Citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine caused by peptidyl arginine deiminase in the presence of calcium ions.Up-regulation of citrullination plays a significant role in the progress of numerous disorders,and it has important physiologic and pathological significance.High-throughput and quantitative methods with high specificity and sensitivity are still needed to identify the citrullinated sites in tissue cells.With the development of chemical derivatization and mass spectrometry, new rapid and accurate proteomics technology still has a good prospect of development and application.This article aimed to provide new ideas and directions to identify the citrullinated sites in the complex biological samples by introducing strategies available to identify citrullinated peptides, such as color development reagent analysis, immunodetection and mass spectrometry.

Aim To study the action mechanism of hyperin(Hyp) on neonatal rat's neuron with anoxia/reoxygenation(A/R).Methods The dissociated neonatal rat brain cells were subjected to 30 min of anoxia or followed 40 min of reoxygenation.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide(NO)in the supernatant were measured.The intracellular free calcium concentration([Ca~(2+)]_i)in brain cells was assayed with Fura 2-AM method.Results Anoxia induced a significant increase of LDH in the supernatant from (62.0±13.0) U·L~(-1)(Sham group)to (116.0±16.6) U·L~(-1)(Control group,P<0.01),and reoxygenation markedly increased LDH and MDA in the supernatant from (45.6±9.2) U·L~(-1) and (9.1±0.9) μmol·L~(-1)(Sham group)to (106.0±17.4) U·L~(-1) and (16.4±2.7) μmol·L~(-1)(Control group,P<0.01),respectively.In the range of 1.0 ～ 16.0 μmol·L~(-1),Hyp markedly and concentration-dependently inhibited anoxia-or reoxygenation-evoked increases of LDH and MDA.1.0～16.0 μmol·L~(-1) Hyp not only inhibited anoxia-induced increase of NO in the supernatant and rise of [Ca~(2+)]_i in brain cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but also attenuated reoxygenation-evoked increases of NO and[Ca~(2+)]_i(P<0.05 or P<0.01),Hyp 16.0 μmol·L~(-1) significantly reduced NO and[Ca~(2+)]_i from (34.4±6.3) μmol·L~(-1) and (640±94) nmol·L~(-1) to (25.0±5.1) μmol·L~(-1) and (331±56) nmol·L~(-1),respectively.Conclusion The protective effect of Hyp on A/R-injured neurons may be related to the inhibition of overload of[Ca~(2+)]_i,NO release and lipid peroxidation.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a class of ancient proteins, catalyzing the first reaction of protein biosynthesis. It has been found that they also participate in a lot of other cellular processes such as editing, tRNA maturation and transfer, RNA cleavage and function as cellular factors. Recent studies showed that some mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are closely related with human diseases. A single point mutation in intervening sequence 2 (IVS2) of human mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase gene causes abnormal cleavage of its transcript, resulting in pontocerebellar hypoplasia. A series of mutations in human mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase gene cause rapid decay of its mRNA or alteration in protein primary sequence, leading to leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation. A single nucleotide polymorphism in human mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. These results further enhance our understanding about the cellular function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and promote studies toward the mechanism and therapy of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-causing mitochondrial diseases.

Objective To explore the changes of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10 levels after laparoscopic or open repair of inguinal hernia in children.Methods Fifty children with inguinal hernia were randomly assigned to laparoscopic repair or open surgery groups(25 in each).In the laparoscopic group(LS group),the hernia sac was closed by ligating the inner ring,while in the open surgery group(OS group),high ligation was performed.The peripheral blood samples of the two groups were collected one day before,immediately after,and one day after the operations.ELISA was used to detect the levels of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10.Results In both the groups,the levels of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10 were significantly increased immediately after the surgeries(LS Group:q=8.508,11.307,and 22.111,P0.05),while in the OS group,the levels remained significantly higher(q=3.845,10.599,and 11.379,P

