OBJECTIVE:To discuss the general pattern and features of adverse drug reactions(ADRs) of defibrase.MET-HODS:The cases of ADRs of defibrase reported in the national medical journals during 1999 and 2003 were collected and analyzed.RESULTS:ADRs of defibrase mainly included bleeding,urticaria,high fever,positive cutantest,liver function injury,ecchymoma,purpura haemorrhagica,incision hemorrhea,and arterial embolism.CONCLUSION:Great importance should be attached to ADRs of defribrase in clinic in order to ensure the safety of drug use.

OBJECTIVE:To optimize water extraction technology of Shenqi yiqi capsules. METHODS:The water extraction technology of Shenqi yiqi capsules was optimized by L9(34)orthogonal test with amount of water added,decoction times and decoc-tion time as factors using the extraction rate of astragaloside,calyosin-7-O-β-D-glycoside,icariin and bergenin as index,and the verification test was made. RESULTS:The best extraction technology was as follows as 8-fold water,decocting for 3 times,2 h each time;comprehensive score of 3 batches of samples in validation test were 98.95,99.71 and 99.98(RSD<2%,n=3). CON-CLUSIONS:The water extraction technology optimized by multi-index comprehensive score-orthogonal test is stable,scientific and reasonable.

Objective To observe the effects of blood pressure by intravenous infusion of different doses ofoxytocin in cesarean section.Methods Sixty full-term pregnant women undergoing cesarean section with continuous epidural anesthesia were divided into three groups by random digits table method with 20 cases each:group A,B and C.Three groups were injected 10 U oxytocin in uterine muscle after infant delivery.Group A,B and C received 5,10 and 20 U oxytocin (sodium lactate ringer,500 ml) continuous intravenous infusion at the speed of 10 ml/min.If happened uterine contractions bad,they were sublingual administering 0.2 mg misoprostol.If happened severe hypotension,they were intravenous injected 5 mg ephedrine.The change of mean arterial pressure (MAP) and heat rate before anesthesia (T0),after fetal childbirth (T1),5 m in (T2),10 min (T3),30 min (T4) after infusion of oxytocin and the dosage of ephedrine and misoprostol were recorded.Results There were no significant differences in MAP and heart rate at every time point between group A and B (P＞ 0.05).MAP decreased and heart rate increased in group C at T2,T3 compared with those in group A and B,and there were significant differences (P＜ 0.05).The number of cases of sublingual misoprostol were increased in group A (7 cases) compared with that in group B (2 cases) and group C(1 case).The 8 patients injected ephedrine in group C were more than group A(1 case) and group B (3 cases).Conclusion Cesarean section after the delivery of the fetus in the uterus muscle injection of oxytocin 10 U,after 10 U of oxytocin added 500 ml sodium lactate ringer injection at the speed of 10 ml/min intravenous infusion has little effect on the blood pressure and heart rate,and has good uterine contractions.

Objective To evaluate the effect of endoscopic management of foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract. Methods Clinical data and endoscopic treatment methods of 41 patients were retrospectively analyzed from October 2014 to May 2016. Patients with incomplete medical records were excluded. Results Foreign bodies in the upper digestive tract occurred high frequency in elderly. 53.6% of the foreign bodies were located in the esophagus. Date stones was the main type of foreign bodies (56.1%). 41 cases with foreign bodies in digestive tract were successfully extracted, while 1 case occurred perforation. Conclusion Endoscopic management of gastrointestinal foreign bodies is safe and effective.

OBJECTIVETo explore the effects of uterine adenomyosis on the clinical outcomes of infertility patients treated with in vitro fertilization/intracytoplasmic sperm injection-embryo transfer (IVF/ICSI-ET).

METHODSA retrospective study was conducted of 61 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles as the study group, diagnosed with uterine adenomyosis by transvaginal ultrasound, and 164 IVF/ICSI-ET cycles of patients with tubal infertility as the control group. The baseline characteristics, ovary response and clinical outcomes were compared between the two groups.

