Helicobacter pylori (H. Pylori) infection has been an established risk factor for gastric cancer identified by World Health Organization. H. Pylori triggers chronic inflammation of gastric mucosa and induces host cells to release various cytokines, some of which might lead normal epithelial cells to transfer to gastric cancer. Expression of interleukins in gastric mucosa experiences significant changes after H. Pylori infection. Interleukins play different roles in carcinogenesis and development of gastric cancer. This article briefly reviews the research advances of roles of interleukins in carcinogenesis and development of gastric cancer.

X-box binding protein -1(XBP-1)is a newly found protein that plays significant roles in protein folding and endoplasmic reticulum construction .The expression of XBP-1 is widely displayed in various kinds of tumor and is shown to take part in tumorigenesis and tumor progression .This review briefly summarizes the biology of XBP-1 and focuses on recent findings concerning its role in immune evasion ,tumorigenesis ,devel-opment of cancer ,angiogenesis ,hypoxia ,invasion and metastasis .

Objective To investigate the factors affecting the efficacy,safety and prognosis of R0 resection in hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)patients with portal hypertension(PH).Methods Clinical data of 600 patients with cirrhosis related HCC undergoing hepatectomy at the Dept.of Hepatobiliary Surgery were studied retrospectively.According to whether the patients with portal hypertension or not,they were divided into PH group and non PH group.Postoperative complications and mortality were compared between the two groups.Kaplan-Meier was used to analyze influencing factors of patients with R0 postoperative survival.Cox regression risk model was used to analyze the risk factors.Results The operative mortality of PH group and non PH group was 3.6%(3/84)and 0.5%(1/216),respectively.The difference was statistically significant(P<0.05).The incidence of postoperative complications in PH group was 22.6%,significantly higher than 9.7% in non PH group(P<0.05),especially the incidence rate of the liver related complications(ascites>800 ml/d,hepatic insufficiency and liver failure).Alcoholism,with PH,AFP ≥20 ng/ml,tumor size>5cm and non-solitary type HCC(all P<0.05) were important factors for overall survival.Cox regression analysis showed that tumor size>5cm and non-solitary type HCC were independent predictors for survival.Conclusion PH combined with HCC patients after R0 resection can significantly increase the incidence of complications related to liver disease and mortality,tumor size >5cm and non-isolated HCC are the risk factors for long-term survival of patients.

Specimens from 12 cases of pancreatic endocrine tumors were investigated by light and electron microscopy and immunohistochemical staining. Pancreatic stem cell-like cells with special characteristics of pancreatic stem cell were found in the proliferating small ductules and dispersed at the margins of pancreatic endocrine tumors in all the cases studied.

Recent studies have shown that brain natriuretic peptide ( BNP ) may be the link between cardiovascular disease and metabolic system. The role for BNP in metabolic pathways has already been the subject of intense interest. This article reviews the evidence of the linkage between BNP and metabolic system.

OBJECTIVE:To enrich the identification diversity of traditional Chinese medicine(TCM),and provide theoretical guidance for the quality evaluation of TCM. METHODS:According to literature references and traditional identification experienc-es,characteristics including medicinal shape,size,color and lustre,surface,texture,section,odor and other aspects were identi-fied by sense organs such as eyes,hands,nose and mouth. The vivid traditional identification term were obtained through systemat-ic summarization in order to explore the internal relationship with pharmaceutical botany. RESULTS&CONCLUSIONS:As the sim-plest identification method,traditional identification method can rapidly identify the species and quality of TCM,evaluate the quali-ty,and has great significance to solve the security issues of clinical medication and health care in daily life. There was a correlation between the traditional identification and botanical research,which could be able to provide theoretical guidance to characters identi-fication and quality evaluation of TCM.

Objective To evaluate desmopressin stimulated inferior petrosal sinus sampling in diagnosing Cushing′s disease.Methods Sixteen ACTH-dependent Cushing′s disease patients underwent bilateral desmopressin stimulated inferior petrosal sinus ( IPS ) sampling because of negative or equivocal magnetic resonance imaging.Cortisol response to high-dose dexamethasone suppression test was also evaluated.ACTH sampling was taken from a peripheral vein and bilateral IPS before and both 5 and 10 min after injection of desmopressin.Diagnosis was based on the ratio of ACTH level in between IPS to peripheral vein by desmopressin test.Diagnosis was confirmed after surgery.Results High-dose dexamethasone suppression test showed suppressible in 9 of 16 patients with Cushing′s disease.An IPS gradient ＞2 was found in 14 of the 16 cases (87.5％ )with Cushing′s disease after desmopressin injection,while before injection the respective figure was 12 of 16 (75.0％).No severe adverse effects were observed during or after the procedure.Conclusion Desmopressin test during bilateral IPS sampling is a safe and effective diagnostic procedure in Cushing′s disease.