Objective To compare the artery function of male and female of all age groups in healthy Shenyang population . Methods By using CVProfilor DO 2020,we measured non-invasively the large artery elasticity index (C1) and small artery elasticity index (C2) of male and female of all age groups in healthy Shenyang population. Results CVProfilor DO-2020 showed C1 was obviously higher than C2 in healthy Shenyang population(P0 05);The results of a second DO-2020 measurement had no significant difference in short term. Conclusion The large artery elasticity was obviously higher than that of small artery.The elasticity of both large and small artery decreased with increasing age .The large artery elasticity of females is a little lower than that of males .There is no difference in small artery elasticity between the male and female.DO-2020 measuring repeated stably.

Objective To investigate the effect of mitogen activated protein kinase / extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK / ERK)1 / 2 signaling pathway on early brain injury (EBI)following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)in rats. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a 1,6,12,24,48,or 72 h group after SAH modeling. SAH + MEK inhibitor U0126 was used to intervene the 24,48,and 72 h groups (a total of 10 groups;n = 6 in each group). In
addition to the control group,blood was injected into the cisterna magna of the rats to induce a SAH model in another 9groups. The blood samples were taken from infraorbital venous plexus. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA)was used to detect the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-1β,and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in each group. Evans blue content in brain tissue was used to evaluate the blood-brain barrier damage. Western blot was used to detect the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/ 2)and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)proteins in basilar artery tissue,and compared them. Results Compared with the control group at the same time points,there were significant differences in the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β at 6,12,24,48,and 72h after modeling in the SAH group (all P <0. 05). At 12,24, 48,and 72 h after modeling,the expression levels of p-ERK1/ 2 protein of the basilar artery tissue of the SAH group were 0. 73 ± 0. 09,0. 85 ± 0. 12,0. 94 ± 0. 09,and 0. 96 ± 0. 09,respectively,they were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P < 0. 05). At 48 and 72 h after modeling in the SAH group,the level of MMP-9 protein was significantly higher than that in the control group (1. 27 ± 0. 15 vs. 0. 68 ± 0. 08,2. 41 ± 0. 11 vs. 0. 71 ± 0. 14). At 72 h after modeling,the Evans blue content in brain tissue of the SAH group was significantly higher than that of the control group (15. 3 ± 2. 2 μg/ g vs. 2. 7 ± 0. 4 μg/ g). After giving the MEK inhibitor U0126 intervention,the levels of serum IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α at 24,48, and 72 h after modeling,and the expression levels of p-ERK1 / 2 and MMP-9 proteins at 48 and 72 h (p-ERK1 / 2:0. 76 ± 0. 07,0. 81 ± 0. 06;MMP-9:0. 92 ± 0. 14,1. 79 ± 0. 16),and the Evans blue content (8. 9 ± 1. 7 μg / g)in brain tissue at 72 h after modeling were significantly lower than those of the SAH group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The MEK/ ERK1/ 2 signal pathway may be closely associated with the inflammatory reaction and blood-brain barrier damage after SAH,which suggests that the intervention of the MEK/ ERK1 / 2 signal pathway may be a potential target for the prevention of early brain injury after SAH.

OBJECTIVE:To observe the effecacy and safety of using cefotaxime using different doses in perioprative period on the prevention of postoperative infection of lung cancer resection. METHODS:61 patients with non-small cell lung cancer who re-ceived lung cancer resection were retrospectively analyzed divided into cefotaxime 2 g group(26 cases) and cefotaxime 4 g group (35 cases)according to dosage. Cefotaxime 2 g group was treated with Cefotaxime for injetion 2 g 30 min before operation,add-ing into 0.9% sodium chloride injection 100 ml,by intravenous infusion,if the operation time was more than 3 h,cefotaxime 2 g was intravenously infused during operation and cefotaxime 2 g was intravenously infused after operation,interval of 12 h was re-quired for preoperative and postoperative medication time and the total medication time was no more than 48 h. Cefotaxime 4 g group was treated with Cefotaxime for injection 4 g(the usage was the same as cefotaxime 2 g group). Leukocyte,hemoglobin,al-bumin,infection rate and incidence of adverse reactions in 2 groups before and after operation were observed. RESULTS:There was no significant difference in the infection rates between 2 groups(P>0.05). Leukocyte,hemoglobin and albumin in 2 groups were significantly lower than before,the differences were statistically significant(P<0.05),however,there was no significant dif-ference between 2 groups(P>0.05). There were no obvious adverse reactions during treatment. CONCLUSIONS:Small dose of ce-fotaxime has good prevention effect on the postoperative infection of non-small cell lung cancer,with good safety,which meets the principles of rational use of antibiotics.