RESULTSThe implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and live birth rate decreased significantly in the study group (P<0.05), and early abortion rate increased significantly (P<0.05). For patients with adenomyosis, GnRH-antagonist cycles tended to decrease clinical pregnancy rate and increase abortion rate (25.0% vs 45.0%, P=0.184; 66.7% vs 27.8%, P=0.247), and significantly decrease live birth rate (0% vs 30.8%, P=0.025), compared with GnRHa agonist cycles.

CONCLUSIONUterine adenomyosis decreases implantation rate, clinical pregnancy rate and birth rate, and increases abortion rate significantly in patients with IVF/ICSI-ET. GnRH-antagonist cycles have adverse effects on the outcomes of adenomyosis; GnRH agonist long protocol cycles may increase clinical pregnancy rate and decrease abortion rate.

Adenomyosis ; complications ; Embryo Implantation ; Embryo Transfer ; Female ; Fertilization in Vitro ; Gonadotropin-Releasing Hormone ; agonists ; antagonists & inhibitors ; Hormone Antagonists ; Humans ; Infertility, Female ; Pregnancy ; Pregnancy Complications ; physiopathology ; Pregnancy Rate ; Retrospective Studies ; Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic

ObjectiveTo investigate the clinical features of liver function and coagulation function in patients with Alongshan virus (ALSV) infection. MethodsClinical data were collected from 27 patients with ALSV infection who were admitted to Inner Mongolia General Forestry Hospital from May 2018 to September 2019, among whom there were 18 male patients and 9 female patients. Related data were extracted, and a database of relevant case reports was established. The descriptive epidemiological method was used to analyze the clinical features of liver function and coagulation markers, and the features of liver injury caused by ALSV infection were analyzed. ResultsFor the 27 patients, the abnormal rates of alanine aminotransferase (ALT), aspartate aminotransferase (AST), alkaline phosphatase (ALP), gamma-glutamyl transpeptidase (GGT), cholinesterase, and total bile acid were 25.9%, 33.3%, 25.9%, 40.7%, 8%, and 8%, respectively; among the 27 patients, 4 (14.8%) had an ALT level of ＞2×upper limit of normal (ULN), 3 (11.1%) had an AST level of ＞2×ULN, 1 (3.7%) had an ALP level of ＞2×ULN, and 5 (18.5%) had a GGT level of ＞2×ULN. Among the 27 patients, 25 (17 male patients and 8 female patients) had the results of bilirubin test, among whom 1 had a reduction in total bilirubin (TBil) (3.30 μmol/L) and 3 had an increase in TBil (23.7 μmol/L, 26.2 μmol/L, and 32 μmol/L, respectively). The abnormal rates of the coagulation markers international normalized ratio, activated partial thromboplastin time, and fibrinogen were 3.7%, 11.1%, and 22.2%, respectively. ConclusionThere is a certain degree of liver injury in patients with ALSV infection, generally with mild symptoms.

