Citrullination is a post-translational modification of arginine caused by peptidyl arginine deiminase in the presence of calcium ions.Up-regulation of citrullination plays a significant role in the progress of numerous disorders,and it has important physiologic and pathological significance.High-throughput and quantitative methods with high specificity and sensitivity are still needed to identify the citrullinated sites in tissue cells.With the development of chemical derivatization and mass spectrometry, new rapid and accurate proteomics technology still has a good prospect of development and application.This article aimed to provide new ideas and directions to identify the citrullinated sites in the complex biological samples by introducing strategies available to identify citrullinated peptides, such as color development reagent analysis, immunodetection and mass spectrometry.

Aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase is a class of ancient proteins, catalyzing the first reaction of protein biosynthesis. It has been found that they also participate in a lot of other cellular processes such as editing, tRNA maturation and transfer, RNA cleavage and function as cellular factors. Recent studies showed that some mitochondrial aminoacyl-tRNA synthetases are closely related with human diseases. A single point mutation in intervening sequence 2 (IVS2) of human mitochondrial arginyl-tRNA synthetase gene causes abnormal cleavage of its transcript, resulting in pontocerebellar hypoplasia. A series of mutations in human mitochondrial aspartyl-tRNA synthetase gene cause rapid decay of its mRNA or alteration in protein primary sequence, leading to leukoencephalopathy with brain stem and spinal cord involvement and lactate elevation. A single nucleotide polymorphism in human mitochondrial leucyl-tRNA synthetase is significantly associated with type 2 diabetes. These results further enhance our understanding about the cellular function of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase and promote studies toward the mechanism and therapy of aminoacyl-tRNA synthetase-causing mitochondrial diseases.

Aim To study the action mechanism of hyperin(Hyp) on neonatal rat's neuron with anoxia/reoxygenation(A/R).Methods The dissociated neonatal rat brain cells were subjected to 30 min of anoxia or followed 40 min of reoxygenation.Lactate dehydrogenase(LDH),malondialdehyde(MDA)and nitric oxide(NO)in the supernatant were measured.The intracellular free calcium concentration([Ca~(2+)]_i)in brain cells was assayed with Fura 2-AM method.Results Anoxia induced a significant increase of LDH in the supernatant from (62.0±13.0) U·L~(-1)(Sham group)to (116.0±16.6) U·L~(-1)(Control group,P<0.01),and reoxygenation markedly increased LDH and MDA in the supernatant from (45.6±9.2) U·L~(-1) and (9.1±0.9) μmol·L~(-1)(Sham group)to (106.0±17.4) U·L~(-1) and (16.4±2.7) μmol·L~(-1)(Control group,P<0.01),respectively.In the range of 1.0 ～ 16.0 μmol·L~(-1),Hyp markedly and concentration-dependently inhibited anoxia-or reoxygenation-evoked increases of LDH and MDA.1.0～16.0 μmol·L~(-1) Hyp not only inhibited anoxia-induced increase of NO in the supernatant and rise of [Ca~(2+)]_i in brain cells(P<0.05 or P<0.01),but also attenuated reoxygenation-evoked increases of NO and[Ca~(2+)]_i(P<0.05 or P<0.01),Hyp 16.0 μmol·L~(-1) significantly reduced NO and[Ca~(2+)]_i from (34.4±6.3) μmol·L~(-1) and (640±94) nmol·L~(-1) to (25.0±5.1) μmol·L~(-1) and (331±56) nmol·L~(-1),respectively.Conclusion The protective effect of Hyp on A/R-injured neurons may be related to the inhibition of overload of[Ca~(2+)]_i,NO release and lipid peroxidation.

Objective To compare the artery function of male and female of all age groups in healthy Shenyang population . Methods By using CVProfilor DO 2020,we measured non-invasively the large artery elasticity index (C1) and small artery elasticity index (C2) of male and female of all age groups in healthy Shenyang population. Results CVProfilor DO-2020 showed C1 was obviously higher than C2 in healthy Shenyang population(P0 05);The results of a second DO-2020 measurement had no significant difference in short term. Conclusion The large artery elasticity was obviously higher than that of small artery.The elasticity of both large and small artery decreased with increasing age .The large artery elasticity of females is a little lower than that of males .There is no difference in small artery elasticity between the male and female.DO-2020 measuring repeated stably.