Objective To investigate clinical effect of combined laparoscopic and endoscopic submucosal resection for the gastric antrum-body tumors originated from the muscularis propria.Methods A total of 8 patients with gastric antrum-body tumors originated from the muscularis propria were treated by combined laparoscopic and endoscopic submucosal resection from Jan 2013 to Apr 2014.All patients were diagnosed as having gastric antrum-body tumors originated from the muscularis propria by preoperative endoscopic ultrasonography.Endoscopy showed that the surface mucosa of tumors were normal in all patients.Tumors were found in the gastric antrum-body front wall in 4 cases,and in the back wall in 2 cases,and in the lesser omental bursa in 1 case,and in the greater omental bursa in 1 case.The tumors size was from 1.5 to 3.5 cm,averaging (2.4 ± 0.7) cm.The therapeutic procedure included three phases.The lesion was first exposed with laparoscopy.Then,the fluid was injected into the submucosa in the part of tumor by endoscopy.Finally the tumor was resected by laparoscopy.These patients were followed up and analyzed retrospectively.Results Combined laparoscopic and endoscopic submucosal resection was successfully performed in all patients.All tumors were resected completely.Sever bleeding,infection or death were not found in any patients.Postoperative pathology and immunohistochemistry staining confirmed 6 stromal tumors and 2 neurofibroma.All patients were followed up for 6 months,and there was no recurrent case.Gastric mucosa and function were normal in all patients.Conclusion Combined laparoscopic and endoscopic submucosal resection is a simple,safe and effective method for gastric antrum-body tumors originated from the muscularis propria,and leads to little complication.

be diagnosed by imaging examination before operation.The ALT patients with large or symptomatic adrenal lipomatous lesions or preoperatively diagnosed teratoma should be given surgical treatment.

Objective The aim of this study was to describe the FICE application on gastric mucosa characteristics including normal and pathological changes, with or without H.pylori infection, and its corre-lation with histopathoingical evidence. Methods A total of 32 patients with dyspepsia symptoms and 5 healthy controls were enrolled into study. Each one underwent esophngogastreduedenoscopy (EGD) examina-tion with FICE and magnified observation. The whole stomach was examined by 3 steps: including conven-tional endoscopy followed by magnifying and FICE observation of the gastric antrum and body as well as biop-sies. All the patients were asked to take the rapid urease test (RUT) 、13C -urea breath test (13C-UBT) . Gastric antrum and body were both sub-classified into following 3 patterns by FICE observation and high reso-lution magnifying endoscopy. The sensitivity, specificity of each FICE pattern of both gastric antrum and body were analysed for the assessment of H. pylori infection, and the consistency with the results of RUT and 13C-UBT. Furthermore, the histopathologic parameters including inflammation、activity、atrophy and intestinal metaplasia were also assessed, Results FICE patterns of gastric antrum and body of all 5 control subjects were type Ⅰ, corresponded to an H. pylori negative and non-atrephy gastric mueosa. In study group on gastric antrum, 14 cases of FICE type Ⅰ pattern were noted and only 1/14(7. 1%) corresponded to an H. pylori positive gastric mucosa. 13 cases of FICE type Ⅱ pattern were noted and 10/13 (76. 9%) corresponded to an H.pylori positive mucosa and 9/13(69. 2%) were positive for both gastric atrophy. 5 cases of FICE type Ⅲ pattern were noted and 5/5 (100%) corresponded to an H. pylori positive mucosa and 3/5 (60%) were positive for both gastric atrophy and intestinal metaplasia. There was statistical difference in prediction of H. pylori infection between type Ⅰ FICE pattern and type Ⅱ or type Ⅲ pattern on gastric antrum (P <0. 01). In study group on gastric body, 15 cases of FICE type Ⅰ pattern were noted and only 1/14(7. 1%) corre-sponded to an H. pylori positive gastric mucosa. 13 cases of FICE type Ⅱ pattern were noted and 11/13 (84. 6%) corresponded to an H. pylori positive mucosa. 4 cases of FICE type Ⅲ pattern were noted and 4/4 (100%) corresponded to an H.pylori positive mucosa. There was statistical difference in prediction of H. pylori infection between type Ⅰ FICE pattern and type Ⅱ or type Ⅲ pattern on gastric body (P < 0. 01). Conclusion FICE in combination with high resolution magnifying endoscopy is valuable for identifying the normal gastric mucosa, H.pylori infection and its associated gastritis, gastric atrophy as well as intestinal metaplasia.