This paper introduces the operational principle and circuit blocks of rotating anode controller. The control-driven process and the design of the detection unit are analyzed.

This paper introduces the theory and the main circuit of MRI gradients high-power amplifier,especially the operation principles of its power modules and pulse-width modulators,which is helpful for maintenance of the amplifier.

Objective To explore the significance of combined detection of urinary podocalyxin (PCX), nephrin and mono-cyte chemoattractant protein-1(MCP-1) for diabetic nephropathy in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients.Methods A total of 132 newly diagnosed type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) patients and 36 healthy subjects were recruited .The concentrations of urinary PCX (UPCX), nephrin (UNephrin) and MCP-1(UMCP-1) were measured with enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA), and urina-ry UAE ( UAlb) concentration was measured with turbidimetric immunoassay method .All the results were shown by dividing the urine creatinine ( UCR) concentration in the same sample .The comparisons among UAlb/UCR, UPCX/UCR, UNephrin/UCR, and UMCP-1/UCR among groups were investigated .The correlation among UAlb/UCR, UPCX/UCR, UNephrin/UCR and UMCP-1/UCR was in-vestigated in T2DM patients.The comparison among positive rate of UMCP-1/UCR, UNephrin/UCR, UPCX/UCR and UAlb/UCR was investigated in T2DM patients.Results The levels of UPCX/UCR and UMCP-1/UCR were significantly higher in diabetes melli-tus(DM) group (37.37 ±22.83 and 47.19 ±29.98, respectively) than in healthy subjects (9.59 ±2.28 and 9.98 ±3.63, respec-tively) ( P <0.05 ) .The levels of UAlb/UCR、UPCX/UCR and UMCP-1/UCR were significantly higher in diabetic nephropathy (DN) group (90.39 ±59.35, 72.11 ±58.88, and 104.82 ±82.77, respectively) than in DM group (17.50 ±9.49, 37.37 ± 22.83 , and 47.19 ±29.98 , respectively ) and in healthy subjects ( 8.93 ±3.81 , 9.59 ±2.28 , and 9.98 ±3.63 , respectively ) ( P<0.05).The level of UNephrin/UCR was significantly higher in DN group (83.60 ±61.61) than in DM group (38.74 ±35.27) ( P <0.05).The levels of UPCX/UCR, UMCP-1/UCR, and UNephrin/UCR were positively correlated with UAlb/UCR ( r =0.619, 0.568, and 0.535, respectively) ( P <0.05) in T2DM patients.The level of UPCX/UCR was positively correlated with the levels of UMCP-1/UCR and UNephrin/UCR ( r =0.799 and 0.718 , respectively ) ( P <0.05 ) .The level of UNephrin/UCR was positively correlated with the level of UMCP-1/UCR ( r =0.635 P <0.05) in T2DM patients.The positive rate of UMCP-1/UCR, UNephrin/UCR, and UPCX/UCR was significantly higher than that of UAlb/UCR(χ2 =9.818, 6.673, and 5.395, respectively, P <0.05)in T2DM patients.Conclusions The combined detection of urinary PCX , Nephrin and MCP-1 is very important for the early renal dam-age in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients .

Objective To analysis the clinical features of valproate (VPA)-induced encephalopathy in elderly people in order to improve our cognition toward it.Methods From March 2003 to March 2011,a total of 10 cases with VPA-induced encephalopathy were retrospectively reviewed and summarized.The data collected included clinical manifestations,biochemistry,EEG and therapeutic effects.Results In the 10 cases,8 were males and 2 females.The age ranged from 65-88 years old (mean age 75.4±10.3 years).7 subjects were on treatment with VPA alone,and the other 3 in combination with other anti-epileptic drugs.The serum VPA level in this study ranged from 62.1-122.7 μg/ml with mean of (92.3 ± 30.1) mg/L (normal range 50-100 mg/L).All subjects presented with confusion and cognitive impairment.The serum ammonia level in this study ranged from 56.7-225.1 μmol/L with mean of (101.4±55.2) μmol/L (normal range 11-32 μmol/L).All cases were with normal liver function.Electroencephalography was characterized by signs of severe encephalopathy with continuous generalized slowing,a predominance of θ and δ activity,occasional bursts of epileptiform discharges and triphasic waves.All cases were improved 3-21 days after VPA withdrawal.Conclusions VPA-induced encephalopathy that manifested in confusion and cognitive impairment is not uncommon in elderly patients and it has a good prognosis and the early withdrawal of VPA lads to improvement in almost all cases.

Objectives:To explore the optimal method of spiral CT angiography and MPVR in the detection of intracranial aneurysms.　Methods:Eleven patients with clinical suspicion of intracranial aneurysms underwent spiral CT angiography, then postprocessed with MPVR.　Results:,Five anterior communicating aneurysms,1 posterior communicating aneurysm and 1 base aneurysm were found with MPVR.　Conclusions: Lesions at the circle of Willis, the main trunk of the carotid and the vertebrobasilar arteries, including their branches could be visualized perfectly with MPVR by optimizing the thickness, center, angle of rotation and window level, by which more intracranial aneurysms could be found.