Objective To explore the changes of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10 levels after laparoscopic or open repair of inguinal hernia in children.Methods Fifty children with inguinal hernia were randomly assigned to laparoscopic repair or open surgery groups(25 in each).In the laparoscopic group(LS group),the hernia sac was closed by ligating the inner ring,while in the open surgery group(OS group),high ligation was performed.The peripheral blood samples of the two groups were collected one day before,immediately after,and one day after the operations.ELISA was used to detect the levels of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10.Results In both the groups,the levels of CRP,IL-6,and IL-10 were significantly increased immediately after the surgeries(LS Group:q=8.508,11.307,and 22.111,P0.05),while in the OS group,the levels remained significantly higher(q=3.845,10.599,and 11.379,P

BACKGROUND: Icari n as one of the main components of Epimedium has an inhibitory effect on osteoclasts.. OBJECTIVE: To further investigate the influence of icariin on the root absorption of the maxil ary first molar at mesial part during orthodontic treatment in rats. METHODS: Orthodontic root resorption models were established in the left maxil a of rats. Local injection of 200 mg/kg icari n (icari n group) or normal saline (positive control group) was administrated into the left first molar buccal periosteum. The right maxil a of rats served as negative control group that was treated with neither appliance nor drug injection. The mesial distance between bilateral first molars and the contralateral maxil ary incisor was measured before and after the appliance was placed. Mesial surface of the mesial root of bilateral maxil ary first molars was observed using scanning electron microscope. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION: Mesial movement of the maxil ary molars in the icari n group was significantly less than that in the positive control group (P < 0.05). Under the scanning electron microscope, smal absorption lacunae were scattered in the icari n group, while the positive control group showed a large amount of absorption lacunae and they were interconnected into a sheet, showing a stark contrast with the smooth root surface of the negative control group. It is indicated that icari n can inhibit root resorption caused by orthodontic treatment, while reducing the amount of mesial movement of the molar under corrective force.

Objective To investigate the clinical features of invasive pneumococcal disease (IPD) and the antimicrobial susceptibility of invasive Streptococcus pneumoniae (Sp). Methods The clinical features of 54 children with IPD and the antimi-crobial susceptibility of 54 invasive Sp isolates were retrospectively analyzed from 2009 to 2012. Results The ratio of boys to girls in IPD was 1.35:1. Most of the children with IPD were within 2 years old. Few of the children had the onset in summer. Most of the children were diagnosed with septicemia, followed by meningitis. All of the children had middle or high fever. Forty-four children had an increased white blood cell count and 42 children had an increased C-reactive protein.β-lactam antibiotics was most frequently used in clinics, followed by vancomycin. Most of invasive Sp were resistant to penicillin. Multiple drug resis-tance was common in invasive Sp. Conclusions The incidence of IPD has seasonal difference. The clinical manifestations of IPD are diverse, with septicemia being the most common. The resistant rate to penicillin is high in invasive Sp.

