Lung cancer is the most common cause of the death from cancers for both male and female in the world. Surgery remains the most effective method for controlling the primary tumour in most cases, but only 20% primary lesions can be resected. 80% patients should be treated by non-surgical methods. In recent years, radiotherapy has a fast development in the equipment and especially in the theory of radiobiology, but the curability of lung cancer still poor. In this paper we discussed the radiotherapy of lung cancer and how to choose the energe of X-ray, design the fields; the proceeding of irradiation; and it is necessary to find out a new regulation for stages that is available to indicate non-surgical treatment.

OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general pattern and features of adverse drug reactions(ADRs) of defibrase.MET-HODS:The cases of ADRs of defibrase reported in the national medical journals during 1999 and 2003 were collected and analyzed.RESULTS:ADRs of defibrase mainly included bleeding,urticaria,high fever,positive cutantest,liver function injury,ecchymoma,purpura haemorrhagica,incision hemorrhea,and arterial embolism.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to ADRs of defribrase in clinic in order to ensure the safety of drug use.

Objective To study the effect of calorie restriction at early age of rats on their islet β cell mass in adulthood.Methods Sixteen 8-week-old male SD rats were randomized to control group (n=7) and calorie restricted group (n =9).The rats in control group took food freely,while the ones in calorie restricted group were given 70％ calorie of the control group.After 24 week calorie restriction,cholesterol (TC),triglyceride (TG),high density lipoprotein-cholesterol (HDL-C) and low density lipoprotein-cholesterol (LDL-C) were tested.The β cell mass was measured by immunohistochefistry and the activity of superoxide dismutase (SOD) as well as the level of malondialdehyde (MDA) in pancreas homogenate were determined by ELISA.Results The increase of the body weights(45 g vs.184 g)and the level of TG [(0.61±0.15)mmol/L vs.(0.78±0.14)mmol/ L]of the rats in the calorie restricted group were lower than those of the control group (P＜0.05),while the β cell mass [(43.6±9.8)mg vs.(31.9± 11.6)mg],β cell mass of every milligram pancreas tissue[(89.7 ± 7.4) μg/mg vs.(44.8g ± 14.1) μg/mg] and β cell mass per body weight[(11.5±2.5) × 10-5 vs.(6.3 ±2.3) × 10-5]of the rats in the calorie restricted group were higher than those of the control group (P＜0.05).There were no differences in the SOD activity [(0.91±0.30)nmol/ mg protein vs.(0.68±0.14)nmol/ mg protein]and MDA level [4.97± 0.65)U /mg protein vs.(6.05 ±2.14)U/mg protein] in pancreas homogenate between the two groups (P＞0.05).Conclusions Calorie restriction at early age of rats may increase the islet β cell mass in their adulthood.

Eleven-week-old SD rats were randomized into control and calorie restriction group. The pancreatic β cell function and oxidative stress indexes in the two groups were compared after 24-week intervention. The results showed that calorie restriction, which started from young age, improved the early insulin secretion after glucose loading and alleviated the oxidative stress in adult rats, which wag related to the reduction of body weight.

[Objective]To evaluate surgical treatment and curative effect of intercondylar humeral comminuted fractures.[Method]Twenty-one cases of intercondylar humeral comminuted fractures were collected from February 2001 to December 2005. The fractures were classified to 5 cases of C1,9 cases of C2 and 7 cases of C3 according to the AO classification.Seventeen fractures were internal fixed by open-reduction, and 4 fractures were treated by total elbow replacement. After olecranon osteotomy, capitate eminence and trochlea humerus were reducted and fixed with bone screw,while shaft of humerus and the distal end of humerus were fixed with AO double plate or Y-shaped plate in internal fixed group. Early physiotherapy were started as soon as possible. The elbow replacement group were replaced by semi-restriction elbow prosthesis and fixed with cemente following physiotherapy after 4 to 7 days.[Result]forteen of 17 cases were postoperatively followed-up in internal fixed group from 12 to 44 months, and all cases had been visited for 14 to 36 months in elbow replacement group. According to modified Cassebaum scoring system, 71.4% were good in internal fixed group and 100% in elbow replacement group.[Conclusion]It has good curative effect in intercondylar humeral comminuted fractures with olecranon osteotomy, the AO double plate or Y-shaped plate internal fixation and early physiotherapy. With severe injury of the distal end of humerus, obviously osteoporosis and older than 50 years, the total elbow arthroplasty and replacement are preferred.

Chronic venous disorder (CVD) of the lower extremities generally induces dermatologic complications in lower extremity skin, such as hyperpigmentation. If not treated effectively, the lesions may develop into severe outcomes, including dermal ulcer or necrosis.