BACKGROUND:Establishing a stable and reliable animal model of acute pancreatitis is of great significance for understanding its pathogenesis,pathophysiological characteristics,and clinical medication.Domestic and foreign studies have shown that cerulein,L-arginine,and sodium taurocholate can induce acute pancreatitis,but their pathophysiological characteristics and model characteristics are still unclear. OBJECTIVE:To establish an acute pancreatitis rat model using cerulein,L-arginine,and sodium taurocholate and to observe the changing patterns of model features at different time points. METHODS:Ninety-six healthy male Sprague-Dawley rats were randomly divided into normal group,cerulein group,L-arginine group,and sodium taurocholate group,with 24 rats in each group.Within each group,there were three subgroups(n=8 per group):12-,24-,and 48-hour subgroups.Cerulein was administered via intraperitoneal injection six times with a 1-hour interval.L-arginine was administered through two intraperitoneal injections with a 1-hour interval.Sodium taurocholate was injected for inducing acute pancreatitis models through retrograde injection into the bile-pancreatic duct.By examining the rat survival rate,gross morphology of the pancreas,calculating the pancreatic organ index,and measuring levels of amylase,lipase,alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,blood urea nitrogen,and creatinine,as well as observing pancreatic tissue pathological features through hematoxylin-eosin staining and conducting a pancreatic injury scoring,we evaluated the changing patterns of model features at different time points. RESULTS AND CONCLUSION:Compared with the normal group,the overall survival rate of rats was 100%in the cerulein group,88%in the L-arginine group,and 96%in the sodium taurocholate group.The pancreatic organ index was increased in all groups.Gross observation indicated that,In the cerulein group,pancreatic edema,blurred lobes,and looseness were visible.In the L-arginine group,the pancreatic glands were enlarged and thickened with patchy bleeding.In the sodium taurocholate group,pancreatic tissue showed varying degrees of congestion and edema accompanied by scattered flakes of hemorrhage and necrosis.The levels of serum alanine transaminase,aspartate transaminase,blood urea nitrogen,creatinine,amylase,and lipase in rats exhibited consistent changes.In the cerulein group,these parameters possibly peaked at 12 hours(P<0.05)and then showed a declining trend.In the L-arginine group,they reached the highest levels at 24 hours(P<0.05)and significantly decreased at 48 hours.In the sodium taurocholate group,serum amylase and lipase remained at higher levels at 12 hours with a slow decline trend(P<0.05).Compared with the normal group,microscopic examination revealed mild acinar edema and widened interlobular spaces in the cerulein group,with a higher presence of inflammatory cells.In the L-arginine group,there was widening of interlobular spaces,extensive infiltration of inflammatory cells,and patchy necrotic areas.In the sodium taurocholate group,significant pancreatic edema,structural disarray,extensive necrotic foci,and inflammatory cell infiltration were observed.Compared with the normal group,the pathological scores of induced acute pancreatitis in all three models were significantly different at each time point(P<0.05).Moreover,the pathological scores in each group increased over time,indicating a gradual worsening of pancreatic tissue damage.When comparing different models at the same time,there were differences in pathological scores,with the sodium taurocholate group having the highest scores,followed by the L-arginine group,and the cerulein group having the lowest scores.Analyzing the three models at the same time point,the most severe condition was in the sodium taurocholate group,which was characterized by pancreatic hemorrhage and necrosis,followed by the L-arginine group,which was characterized by necrosis,and the least severe condition was in the cerulein group,mainly characterized by edema.The serum biochemical index levels of the cerulein and L-arginine groups decreased at 48 hours,indicating that these two models may have a tendency to self-heal and belong to a self-limiting disease course.The serum biochemical index levels of the sodium taurocholate group decreased slowly after 12 hours.Therefore,pancreatic injury in the sodium taurocholate group might not be relieved after 48 hours or longer.

Objective To establish the model of rabbit vena arterialization, so as to investigate the difference of mechanical parameters between arteries and veins as well as before and after arterialization. Methods Twenty-four rabbits were randomly divided into experimental group (n=12) and control group (n=12). By establishing the rabbit vena arterialization model for experimental group, the arterial blood could flow into the veins. After model creation, the vein would be removed 4 weeks after surgery. In the meantime, the external jugular veins and cephalic arteries extracted from control group were acquired. Compressive pressurizing and stretching tests on all vessels were conducted at the same time(including arteries, veins and arterialized veins). Observation was supported by HE staining and immune tissue chemical techniques. Results There were no deaths among the 24 rabbits, with unobstructed blood flow in veins. With the increase of intravascular pressure, the outer diameter of veins changed at first and then stabilized at a fixed value. The elasticity of veins was worse than that of arteries. The external diameter of veins increased rapidly with internal pressure of veins increasing and reached its extreme elasticity. Comparatively, the elasticity of arteries increased slowly. HE staining results showed that thickness of the vascular wall was thinner, while it became thicker after vena arterialization. After vena arterialization, proliferating cell nuclear antigen（PCNA） and α-actin showed positive results. It further proved that proliferation existed among smooth muscle cells, and veins showed the tendency of restenosis again. The elasticity of veins after transplantation into the arterial system was improved compared with that before transplantation. Conclusions Accompanied by the increasing pressure, the vein could reach its elasticity extremity faster than the artery. Under such a long-term high pressure, vein intima was vulnerable. After vena arterialization, with the gradual thickening of vein intima, the tendency of vessel restenosis was obvious, and the elasticity of veins has been improved after transplantation.