Objective To investigate the effect of mitogen activated protein kinase / extracellular signal-regulated kinase (MEK / ERK)1 / 2 signaling pathway on early brain injury (EBI)following experimental subarachnoid hemorrhage (SAH)in rats. Methods Sixty male SD rats were randomly divided into a control group and a 1,6,12,24,48,or 72 h group after SAH modeling. SAH + MEK inhibitor U0126 was used to intervene the 24,48,and 72 h groups (a total of 10 groups;n = 6 in each group). In
addition to the control group,blood was injected into the cisterna magna of the rats to induce a SAH model in another 9groups. The blood samples were taken from infraorbital venous plexus. Enzyme-linked immune sorbent assay (ELISA)was used to detect the levels of interleukin-6 (IL-6),IL-1β,and tumor necrosis factor α(TNF-α)in each group. Evans blue content in brain tissue was used to evaluate the blood-brain barrier damage. Western blot was used to detect the levels of phosphorylated extracellular signal-regulated kinase (p-ERK1/ 2)and matrix metalloproteinase-9 (MMP-9)proteins in basilar artery tissue,and compared them. Results Compared with the control group at the same time points,there were significant differences in the levels of IL-6 and IL-1β at 6,12,24,48,and 72h after modeling in the SAH group (all P <0. 05). At 12,24, 48,and 72 h after modeling,the expression levels of p-ERK1/ 2 protein of the basilar artery tissue of the SAH group were 0. 73 ± 0. 09,0. 85 ± 0. 12,0. 94 ± 0. 09,and 0. 96 ± 0. 09,respectively,they were significantly higher than those of the control group (all P < 0. 05). At 48 and 72 h after modeling in the SAH group,the level of MMP-9 protein was significantly higher than that in the control group (1. 27 ± 0. 15 vs. 0. 68 ± 0. 08,2. 41 ± 0. 11 vs. 0. 71 ± 0. 14). At 72 h after modeling,the Evans blue content in brain tissue of the SAH group was significantly higher than that of the control group (15. 3 ± 2. 2 μg/ g vs. 2. 7 ± 0. 4 μg/ g). After giving the MEK inhibitor U0126 intervention,the levels of serum IL-6,IL-1β,and TNF-α at 24,48, and 72 h after modeling,and the expression levels of p-ERK1 / 2 and MMP-9 proteins at 48 and 72 h (p-ERK1 / 2:0. 76 ± 0. 07,0. 81 ± 0. 06;MMP-9:0. 92 ± 0. 14,1. 79 ± 0. 16),and the Evans blue content (8. 9 ± 1. 7 μg / g)in brain tissue at 72 h after modeling were significantly lower than those of the SAH group (P < 0. 05). Conclusion The MEK/ ERK1/ 2 signal pathway may be closely associated with the inflammatory reaction and blood-brain barrier damage after SAH,which suggests that the intervention of the MEK/ ERK1 / 2 signal pathway may be a potential target for the prevention of early brain injury after SAH.

Objective To observe the operation process implementation and the therapeutic effect of interventional therapy for the superior mesenteric artery thrombosis.Methods 21 cases with superior mesenteric arterial thrombosis who had the diagnosis and clinical treatment in our hospital from January 2005 to December 2013 were retrospectively analyzed.Results Among 21 cases,19 cases had obvious risk factors,and their early symptoms and signs were not consistent.The artery angiography showed that 17 cases had superior mesenteric artery thrombosis,2 cases had ileum arterial thrombosis,2 cases had inferior mesenteric arterial thrombosis.All surgeries were performed successfully.The length of hospital stay was 10 14 days with an average of 11 days.After interventional treatment,the symptom of abdominal pain had obvious remission.The follow-up period was 12 to 36 months and no recurrence was found.Conclusions The diagnosis of mesenteric arterial thrombosis is difficult.Mesenteric arterial thrombosis needs the early diagnosis and timely interventional treatment.

BACKGROUND:Percutaneous vertebroplasty for vertebral fractures can effectively relieve acute pain and has the advantages of smal trauma, good curative effect and less complications, but for patients with osteoporotic compression fractures, there were varying degrees of osteoporosis after surgery, which have a longer course of disease and cannot be easy to cure. So the effectiveness of percutaneous vertebroplasty cannot be ful y evaluated based on the pain relief. OBJECTIVE:To study the curative effect of percutaneous vertebroplasty for patients with fresh osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures. METHODS:We selected 24 patients undergoing percutaneous vertebroplasty and 24 patients receiving conservative treatment at the same time who had fresh osteoporotic compression fractures as research objects;and compared pain degree, vertebral body height and the kyphosis Cobb angle, function activity of the lower lumbar before and after treatment, the quality of life and clinical incidence of complications within 6 months after treatment in the two groups. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:The degree of pain, the vertebral body height, kyphosis Cobb angle, function activity of the lower lumbar were al improved in the two groups after treatment (P<0.05), and these indexes in the percutaneous vertebroplasty group were better than those in the conservative treatment group (P<0.05). The quality of life and incidence of complications within 6 months after treatment were improved better in the percutaneous vertebroplasty group than the conservative treatment group (both P<0.05). These results suggest that the percutaneous vertebroplasty for fresh osteoporotic thoracolumbar vertebral compression fractures can effectively reduce the pain of patients, improve vertebral deformity and activities of the lower lumbar, and has obvious role in promoting the postoperative quality of life of patients.