BACKGROUND: The biomechanical studies about calcium sulfate cement vertebroplasty are only limited to the single fracture vertebra, not performed in spinal compression fracture unit with posterior transpedicular screw fixation. Furthermore, performing experimental study in the whole function spine unit (FSU) conforms to actual clinical situation. OBJECTIVE: To assess the biomechanical properties of calcium sulfate vertebroplasty combined with posterior transpedicular screw fixation in treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING: A controlled experiment was performed at the Biomechanical Laboratory of Shanghai University in March 2009. MATERIALS: Fifteen fresh thoracolumbar spines were harvested from male calves and made into T_(11)-L_1 FSU, then divided into 3 groups randomly: normal control group, posterior transpedicular screw fixation group and transpedicular screw fixation plus vertebroplasty group. METHODS: T_(12) flexion-compression fracture models were made in all specimens of posterior transpedicular screw fixation group and transpedicular screw fixation plus vertebroplasty group, undergoing reduction and posterior transpedicular screw fixation, and calcium sulfate vertebroplasty combined with posterior transpedicular screw fixation respectively. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: All specimens were placed on the WE-10A universal testing machine for mechanical test. Load-straining, load-displacing, rigidity, strength and torsion of the FSU were performed in axial compression, flexion, extension and lateral bending states. The experimental outcomes were collected and compared by statistic analysis. RESULTS: The load-strain and loed-displacement showed a linear relationship. Straining values in vertebral body and intervertebral disc of calcium sulfate vertebroplasty plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group were 14% and 12% less than that of posterior transpedicular screw fixation group, 21% and 13% less than that of normal control group. The thoracolumbar displacement in calcium sulfate vertebroplasty Plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group decreased 25% and 37% as compared with other 2 groups respectively. Compared with normal control and posterior transpedicular screw fixation group, the thoracolumbar stiffness in calcium sulfate vertebroplasty plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group increased 53% and 44% respectively. The strength in vertebral body and intervertebral disc of calcium sulfate vertebroplasty plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group were 14% and 24% higher than that of posterior transpedicular screw fixation group, 13% and 20% higher than that of normal control group. The maximal twisting strength of FSU in calcium sulfate vertebroplasty plus posterior transpedicular screw fixation group were 18% and 30% higher than that of other 2 groups, the twisting stiffness were 30% and 40% higher than that of other 2 groups. The data above were significant differences statistically (P < 0.05). CONCLUSION: Posterior transpedicular screw fixation combined with calcium sulfate vertebroplasty show superior biomechanical properties for treatment of thoracolumbar compression fractures, which exhibits not only strong strength and stiffness, but also stable FSU, thus could decrease the stress loading of the internal fixation, the incidences of screw breakage and avoid the altitude loss of vertebral body.

A bacterial strain capable of utilizing p-nitroaniline as sole carbon source to growth was isolated from sewage sludge. This strain was identified as Microbacterium sp. PNA8 based on its morphology, physiological, biochemical properties and 16S rRNA sequence analysis. Results indicated that the optimal temperature and pH for cell growth and for p-nitroaniline degradation was 30?C and 7.0. Strain PNA8 growth and p-nitroaniline degradation was considerably faster in the presence of yeast extract. Optimum conditions, in the culture medium added to 0.4 g/L yeast extract, 0.3 mmol/L p-nitroaniline degradation rate to 100% in 4 days.

Objective To investigate the diagnosis,preoperative examination and surgical treatment of carotid body tumor(CBT).Methods From December 2008 to December 2012 80 patients of carotid body tumor were treated in our center.The average age was(43:±:12)years,33 cases were male,47 cases were female.The lesions were unilateral in 68 cases and bilateral in 12.All tumors were surgically resected.In 26 of Shamblin Ⅰ,32 of Shamblin Ⅱ and 19 of Shamblin Ⅲ tumors were simply resected.One Shamblin Ⅱ and 2 Shamblin Ⅲ cases underwent tumor resection combined with external carotid embolization.3 Shamblin Ⅱ and 8 Shamblin Ⅲ cases were treated by tumor resection combined with internal carotid reconstruction,1 Shamblin Ⅲ was done with tumor resection combined internal carotid repair.Results All of 80 patients with 92 tumors were successfully resected.There was no death case during peroperative period,while one case developed hemiplegia and 14 cases suffered cranial nerve injuries.68 cases (85％) were followed-up from 1 year to 6 years.Thera were 14 patients with cranial nerve injuries,2 of them were lost to follow-up,11 with complete or partial recovery and 1 was still doing poorly.Conclusions Tumor size and its relation to the carotid artery form the basis upon which appropriate operation is adopted.

The gut-brain axis (GBA) is a nerve-endocrine mediated bidirectional communication system between the gut and brain, which links the cognition and emotion in brain to peripheral intestinal function. In recent years, many researches have showed that colonized intestinal microbiota plays an important role in the communication between gut and brain. On one hand, microbiota can influence the development and function of brain via GBA. On the other hand, brain can also change the composition of gut microbiota. These findings gradually become a novel medical research highlight, i.e. the microbiota-gut-brain axis. This paper reviews the interaction between gut microbiota and brain via GBA in order to provide supports for studying functions of gastrointestinal tract and brain, as well as the treatment of related diseases.