The models of Cardiacglycoside-induced cardiotoxicity in guinea pigs were made by perfusing isolated heart with Langendorff appa- ratus. The free radicals generation in myocardium following the incidence of ventricular premative beat, ventricular tachycardia and ventricular fibrillation were measured respectively by the directed measurement with Electron Spin Resonance ( ESR ) techniques. The results showed the more severe toxicosis, the more much free radicals generate. Free radicals generated significantly in ventricular fibrillation and were scavenged by Superoxide dismutase ( SOD ) and sodium selenate.

The humanity-oriented spirit is being reestablished and developed in medical activities,but there are still deviations clearly demonstrated in language expression and communications between doctors and patients.This paper discusses the relationship between medicine and language expression,empirically analyzes the language problems in physician-patient communication including inadequacy of information,rigidness of speech,frankness in speech,the lack of language skills,shortage of non-linguistic information,and the causes of such problems.Finally,the paper proposes that language cultivation should be improved and restressed from the perspectives of both medicine and linguistics.

Semont maneuver was performed in 97 patients with benign paroxysmal positional vertigo involving the posterior semicircular canal.Among 97 patients the Semont maneuver was successful in 69 cases and failed in 28 cases.There were three nystagmus patterns during the third position of the Semont maneuver:orthotropic nystagmus (n=45), no nystagmus (n=42) and reversed nystagmus (n=10);and the effective rates in three groups were 93%, 64% and 0%, respectively (P<0.05).The duration of latency period and nystagmus status in Dix-Hallpike test has no effect on repositioning efficacy ( P>0.05) .

Objective To investigate the effect of intracoronary application of tirofiban on coronary slow flow patients with acute myocardial infarction during primary percutaneous coronary intervention (PPC1).Method It was a retrospective analysis of 187 patients with acute myocardial infarction treated with PPCI in the emergency department of Beijing Anzhen Hospital enrolled in this study from January,2008 through January,2011.The patients divided into 2 groups in terms of intra-coronary administration of tirofiban (tirofiban group) and intra-coronary use of nitroglycerol (control group).Data were statistically analyzed by using SPSS 13.0 software.Categorical variables were analyzed using x2 test and continuous variables were compared by t test.Results Between two groups,there were no differences in preoperative systolic pressure (P =0.245),the rate of TIMI flow 3 (P =0.568) after PPCI and ST segment resolution (P =0.824),LVEF (P =0.275) and in-hospital mortality (P =0.502).Compared with tirofiban group,the systolic pressure was lower and the rate of using intra-aortic counter-pulsation was higher in control group.Although the incidence of slight bleeding in the control group was lower than that in the tirofiban group,no severe bleeding was observed in both groups.Conclusions The effect of intracoronary use of tirofiban was similar to that of nitroglycerol in terms of improving slow flow of coronary artery.It could safely and effectively reduce the incidence of the coronary slow flow in the patients after PPCI,but it produced a little impact on systolic pressure.It may be a better method of choice for AMI patient with low blood pressure.

Objective To explore the clinical characteristics and management of acute myocardial infarction (AMI) early after kidney transplantation (＜3 months).Method Five cases of AMI early posttransplantation among 122 kidney transplant recipients from June 2011 to December 2012 were retrospectively reviewed.Results Of 5 AMI patients,there were 2 cases within one week postoperatively,one case at 11 th day postoperation,and the other two at 29th day and 46th day after operation respectively.Acute left heart failure was complicated in 3 cases within first two weeks.All the AMI patients had elevated TnⅠ levels which declined subsequently.The climax of TnⅠ levels in all the 5 AMI patients were above 5 ng/mL,and more than 20 ng/mL in two AMI patients within one week.Given by symptomatic and supportive treatment,antiplatelet and anticoagulation therapies and cardioprotective medications,all the five AMI patients were improved.Low molecular heparin was additionally administrated to the 2 cases within first week according to the severe conditions.New emerged small volume of hematocele was proved by ultrasound after 3 days and low molecular heparin was ceased.All the 5 patients survived and neither thrombolysis nor percutaneous coronary intervention therapy was given to them.Conclusion In addition to general prevention against AMI in kidney recipients with high risk factors,managing anemia and hypertensiorn,and improving graft function and systematic status are also important to decrease the risk of AMI.Moreover,cardioprotective therapy including antiplatelet therapies,beta-blockers,angiotensin-converting enzyme inhibitors (ACEI)/angiotensin-2 receptor blockers and statins,which are recommended to the general population with AMI,will also profit to the kidney transplant recipients with AMI.However,aggressive intervention therapies might be more prudent to be used in this population.