains of SAH-rats in dose and time dependent manner with the most sig-nificant change under the treatment of 10 - 5 mol/L Ang-(1-7) for 24 h (P< 0 .05) .Under the above condition ,the mRNA and pro-tein levels of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in brains of SAH-rats were significantly up-regulated (P< 0 .05) ,while the content of Evans blue in HBMEC cells stimulated by BCSF was obviously reduced .Besides ,Ang-(1-7) was observed to increase the expression of ICAM-1 and VCAM-1 in BCSF-stimulated HBMEC cells ,enhance the proliferation of HBMEC cells but reduce their apoptosis . Conclusion Ang-(1-7) plays a protective role in the blood-brain barrier damage induced by subarachnoid hemorrhage .