Objective    To investigate the efficacy of uniportal video-assisted thoracoscopic surgery (VATS) anatomic basal segmentectomy. Methods    The clinical data of 15 patients who underwent uniportal VATS anatomic basal segmentectomy between June 2020 and December 2020 were retrospectively reviewed. There were 4 males and 11 females with a median age of 53 (32-70) years. The incisions were placed in the fifth intercostal space across the mid-axillary line. All basal segmentectomies were performed through the interlobar fissure or inferior pulmonary ligament approach following the strategies of single-direction and stem-branch. Results    All patients underwent basal segmentectomy successfully with no conversion to multi-portal procedure or thoracotomy. The median operation time was 120 (90-160) min, median intraoperative blood loss was 20 (10-50) mL, median drainage time was 3 (2-5) d, and median postoperative hospital stay was 4 (4-10) d. The maximum diameter of the lesion in the resected basal segment was 1.2 (0.7-1.9) cm. The median resected lymph nodes were 7 (5-12). There was no evidence of nodal metastases. One patient suffered postoperative atelectasis and subsequent pneumonia. No perioperative death occurred. Conclusion    Uniportal VATS anatomic basal segmentectomy is feasible and safe. It can be performed in a simple manner following the strategy of single-direction.

Objective:To investigate the current situation of the use of transjugular intrahepatic portosystemic shunt (TIPS) for portal hypertension, which should aid the development of TIPS in China.Methods:The China Portal Hypertension Alliance (CHESS) initiated this study that comprehensively investigated the basic situation of TIPS for portal hypertension in China through network research. The survey included the following: the number of surgical cases, main indications, the development of Early-TIPS, TIPS for portal vein cavernous transformation, collateral circulation embolization, intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurement, commonly used stent types, conventional anticoagulation and time, postoperative follow-up, obstacles, and the application of domestic instruments.Results:According to the survey, a total of 13 527 TIPS operations were carried out in 545 hospitals participating in the survey in 2021, and 94.1% of the hospital had the habit of routine follow-up after TIPS. Most hospitals believed that the main indications of TIPS were the control of acute bleeding (42.6%) and the prevention of rebleeding (40.7%). 48.1% of the teams carried out early or priority TIPS, 53.0% of the teams carried out TIPS for the cavernous transformation of the portal vein, and 81.0% chose routine embolization of collateral circulation during operation. Most of them used coils and biological glue as embolic materials, and 78.5% of the team routinely performed intraoperative portal pressure gradient measurements. In selecting TIPS stents, 57.1% of the hospitals woulel choose Viator-specific stents, 57.2% woulel choose conventional anticoagulation after TIPS, and the duration of anticoagulation was between 3-6 months (55.4%). The limitation of TIPS surgery was mainly due to cost (72.3%) and insufficient understanding of doctors in related departments (77.4%). Most teams accepted the domestic instruments used in TIPS (92.7%).Conclusions:This survey shows that TIPS treatment is an essential part of treating portal hypertension in China. The total number of TIPS cases is far from that of patients with portal hypertension. In the future, it is still necessary to popularize TIPS technology and further standardize surgical indications, routine operations, and instrument application.