BACKGROUND:It is a great potential study that calcium sulfate product loaded with antibiotics is developed, but this product is not systematicaly studied and its biocompatibility and security need to be further studied.
OBJECTIVE:To evaluate the biocompatibility and safety of vancomycin- or gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate bone.
METHODS: (1) Hemolysis test: vancomycin-loaded, gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, double distiled water and saline were added into rabbit anticoagulant blood samples. (2) Micronucleus test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, cyclophosphamide and normal saline solution were intraperitonealy injected to mice, respectively. (3) Acute toxicity test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts, and normal saline solution were intraperitonealy injected to mice, respectively. (4) Pyrogen test: the mice were injected vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extractsvia the ear vein. (5) Intradermal stimulation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts were respectively injected into the unilateral spine of rabbits, respectively. (6) Intramuscular implantation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate extracts were respectively injected to the dorsal muscle of rabbits. (7) Intraosseous implantation test: vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate were implanted into the necrotic femoral bone of rabbits.
RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Both vancomycin-loaded and gentamicin-loaded calcium sulfate products, which have no hemolytic reaction, genetic toxicity, acute toxicity, pyrogen reaction and skin irritation, are considered to have good biocompatibility and safety.

Proteins in coagulative and fibrinolytic systems were measured in 50 type 2 diabetic patients and 50 normal controls. Proteins related with fibrinolytic system in the diabetic patients were significantly higher than those in normal controls. The concentration of soluble thrombomodulin (sTM) was negatively correlated with the activity of protein C and positively correlated with plasmin-? 2 -antiplasmin complex in type 2 diabetic patients, suggesting that the increase of sTM is associated with hypercoagulability and enhanced fibrinolysis.

OBJECTIVE To investigate the resistance rates of Gram negative bacilli and the distribution of ?-lactamases in hospital infections(HI) or community acquired infections(CAI) in Tongling.METHODS Antimicrobial(susceptibility)(test) was done on 356 strains of Gram negative bacilli isolated in Tongling from Oct 2003 to Sep 2004 by Kirby-Bauer method.The detection of ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases was performed by three-dimensional test,MBL by the double-disk synergy test.RESULTS Among total 356 strains of Gram negative bacilli,267 were with HI(53.9%) isolated from sputum of patients,89(34.8%) were(isolated) from CAI patients and urine.The antimicrobial susceptibility rates of Gram negative bacilli from CAI patients was significantly higher than that from HI patients,for Acinetobacter baumannii they were 1.5 to 3.0,for(Pseudomonas aeruginosa) were 1.2 to 1.6.No strains of Escherichia coli and Klebsiella pneumoniae were found resistant to imipenem.Among 356 Gram negative bacilli,77 strains hyperproducing ESBLs and AmpC ?-lactamases,the detection rate was 21.6%, 69 strains were isolated from HI patients,and 8 strains were from CAI patients.From strains resistant to imipenem had 13 strains detected MBL,the detection rate was 52.0%.All of them were isolated from HI patients.CONCLUSIONS The resistance of Gram negative(bacilli) is a serious problem in Tongling.The antimicrobial(susceptibility) rates of Gram negative bacilli from CAI patients are significantly higher than those from HI patients.Gram negative bacilli produce all kinds of(?-lactamases,) such as ESBLs,AmpC(?-lactamases) and MBL.